22 results on '"Edoardo Ruggeri"'
Search Results
2. Focal adhesion kinase as a new player in the biology of onco-hematological diseases: the starting evidence
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Guido Capasso, Nayla Mouawad, Maria Castronuovo, Edoardo Ruggeri, Andrea Visentin, Livio Trentin, and Federica Frezzato
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FAK ,microenvironment ,tumor ,blood ,hematological diseases ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase mainly found in the focal adhesion regions of the plasma membrane and it has a crucial role in migration and the remodeling of cellular morphology. FAK is also linked to several aspects of cancer biology, from cytokine production to angiogenesis, drug resistance, invasion, and metastasis, as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The gene locus of FAK is frequently amplified in several human tumors, thus causing FAK overexpression in several cancers. Furthermore, FAK can influence extracellular matrix production and exosome secretion through cancer-associated fibroblasts, thus it has an important role in tumor microenvironment regulation. Although the role of FAK in solid tumors is well known, its importance in onco-hematological diseases remains poorly explored. This review collects studies related to FAK significance in onco-hematological diseases and their microenvironments. Overall, the importance of FAK in blood tumors is increasingly evident, but further research is required to confirm it as a new therapeutic target in hematological contexts.
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- 2024
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3. Protein kinase CK2α is overexpressed in classical hodgkin lymphoma, regulates key signaling pathways, PD-L1 and may represent a new target for therapy
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Edoardo Ruggeri, Federica Frezzato, Nayla Mouawad, Marco Pizzi, Federico Scarmozzino, Guido Capasso, Valentina Trimarco, Laura Quotti Tubi, Alessandro Cellini, Chiara Adele Cavarretta, Valeria Ruocco, Andrea Serafin, Francesco Angotzi, Nicolò Danesin, Sabrina Manni, Monica Facco, Francesco Piazza, Livio Trentin, and Andrea Visentin
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classical hodgkin lymphoma ,anti-CD30 ,MMAE ,CK2 ,PD-L1 ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
IntroductionIn classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), the survival of neoplastic cells is mediated by the activation of NF-κB, JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, consisting of two catalytic (α) and two regulatory (β) subunits, which is involved in several cellular processes and both subunits were found overexpressed in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.Methods and resultsBiochemical analyses and in vitro assays showed an impaired expression of CK2 subunits in cHL, with CK2α being overexpressed and a decreased expression of CK2β compared to normal B lymphocytes. Mechanistically, CK2β was found to be ubiquitinated in all HL cell lines and consequently degraded by the proteasome pathway. Furthermore, at basal condition STAT3, NF-kB and AKT are phosphorylated in CK2-related targets, resulting in constitutive pathways activation. The inhibition of CK2 with CX-4945/silmitasertib triggered the de-phosphorylation of NF-κB-S529, STAT3-S727, AKT-S129 and -S473, leading to cHL cell lines apoptosis. Moreover, CX-4945/silmitasertib was able to decrease the expression of the immuno-checkpoint CD274/PD-L1 but not of CD30, and to synergize with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), the microtubule inhibitor of brentuximab vedotin.ConclusionsOur data point out a pivotal role of CK2 in the survival and the activation of key signaling pathways in cHL. The skewed expression between CK2α and CK2β has never been reported in other lymphomas and might be specific for cHL. The effects of CK2 inhibition on PD-L1 expression and the synergistic combination of CX-4945/silmitasertib with MMAE pinpoints CK2 as a high-impact target for the development of new therapies for cHL
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- 2024
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4. Tackling the dysregulated immune-checkpoints in classical Hodgkin lymphoma: bidirectional regulations between the microenvironment and Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells
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Alessandro Cellini, Federico Scarmozzino, Francesco Angotzi, Edoardo Ruggeri, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos, Livio Trentin, Marco Pizzi, and Andrea Visentin
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Hodgkin lymphoma ,microenvironment ,Treg ,PD-1 ,LAG-3 ,immune checkpoint inhibitors ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Immune evasion is considered one of the modern hallmarks of cancer and is a key element in the pathogenesis of classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL). This haematological cancer achieves effective avoidance of the host’s immune system by overexpressing the PD-L1 and PD-L2 proteins on the surface of the neoplastic cells. Subversion of the PD-1/PD-L axis, however, is not the sole contributor to immune evasion in cHL, as the microenvironment nurtured by the Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells is a major player in the creation of a biological niche that sustains their survival and hinders immune recognition. In this review, we will discuss the physiology of the PD-1/PD-L axis and how cHL is able to exploit a plethora of different molecular mechanisms to build an immunosuppressive microenvironment and achieve optimal immune evasion. We will then discuss the success obtained by checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in treating cHL, both as single agents and as part of combination strategies, analysing the rationale for their combination with traditional chemotherapeutic compounds and the proposed mechanisms of resistance to CPI immunotherapy.
