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Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In an anecdote written by Suetonius to emphasize Tiberius' extreme cruelty, the emperor is said to have been so vindictive as to not only inflict death upon multitudes of people, but also keep death from others wishing to die. These people were imprisoned and sustained by the smallest rations of food, just enough to keep them alive and suffering. When one such victim begged to be put to death, the emperor replied that he had not yet made his peace with him. Unbelievable as this anecdote may be, it raises the question of whether, and on what terms, reconciliation with this seemingly unforgiving emperor would have been possible. Most ancient authors presented Tiberius as a cruel tyrant. This is especially so in their depiction of his so-called "reign of terror" following the death of his all-powerful praetorian prefect Sejanus in 31 CE, which saw the persecution of many of the latter's followers. Nonetheless, some notable individuals escaped the fate of their comrades. Did Tiberius simply forgive the likes of Lentulus Gaetulicus and M. Terentius for their support of Sejanus, or did he rather compromise and come to terms with them, and if so, how, and why? In this article, I argue that despite Tiberius' traditional image and the reality of his "reign of terror", he was perfectly capable of making pragmatic and reasonable compromises to maintain relative peace with some of Sejanus' most powerful adherents. I will also suggest that these compromises were hardly perceived as such, not just because of the prejudice of the sources against Tiberius, but perhaps also due to a semantic and conceptual gap, which made it difficult for the ancient Romans to accept compromise as a fact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractFocusing on the Life of Heliogabalus in the so-called Historia Augusta or Imperial History, an anonymous late fourth century CE work, the chapter argues that beautiful rulers who cross dressed with abandon were part of late Roman imperial masculinity and its representation. This was so because the Christian emperor Theodosius was very aware of same-gender or homoerotic attraction as unifying force, which he also employed to strengthen the rule of his sons, made full co-rulers as children. However, as the highly satirical Life of Heliogabalus makes clear, gorgeous, soft young emperors had to maintain and make visible specific power relations. If they could not demonstrate that they controlled their generals rather than the other way round, the power of homoerotic attraction could backfire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the prism of a fairly recent discovery of a milestone, the present article sheds light on the Roman road in the Gennesaret Valley, particularly the span connecting Tiberias to Julias. Building on Zvi Ilan's initiative in the 1980s, the author will emphasise two milestones: IMC 694 and IMC 847. Dating to 120 ce, the latter stone’s inscription not only divulges the role of Emperor Hadrian in the artery’s construction, but establishes Tiberias as its caput viae. By delving into historical sources, contemporary research, and the broader context of Hadrian's infrastructure initiatives throughout the province of Judaea, the paper explicates the road network’s purpose and strategic importance during the Roman era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of National Palace Museum Research Quarterly is the property of National Palace Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of National Palace Museum Research Quarterly is the property of National Palace Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper advocates for a focus on non-clarity and indeterminacy in Sound Studies. This idea is pursued pursuing with reference to two diverse paradigms: Daoism, in particular the writings of Zhuangzi, and agential realism, a material framework first put forward by Karen Barad in Meeting the Universe Halfway. Following Zhuangzi’s enigmatic parable of Emperor Hundun closely, this paper argues that by the very materiality of sound and our position within its becoming, listening is a creative practice which is deeply entangled with and co-constitutive of an indeterminate ontology of sound. Such an entanglement necessitates a recognition of listening as ethics-doing, enjoining us to account for the human as a co-constitutive (yet never primary) part of the materiality of sound-making, doing, and listening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe absence of moral didacticism in the Lives of the Caesars is one of the most notable features of Suetonius’ biographies. If Suetonius believes that an emperor who acts virtuously secures himself and the body politic, why does he not actively encourage the imitation of virtue? Suetonius does not offer moral exhortation because his account of the role an emperor’s character or nature plays in their political and private actions suggests that the potential for moral instruction and improvement is severely circumscribed. Therefore, this article explores the political implications of Suetonius’ account of the relationship between an emperor’s character and their political fate to illustrate the potential limitations of the mirror-for-princes genre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After giving birth Latona arrives tired and thirsty in Lycia but the locals refuse her a drink from their lake so she turns them into frogs. Critics usually endorse Latona's justice. This article reexamines the episode to develop a balanced reading and then historicizes that reading in relation