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- 2023
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5. Amyloid-Beta Co-Pathology Is a Major Determinant of the Elevated Plasma GFAP Values in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Andrea Mastrangelo, Veria Vacchiano, Corrado Zenesini, Edoardo Ruggeri, Simone Baiardi, Arianna Cherici, Patrizia Avoni, Barbara Polischi, Francesca Santoro, Sabina Capellari, Rocco Liguori, and Piero Parchi
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,Alzheimer’s disease ,GFAP ,biofluid biomarkers ,co-pathology ,neurodegeneration ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Recent studies reported increased plasma glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients compared to controls. We expanded these findings in a larger cohort, including 156 ALS patients and 48 controls, and investigated the associations of plasma GFAP with clinical variables and other biofluid biomarkers. Plasma GFAP and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were assessed by the single molecule array and the Lumipulse platforms, respectively. In ALS patients, plasma GFAP was higher than in controls (p < 0.001) and associated with measures of cognitive decline. Twenty ALS patients (12.8%) showed a positive amyloid status (A+), of which nine also exhibited tau pathology (A+T+, namely ALS-AD). ALS-AD patients showed higher plasma GFAP than A− ALS participants (p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001), whereas the comparison between A− ALS and controls missed statistical significance (p = 0.07). Plasma GFAP distinguished ALS-AD subjects more accurately (area under the curve (AUC) 0.932 ± 0.027) than plasma p-tau181 (AUC 0.692 ± 0.058, p < 0.0001) and plasma neurofilament light chain protein (AUC, 0.548 ± 0.088, p < 0.0001). Cognitive measures differed between ALS-AD and other ALS patients. AD co-pathology deeply affects plasma GFAP values in ALS patients. Plasma GFAP is an accurate biomarker for identifying AD co-pathology in ALS, which can influence the cognitive phenotype.
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- 2023
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6. Is It Still Possible to Think about HSP70 as a Therapeutic Target in Onco-Hematological Diseases?
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Nayla Mouawad, Guido Capasso, Edoardo Ruggeri, Leonardo Martinello, Filippo Severin, Andrea Visentin, Monica Facco, Livio Trentin, and Federica Frezzato
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Heat Shock Proteins ,HSP70 ,leukemia ,lymphoma ,myeloma ,therapeutics ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The search for molecules to be targeted that are involved in apoptosis resistance/increased survival and pathogenesis of onco-hematological malignancies is ongoing since these diseases are still not completely understood. Over the years, a good candidate has been identified in the Heat Shock Protein of 70kDa (HSP70), a molecule defined as “the most cytoprotective protein ever been described”. HSP70 is induced in response to a wide variety of physiological and environmental insults, allowing cells to survive lethal conditions. This molecular chaperone has been detected and studied in almost all the onco-hematological diseases and is also correlated to poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. In this review, we give an overview of the discoveries that have led us to consider HSP70 as a therapeutic target for mono- or combination-therapies in acute and chronic leukemias, multiple myeloma and different types of lymphomas. In this excursus, we will also consider HSP70 partners, such as its transcription factor HSF1 or its co-chaperones whose druggability could indirectly affect HSP70. Finally, we will try to answer the question asked in the title of this review considering that, despite the effort made by research in this field, HSP70 inhibitors never reached the clinic.
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- 2023
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7. P054: The Kinase CK2 is deregulated and targetable in classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
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Andrea Visentin, Edoardo Ruggeri, Federica Frezzato, Marco Pizzi, Alessandro Cellini, Francesco Angotzi, Chiara Adele Cavarretta, Valeria Ruocco, Stefano Pravato, Filippo Severin, Monica Facco, Sabrina Manni, Francesci Piazza, and Livio Trentin
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Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Published
- 2022
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8. Targeting of HSP70/HSF1 Axis Abrogates In Vitro Ibrutinib-Resistance in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
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Federica Frezzato, Andrea Visentin, Filippo Severin, Serena Pizzo, Edoardo Ruggeri, Nayla Mouawad, Leonardo Martinello, Elisa Pagnin, Valentina Trimarco, Alessia Tonini, Samuela Carraro, Stefano Pravato, Silvia Imbergamo, Sabrina Manni, Francesco Piazza, Anna Maria Brunati, Monica Facco, and Livio Trentin
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chronic lymphocytic leukemia ,Ibrutinib ,HSP70 ,HSF1 ,drug-resistance ,phenols ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
The Btk inhibitor ibrutinib has significantly changed the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Despite its clinical efficacy, relapses occur, and outcomes after ibrutinib failure are poor. Although BTK and PLCγ2 mutations have been found to be associated with ibrutinib resistance in a fair percentage of CLL patients, no information on resistance mechanisms is available in patients lacking these mutations. The heat shock protein of 70 kDa (HSP70) and its transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) play a role in mediating the survival and progression of CLL, as well as taking part in drug resistance in various cancers. We demonstrated that resveratrol and related phenols were able to induce apoptosis in vitro in leukemic cells from CLL untreated patients by acting on the HSP70/HSF1 axis. The same was achieved in cells recovered from 13 CLL patients failing in vivo ibrutinib treatment. HSP70 and HSF1 levels decreased following in vitro treatment, correlating to apoptosis induction. We suggest an involvement of HSP70/HSF1 axis in controlling resistance to ibrutinib in CLL cells, since their inhibition is effective in inducing in vitro apoptosis in cells from ibrutinib refractory patients. The targeting of HSP70/HSF1 axis could represent a novel rational therapeutic strategy for CLL, also for relapsing patients.
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- 2021
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9. Misfolded α-Synuclein Assessment in the Skin and CSF by RT-QuIC in Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
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Alex Iranzo, Angela Mammana, Amaia Muñoz-Lopetegi, Sofia Dellavalle, Gerard Mayà, Marcello Rossi, Monica Serradell, Simone Baiardi, Aurora Arqueros, Corinne Quadalti, Andres Perissinotti, Edoardo Ruggeri, Joan Santamaria Cano, Carles Gaig, and Piero Parchi
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Neurology (clinical) - Abstract
Background and ObjectivesReal-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay detects misfolded α-synuclein (AS) in the skin and CSF of patients with the synucleinopathies Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (IRBD) constitutes the prodromal stage of these synucleinopathies. We aimed to compare the ability of RT-QuIC to identify AS in the skin and CSF of patients with IRBD.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study where consecutive patients with polysomnographic-confirmed IRBD and age-matched controls without RBD underwent skin biopsy and lumbar puncture the same day. Three-millimeter skin punch biopsies were obtained bilaterally in the cervical region from dorsal C7 and C8 dermatomes and in distal legs. RT-QuIC assessed AS in these 6 skin sites and the CSF.ResultsWe recruited 91 patients with IRBD and 41 controls. In the skin, sensitivity to detect AS was 76.9% (95% CI 66.9–85.1), specificity 97.6% (95% CI 87.1–99.9) positive predictive value 98.6% (95% CI 91.0–99.8), negative predictive value 65.6% (95% CI 56.6–73.6), and accuracy 83.3% (95% CI 75.9–89.3). In the CSF, the sensitivity was 75.0% (95% CI 64.6–83.6), the specificity was 97.5% (95% CI 86.8–99.9), the positive predictive value was 98.5% (95% CI 90.5–99.8), the negative predictive value was 63.9% (95% CI 55.2–71.9), and the accuracy was 82.0% (95% CI 74.3–88.3). Results in the skin and CSF samples showed 99.2% agreement. Compared with negative patients, RT-QuIC AS-positive patients had a higher likelihood ratio of prodromal Parkinson disease (p< 0.001) and showed more frequently hyposmia (p< 