to law and Augustus' aqueduct projects. The conflict between goddess and mortals dramatizes tensions between emperor and citizens with conflicting interests in water. Ovid's Lycian myth opens new perspectives on these conflicts and more generally on the place of law in Augustan Rome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a transnational and microhistorical approach, this article seeks to interpret the Brazilian Emperor Dom Pedro II’s 1876 visit to Boston, Massachusetts, with a focus on the June 10 dinner between Dom Pedro II, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and other famous literary guests. Personal and cultural factors created a bridge between the Brazilian monarch and the New England intellectual elite that resulted in a series of transnational intellectual encounters during the Emperor’s 1876 trip. The friendship between Dom Pedro II and Longfellow serves as a microcosm of the increasing cultural impact of American literature on the elite stratum of Brazilian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of Roman { 2 } -domination was introduced in 2016 as a variant of Roman domination, a concept inspired by a defending strategy used by the emperor Constantine (272–337 AD) to protect the Roman Empire. Since then, a considerable number of papers on Roman { 2 } -domination and its variants have been published. In this paper, we survey published results on Roman { 2 } -domination as well as the main findings on Roman { 2 } -domination variants found in the literature. A list of open problems related to this notion and its variants are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Studies is the property of University of Ljubljana, Faculty of the Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An unpublished squeeze from the collection of the École biblique, recording a dedication to the ‘Olympian Gods’ for Hadrian's sōtēria, is here presented in conversation with two closely related inscriptions, recently identified as fakes. The authenticity and provenance of the new object are carefully analysed and discussed and a conclusion cautiously in favour of its genuine antiquity is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents study of the painting of Bishan Das, a great portrait artist in the court of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Jahangir always praised his work and said in Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri "He was incomparable in the art of portraiture. He had some exceptional skills which made him unique". His paintings were very informative with lively details. His painting skills were completely mastered and the vivid details of the background of his paintings made them very distinctive. Bishan Das has majorly contributed to the book of fables, Anwar -e-Suhaili (The Lights of Canopus). The paintings of Bishan Das were popular among women; his extraordinary skills won him praise at the major Harem events. Mughal Emperor Jahangir was a great art lover and a great patron of painting. Although, Mughal Empire in India was established by Babur, the painting reached its peak only during the Jahangir period. He gave complete freedom to the artists in his court. Also, provided necessary materials to the artists. During his time, portraits, court scenes, allegorical portraits, animal paintings, and border decorations got special encouragement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the twenty-first year of Wanli's reign period in the Ming Dynasty, the breach of the river banks along the Yellow River resulted in catastrophic devastation in Henan, directly causing the famine in Henan. Subsequently, Yang Dongming penned Illustration of Starving Citizens, a poignant memorial, to the emperor, articulating the harrowing plight of people in Yucheng with the disaster. His narrative vividly portrayed the relentless onslaught of floodwaters, the decimation of crops, and the destitution endured by displaced masses. Yang Dongming's masterful integration of illustrations and vernacular prose made the Emperor of Wanli dispatch officials for relief efforts, thus mitigating the anguish inflicted upon the populace of Henan in the aftermath of the flood calamity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In seventh-century Byzantium, a prolonged and ardent debate arose concerning the sphere of operation and will in Christ, which became a major theological issue of the period. The problem and the theological debate evolved. The present article attempts to present the specificity of Monotheletism in terms of content and terminology, as well as examine its key thesis. The article discusses the relationship between the view on the unity of Christ's person and the belief in the unity of His will. The article also presents the reasons for maintaining a specific terminology by the Monotheletes and explains the essence of Monotheletism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text focuses on the eulogium of the Europeorum doctorum , a significant tribute from the Imperial Board of Mathematics to the three generations of Jesuit missionaries who served the imperial court of China. The eulogium , produced in 1711, coincided with the imperial gift to the Jesuit's "Portuguese Church" of three calligraphic compositions of religious inspiration commemorating the inauguration of the new church of the Portuguese mission in Beijing (Nantang 南堂). This event holds great importance in the context of Jesuit history and Chinese-European relations, and the presentation we now make of the Chinese version of the original eulogium allows a comparison with the already revealed Vatican Latin version, confirming this concession