0.001), dopamine transporter imaging single-photon emission CT deficit (p= 0.002), and orthostatic hypotension (p= 0.014). No severe or moderate adverse effects were reported. There was no difference between the percentage of participants reporting mild adverse events secondary to skin biopsy or lumbar puncture (9.1% vs 17.2%;p= 0.053). One hundred and ten (83%) and 104 (80%) participants, respectively, stated they would accept to undergo skin biopsy and lumbar puncture again for research purposes.DiscussionOur study in IRBD shows that (1) RT-QuIC detects AS in the skin and CSF with similar high sensitivity, specificity, and agreement, (2) AS RT-QuIC positivity is associated with supportive features and biomarkers of synucleinopathy, and (3) skin punch biopsy and lumbar puncture have comparable mild adverse effects, tolerance, and acceptance. RT-QuIC in the skin or CSF might represent a patient selection strategy for future neuroprotective trials targeting AS in IRBD.Classification of EvidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that RT-QuIC–detected AS in the skin and CSF distinguishes patients with IRBD from controls.
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- 2023
10. Halide Remixing under Device Operation Imparts Stability on Mixed-Cation Mixed-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
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Edoardo Ruggeri, Miguel Anaya, Krzysztof Gałkowski, Anna Abfalterer, Yu‐Hsien Chiang, Kangyu Ji, Zahra Andaji‐Garmaroudi, and Samuel D. Stranks
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Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Materials Science - Abstract
Mixed-halide mixed-cation hybrid perovskites are among the most promising perovskite compositions for application in a variety of optoelectronic devices due to their high performance, low cost, and bandgap-tuning capabilities. Instability pathways such as those driven by ionic migration, however, continue to hinder their further progress. Here, an operando variable-pitch synchrotron grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering technique is used to track the surface and bulk structural changes in mixed-halide mixed-cation perovskite solar cells under continuous load and illumination. By monitoring the evolution of the material structure, it is demonstrated that halide remixing along the electric field and illumination direction during operation hinders phase segregation and limits device instability. Correlating the evolution with directionality- and depth-dependent analyses, it is proposed that this halide remixing is induced by an electrostrictive effect acting along the substrate out-of-plane direction. However, this stabilizing effect is overwhelmed by competing halide demixing processes in devices exposed to humid air or with poorer starting performance. The findings shed new light on understanding halide de- and re-mixing competitions and their impact on device longevity. These operando techniques allow real-time tracking of the structural evolution in full optoelectronic devices and unveil otherwise inaccessible insights into rapid structural evolution under external stress conditions.
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- 2022
11. Ultrafast Photoexcited Carrier Dynamics in 2D/3D Lead-Tin Perovskites with Tuneable Dimensionality
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Jake D. Hutchinson, Edoardo Ruggeri, Jack M. Woolley, Samuel D. Stranks, and Rebecca L. Milot
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- 2022
12. One year of surgical mask testing at the University of Bologna labs: Lessons learned from data analysis
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Cristiana Boi, Francesca Borsetti, Tommaso M. Brugo, Martina Cappelletti, Maria G. De Angelis, Stefano Fedi, Simone Di Giacomo, Thomas Fabiani, Giacomo Foli, Andrea Garelli, Umberto Genchi, Daniele Ghezzi, Chiara Gualandi, Eleonora Lalli, Mirna Magnani, Andrea Maurizzi, Fabio Mazzi, Najmeh Mehrabi, Matteo Minelli, Riccardo Montalbano, Luana Morelli, Silvia Nici, Alessandro Paglianti, Kseniya Papchenko, Sebastiano Pappalardo, Nicola F. Parisi, Riccardo Onesti, Stefania Rapino, Marta Reggio, Marco Roselli, Edoardo Ruggeri, Laura Sabatini, Emanuela Saracino, Giordano E. Scarponi, Lorenzo Serra, Virginia Signorini, Alba Storione, Monica Torsello, Eugenia Tugnoli, Claudia M. Vargiu, Gianluca Vidali, Francesco S. Violante, Boi C., Borsetti F., Brugo T.M., Cappelletti M., De Angelis M.G., Fedi S., Di Giacomo S., Fabiani T., Foli G., Garelli A., Genchi U., Ghezzi D., Gualandi C., Lalli E., Magnani M., Maurizzi A., Mazzi F., Mehrabi N., Minelli M., Montalbano R., Morelli L., Nici S., Onesti R., Paglianti A., Papchenko K., Pappalardo S., Parisi N.F., Rapino S., Reggio M., Roselli M., Ruggeri E., Sabatini L., Saracino E., Scarponi G.E., Serra L., Signorini V., Storione A., Torsello M., Tugnoli E., Vargiu C.M., Vidali G., and Violante F.S.