as a product of the "system of honors" similar to others that came in line as exceptional expressions of courtly favor toward the Jesuits living and working in the imperial court in the Kangxi Emperor's reign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon Chinese and European sources, this paper intends to analyze the Italian missionary Matteo Ripa's activities in China from three perspectives. First, it will employ new documents to explore the context of Ripa's copper engravings of thirty-six views at Jehol. Second, it will elaborate on his dialogue with an imperial Muslim physician at the court, where he shared insights into Islamic culture. Third, it will examine Ripa's departure for Europe and the farewell gifts he received, as documented in an archival record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about the unique spatial arrangement of the capital (Nanjing) and imperial mausoleum (Xiaoling) in fourteenth-century China. According to Confucian principles and traditional practices, the location of tombs should be separated from the space of the living for philosophical and emotional reasons. However, this convention was challenged by the Hongwu emperor (1368–1398), founder of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), who built his own imperial mausoleum, Xiaoling, within the confines of the capital, an unprecedented act. According to primary sources—ritual texts, gazettes, tour books, and poetry—this innovative capital–mausoleum plan suggests an extension of the pattern by which the Hongwu emperor honored his ancestors through spatial arrangements and incorporated the imperial ancestors into dynasty-building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bijapur, now a district headquarters in Karnataka, was formerly the seat of the Adil Shahi kingdom of the Deccan which ruled the region for nearly two centuries (1489-1686 AD). The founder of the Adilshahi dynasty, Sultan Yusuf Adil Shah made Bijapur, or Vijyapur the capital of the Bijapur kingdom. The rulers of the Adilshahi dynasty ordered their engravers to engrave the seals in their names. We find many seals of this dynasty representing different rulers, princes, princesses, or officials. The seals of the Adil Shahi dynasty are very peculiar in many facets. Some important seals of the same period will be studied in this small article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Crusade of Nicopolis of 1396 can be seen as a turning point in both the crusading movement as a whole, as well as in the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans. In recent decades, quite a few studies examining different crusading contingents – Burgundians, Hungarians, Poles, etc. have been published. In comparison, participants from the Holy Roman Empire attract less interest. This study aims to present some aspects of the involvement of the Burgraves of Nuremberg from the Franconian branch of the house of (Hohen)Zollern with this crusade. Their politics and the dynamics of their relationship with the rulers of the Empire can be used as a starting point in examining this problem. Their marriage ties with other participants in the crusade of 1396 – the Luxemburgs, the Valois and the Wittelsbachs on the Rhine – are not insignificant in this regard and also offer valuable insight. A closer look at their military activity, both inside and outside the Empire, including crusading traditions and participation in similar campaigns, is used when identifying patterns and possibly, models of behavior. Another important problem is the significance of the campaign for the subsequent relations of the Franconian Hohenzollerns with Emperor Sigismund and King Wenceslaus of Bohemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European legal systems are tributary, to a greater or lesser extent, to Roman law, according to stages of reception in different historical eras. It is, more precisely, about Roman law as conceived by Justinian - a mass of norms elaborated and imposed for application by the autocratic emperor, which Savigny considered a manifestation of decadence. The present article aims to analyse the singular model which, ensuring the overcoming of the conservatism-pragmatism antithesis, led, in the classical era, to the evolution of Roman civil law towards the peak of intellectual sophistication whose shadow can be glimpsed in the Corpus iuris civilis. We are referring to the joint action of two mechanisms: on the one hand, the edict that the judicial magistrate (praetor) published by virtue of his power (imperium) and which contained the formulas according to which the judicial procedure was carried out according to the lex Aebutia (iurisdictio contentiosa) and, on the other hand, to the activity of the prudent, whose consultations (responsa) provided them with the necessary authority (auctoritas) to interpret the civil law (interpretatio). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents what titles Lucifer of Cagliari applies to Emperor Constantius II. The main part of the work is preceded by a short introduction, which contains basic information about the Author and his works. The main part describes selected contexts of use of individual groups of titles and the functions they perform. The bishop used titles to express irony, show the ruler his error and persuade him to convert. The titles used for the monarch were also compared with those used for other people and with the titles used by Hilary of Poitiers for Constantius II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appendices of Michael of Devol to the chronicle of John Skylitzes are a valuable testimony in the knowledge of the Balkan wars of emperor Basil II and the first century of Byzantine rule in Bulgaria. They also provide important information on the biographies of individual members of the Komitopules family or the process of assimilation of Bulgarian elites in the geographical area of Macedonia under Byzantine rule in the XI-XII centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the issue of Peter the Apostle’s authority as it emerges from the acts of the first millennium councils. Peter is portrayed as an authority on doctrine and morality, a model for dealing with wrongdoing, and a promoter of a pastoral ministry based on religious freedom. The emperors regarded him as a model of the defender of the faith; the popes perceived him as a doctrinal and, on occasion, jurisdictional authority; and the conciliar debate participants looked at Peter as an example of how to deal with wicked oaths. The reference to Peter’s authority is determined by the function held and the circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of KUL Journal of Legal Studies / Studia Prawnicze KUL is the property of John Paul II Catholic University of Lubin / Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study of rhetoric has a long history in the Western intellectual tradition. However, only minimal efforts have been made to rigorously examine the cultural evolution of various rhetorical strategies in argumentation over time. In this study, we harness the power of fully digitized Chinese dynastic history to systematically analyze how different rhetorical strategies were used to persuade superiors throughout the past two millennia. By leveraging existing literature on Chinese rhetoric and argumentation styles, as well as engaging in extensive consultation with historians of ancient China, we identify and classify rhetorical strategies into distinct categories. We then examine their recorded success in persuasion and any temporal changes in frequency. Our findings point to a cumulative payoff-biased cultural evolution where later dynasties tend to demonstrate higher recorded persuasion success, with the notable exception of the Ming dynasty. Additionally, we detect a temporal decline in the frequency of rhetorical strategies associated with persuasion failures, such as analogy and the use of auspicious/inauspicious signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout his military career, artillery officer Jurij Vega wrote Emperor Francis II five requests, which are the subject of this article. The documents are held in the War Archives (Kriegsarchiv) in Vienna and have never been fully disclosed and analyzed in our country. Three requests concern the awarding of Austria's highest decoration for bravery to officers – the Military Order of Maria Theresa. Vega had to apply for the high decoration as many as three times, as the emperor rejected him twice. The article also contains a critical review of works on this topic, as most of the authors have misinterpreted certain facts due to a lack of precise knowledge of the procedures for entering the Military Order of Maria Theresa. A petition to the Emperor for the grant of a baronial title was published by Dr Matija Žargi in the Kronika journal in the article Jurij Vega about himself; however, a letter written by Vega to Emperor Francis II in March 1801, reminding him that he had not been promoted to a higher rank for seven years, has not yet been published in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the bas-de-page decoration by Jörg Breu the Elder of a leaf in the Prayer Book of Emperor Maximilian I (fol. 78r), a cheerful winged putto is gracefully propelling a walking frame. Both the rolling structure aiding its first steps and the presence of wings cry out for an explanation, especially as the two are shown together. Unlike most other depictions of a child with a walker, this putto is neither a personification of an age of man, nor a reference to a specific infant. Among its precedents, it is worth mentioning the marginal decorations of prayers of intercession, especially the relevant depiction in the Hours of Mary of Burgundy. The structure of the walker in Maximilian's prayer book is counterfunctional: its wooden slats together form a capital A and capital D. By modelling the walker on Dürer's monogram, Jörg Breu was, on the one hand, thanking his mentor for his inspiration, and on the other, fulfilling the wish of Konrad Peutinger – and indirectly of the emperor – that the decoration of the prayer book be completed in the manner commenced by Dürer. While there are also classical precedents for the motif of the walker as a device aiding the acquisition of knowledge, later examples are particularly relevant to the sustentaculum modelled on Dürer's monogram. In the seventeenth century, the metaphor of the "first step" and the concept of "giving and receiving support" frequently conjured up the theme of master and pupil; at this time, the child learning to walk with the aid of a walker was repeatedly alluded to in the context of the study and practice of art. This notion also comes across in the etching by Rembrandt known as 'Het Rolwagentje': here too, learning to walk independently refers to the process of mastering art, with the obligatory first steps being to practise drawing nudes and to copy the works of the master. In the depiction of the putto, its hesitant steps imply slowness, while its wings suggest speed. This ambivalence is also the essence of the adage festina lente , which was of particular relevance to Emperor Maximilian; the theme was probably suggested by Peutinger. Other references to the emperor are the figure of Hercules stepping on a snail, in the lower right margin of the same sheet, and the crane depicted on its verso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