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History ,Pandemic spread prevention ,Surgical masks ,Polymers and Plastics ,COVID-19 ,Filtration and Separation ,Bacterial filtration ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Breathability ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic highlighted the worldwide lack of surgical masks and personal protective equipment, which represent the main defense available against respiratory diseases as COVID-19. At the time, masks shortage was dramatic in Italy, the first European country seriously hit by the pandemic: aiming to address the emergency and to support the Italian industrial reconversion to the production of surgical masks, a multidisciplinary team of the University of Bologna organized a laboratory to test surgical masks according to European regulations. The group, driven by the expertise of chemical engineers, microbiologists, and occupational physicians, set-up the test lines to perform all the functional tests required. The laboratory started its activity on late March 2020, and as of the end of December of the same year 435 surgical mask prototypes were tested, with only 42 masks compliant to the European standard. From the analysis of the materials used, as well as of the production methods, it was found that a compliant surgical mask is most likely composed of three layers, a central meltblown filtration layer and two external spunbond comfort layers. An increase in the material thickness (grammage), or in the number of layers, does not improve the filtration efficiency, but leads to poor breathability, indicating that filtration depends not only on pure size exclusion, but other mechanisms are taking place (driven by electrostatic charge). The study critically reviewed the European standard procedures, identifying the weak aspects; among the others, the control of aerosol droplet size during the bacterial filtration test results to be crucial, since it can change the classification of a mask when its performance lies near to the limiting values of 95 or 98%.
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- 2022
13. Microsecond Carrier Lifetimes, Controlled p-Doping, and Enhanced Air Stability in Low-Bandgap Metal Halide Perovskites
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Alan R. Bowman, Giorgio Divitini, Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi, Satyaprasad P. Senanayak, Bernard Wenger, Stuart Macpherson, Matthew T. Klug, Henry J. Snaith, Michael D. Farrar, Tiarnan Doherty, Samuel D. Stranks, Edward P. Booker, Henning Sirringhaus, Edoardo Ruggeri, Bowman, Alan [0000-0002-1726-3064], Divitini, Giorgio [0000-0003-2775-610X], MacPherson, Stuart [0000-0003-3758-1198], Ruggeri, Edoardo [0000-0002-2866-0612], Sirringhaus, Henning [0000-0001-9827-6061], Stranks, Samuel [0000-0002-8303-7292], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Letter ,Materials science ,Photoluminescence ,Band gap ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Halide ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Zinc ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,4016 Materials Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials Chemistry ,40 Engineering ,Perovskite (structure) ,3403 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry ,34 Chemical Sciences ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Doping ,equipment and supplies ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Microsecond ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Zinc iodide ,3406 Physical Chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Mixed lead-tin halide perovskites have sufficiently low bandgaps (∼1.2 eV) to be promising absorbers for perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cells. Previous reports on lead-tin perovskites have typically shown poor optoelectronic properties compared to neat lead counterparts: short photoluminescence lifetimes (
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- 2019
14. Relaxed Current Matching Requirements in Highly Luminescent Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells and Their Fundamental Efficiency Limits
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Giles E. Eperon, Felix Lang, Kyle Frohna, Yu-Hsien Chiang, Bettina V. Lotsch, Alan R. Bowman, Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi, Edoardo Ruggeri, Miguel Anaya, Samuel D. Stranks, Alberto Jiménez-Solano, Bowman, Alan [0000-0002-1726-3064], Frohna, Kyle [0000-0002-2259-6154], Ruggeri, Edoardo [0000-0002-2866-0612], Stranks, Samuel [0000-0002-8303-7292], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Apollo-University Of Cambridge Repository