King Chungseon of Goryeo, the grandson of a Yuan emperor, commissioned from renowned 14th-century Chinese artist Chen Jianru a portrait of Yi Jehyeon, a prominent Goryeo scholar-official. Despite the portrait's fame as a rare Yuan work and evidence of the Goryeo-Yuan relationship, its purpose remains a mystery. This study aims to explore how the Portrait of Yi Je-hyeon was a personal gift of King Chungseon, but also served the subtler purpose of strengthening the king's political position by connecting Yi with southern literati through the cultural act of painting appreciation. Firstly, this study demonstrates works of art such as paintings and poems were one way for southern literati to reinforce their sense of solidarity and commonality. Secondly, this study seeks to argue the people involved in the creation and appreciation of the portrait, as well as its compositional elements and motifs, suggest that it was a means to establish Yi Je-hyeon's legitimacy within orthodox southern literati circles. Ultimately, this study argues King Chungseon, who sought to form a power base in the Yuan court with the support of southern literati, attempted to establish and strengthen connections between these factions and certain members of the Goryeo elite, including Yi Je-hyeon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the tale O cavalo fantasma da estrada do Engenho Barbalho, by Jayme Griz, supported by theoretical assumptions of Durval Muniz de Albuquerque (2013), Rejane Carvalho (1987) and André Luiz Galvão (2018). From bibliographic research, we seek to identify the phenomenon of coronelism in the Northeast and the violence that is underlying it as analytical categories, social marks of the Zona da Mata Sul of Pernambuco, in the 19th century. As results, records of violence in the plot were identified from slavery, contextualized in the visit of Emperor D. Pedro II to Brazil, and in the desolation expressed by Zé Cambinda on his visits to Pai Inácio's maracatu. In another cut, the universe of the big house demonstrated the violence present in the dialogues and behavior of the maid Teresa, as well as in the dependence of the migrants on the mill owner. Finally, violence becomes akin to coronelism in the actions of Mr. Barbosa, who curtails the freedom and ways of life of his daughter, whose act leads her to death. When considering the links between literature and society, we conclude that coronelism in the griziano tale mirrors a time that did not remain in the past, given the new forms of domination and violence exercised by landowners today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the occurrences of the word dream throughout Marcus Aurelius' Meditations are few and brief, its function, pointed out in I, 17 as being a means from which we can receive some type of divine help, suggests that this subject is of fundamental importance for the conduct of human life. Thus, this paper aims, firstly, to analyze the occurrences of the term dream throughout the aforementioned work, and then to compare the possible meanings of these occurrences with the famous dream experienced by Marcus Aurelius as a young man, described in both the Historia Augusta and the Historia Romana. At the end of this journey, the aim is to consider how the emperor conceived the relationship between dreams and human life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Maracanan is the property of Revista Maracanan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The son-in-law of the Qing emperor was given the title of "efu." Taking Han-Jun bannerman Sun Cheng-yun, the son-in-law of Emperor Kangxi, as the starting point, this paper explores the status of his family in the early Qing dynasty based on archival materials and biographies. Marrying up into the royal family through a princess had a certain impact on Sun's family in terms of his inheritance of a niru, the tenure of family members, and the family's hereditary titles. The examination of this family also provides some insights into the political status of the Han-Jun banner sons-in-law of the early Qing emperors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the last moments of the emperor Theophilos and how his dying moments are related in Byzantine historiography. His religious policy is central here. In fact, Theophilos' stance on images is what allows us today to categorize narratives of his final moments, based on whether he repented for his iconoclastic policy. Three groups of narratives can be distinguished; those that claim that the emperor repented, those that claim that he did not, and those that are silent on the issue. Death narratives in historical writing constitute a commonplace in Kaiserkritik, and Theophilos' dying moments are no exception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout Iconoclasm the imperial icon was used in iconophile writings as the major argument in support of icon veneration. It included images of the emperor reproduced in various media and even panel portraits. Although the latter have not survived, they were real objects with a strong presence in the Byzantine system of visual communication. This paper will show that that the role of the imperial icon in Byzantine imagery and image theory was closely connected to the perception of the emperor and of the sacred imperial power in Byzantium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the year 1723, the Yongzheng 雍正 emperor issued an edict, which said he found when people published books, they often either left blank characters for the terms hulu yidi 胡虜夷狄 (barbarians) or purposely avoided using these terms. If these terms should be avoided, it means people took the Manchu people who ruled China as "barbarians," so the emperor prohibited the self-censored taboo terms to be applied. In 1777, the ministers in charge of compiling the Siku quanshu 四庫全書 (Complete Library of the Four Branches of Literature) were severely reprimanded by the Qianlong 乾隆 emperor for failing to eliminate references to the Jin Jurchen people and some Mongolian tribes as yi and di in Zong Ze's 宗澤 (1059-1128) Zong Zhongjian ji 宗忠簡集 and Yang Jisheng's 楊繼盛 (1516-1555) Yang Zhongmin ji 楊忠愍集. Taking advantage of the new research environment in the era of big data, this article compares the Ming and Qing editions of these two books with their Wenyuan 文淵, Wenjin 文津 and Wenlan 文瀾 editions of the Siku quanshu to analyze their avoidance of the taboo terms. The Pingpanji 平叛記, which recorded historical events during the transition from the Ming to the Qing, is also studied as another key example. After examining the original unabridged edition and the reprinted revised editions of this text, we explore how the reprinted editions deleted or altered the taboo terms in accordance with the emperors' edicts. Through these case studies, we illustrate the new phenomena of "self-repression/censorship" that occured when taboo words were proscribed in traditional Chinese society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the request for prayers ὑπὲρ βασιλέων in 1 Timothy 2:1–2 by focusing on three exegetical questions: (1) Who are the βασιλεῖς? (2) Are prayers for βασιλεῖς distinguishable from prayers to βασιλεῖς? And (3) to whom is this exhortation directed? The article argues that the rhetorical construction of this passage emulates and internalizes imperial ideology, but the very act of imitation has the potential to cause colonial anxiety by obscuring the colonial subjects behind this document and by disrupting any attempt at fixed interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romanian historiography, few specialists have investigated Iancu's life after 1852. Even Silviu Dragomir, in his 1924 monograph, went only as far as the year 1852 with his research. In time, however, two points of view emerged about Iancu's last years (between 1852, when the emperor visited the Apuseni Mountains, and 1872, when Iancu died). For Silviu Dragomir, the behaviour of the leader of the Motzen after 1852 can be explained by a neuro-psychic disease caused by the pressure experienced during the Revolution, the great responsibilities he took, and the treatment of the Motzen and their leaders by the Austrians after the Revolution. Most historians considered the refusal of the leader of the Motzen to meet the emperor the first sign of a mental disease, but there are also testimonies that rule out madness. It is our contention that Iancu's "disorders" from 1852 to 1872 which his contemporaries talk about are in fact more or less serious bouts of depression, lasting shorter or longer spans of time, and therefore to label Avram Iancu "a madman" nowadays, as well as in the past, is doing a huge injustice to the memory of an exemplary leader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The column monument in Istanbul's Gülhane Park, commonly known by its colloquial name "column of the Goths," bears a well-known inscription on its pedestal which states that this monument was dedicated to Fortuna Redux on the occasion of a Roman victory over the Goths. The monument, however, has not attracted much scholarly attention, probably because no consensus has yet been reached regarding its date. An inspection of the inscription in Gülhane Park and a fresh analysis of its text suggest that the emperor Constantine erected the "column of the Goths" in the context of the formal dedication of his new capital in 330 as a memorial for his victory over the Goths in 328 or 329. The monument highlights Constantinople's extraordinary political nature as more than just another imperial residence in the style of the tetrarchy. It bears witness to the emperor's efforts to give Constantinople the status of a second Rome as well as his determination, above all else, to establish his city as the home of triumphant victories. Moreover, the monument's dedication to Fortuna Redux, is another token of Constantine's at least partially ambiguous religious policy, which allowed traditional symbols to be visible in his new capital of Constantinople. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the exchange of knowledge and materials between Europe and China during the Qing Dynasty, specifically focusing on the production of enameled objects. It discusses how Chinese attempts to imitate European surface effects have been less studied compared to the importation of Chinese porcelain into Europe. The article highlights the incorporation of European enamel technology in China, resulting in an expansion of the Chinese color palette and the development of new types of porcelain. It also explores the use of European pigments and coloring agents in Chinese ceramics, as well as the technical differences in firing processes between China and Europe. The document further discusses the use of European techniques in Chinese enamel production during the Qing Empire, noting that European recipes were widely used during the reigns of the Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors, while Chinese techniques were favored during the Yongzheng reign. The research emphasizes the adoption of European techniques by Chinese craftspeople to produce objects for the European market. [Extracted from the article]