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Letter ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Library science ,Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Political science ,Materials Chemistry ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European union ,media_common ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,3403 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry ,34 Chemical Sciences ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,European research ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,Physics - Applied Physics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Engineering and Physical Sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Scholarship ,Fuel Technology ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Research council ,3406 Physical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Here we use time-resolved and steady-state optical spectroscopy on state-of-the-art low- and high-bandgap perovskite films for tandems to quantify intrinsic recombination rates and absorption coefficients. We apply these data to calculate the limiting efficiency of perovskite-silicon and all-perovskite two-terminal tandems employing currently available bandgap materials as 42.0 % and 40.8 % respectively. By including luminescence coupling between sub-cells, i.e. the re-emission of photons from the high-bandgap sub-cell and their absorption in the low-bandgap sub-cell, we reveal the stringent need for current matching is relaxed when the high-bandgap sub-cell is a luminescent perovskite compared to calculations that do not consider luminescence coupling. We show luminescence coupling becomes important in all-perovskite tandems when charge carrier trapping rates are < 10$^{6}$ s$^{-1}$ (corresponding to carrier lifetimes longer than 1 $��$s at low excitation densities) in the high-bandgap sub-cell, which is lowered to 10$^{5}$ s$^{-1}$ in the better-bandgap-matched perovskite-silicon cells. We demonstrate luminescence coupling endows greater flexibility in both sub-cell thicknesses, increased tolerance to different spectral conditions and a reduction in the total thickness of light absorbing layers. To maximally exploit luminescence coupling we reveal a key design rule for luminescent perovskite-based tandems: the high-bandgap sub-cell should always have the higher short-circuit current. Importantly, this can be achieved by reducing the bandgap or increasing the thickness in the high-bandgap sub-cell with minimal reduction in efficiency, thus allowing for wider, unstable bandgap compositions (>1.7 eV) to be avoided. Finally, we experimentally visualise luminescence coupling in an all-perovskite tandem device stack through cross-section luminescence images., 20 pages, 5 figures
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- 2021
15. Targeting of HSP70/HSF1 Axis Abrogates In Vitro Ibrutinib-Resistance in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
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Serena Pizzo, Leonardo Martinello, Silvia Imbergamo, Anna Maria Brunati, Andrea Visentin, Edoardo Ruggeri, Nayla Mouawad, Filippo Severin, Livio Trentin, Valentina Trimarco, Francesco Piazza, Elisa Pagnin, Sabrina Manni, Samuela Carraro, Monica Facco, Federica Frezzato, Alessia Tonini, and Stefano Pravato
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Cancer Research ,Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ,Drug resistance ,phenols ,HSF1 ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,drug-resistance ,In vivo ,immune system diseases ,Heat shock protein ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,medicine ,Bruton's tyrosine kinase ,HSP70 ,RC254-282 ,biology ,business.industry ,Ibrutinib ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,medicine.disease ,Oncology ,chemistry ,Apoptosis ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,chronic lymphocytic leukemia ,business - Abstract
Simple Summary The use of ibrutinib has changed the management and clinical history of patients with multiple-treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Nevertheless, an increasing number of patients develop resistance to treatment, with mechanisms still to be fully clarified. Since HSP70 plays a pivotal role in mediating the survival and the progression of CLL, we herein addressed the role of HSP70 and its regulator HSF1 in the development of ibrutinib-mediated resistance. We found an increase in both proteins when the treatment was failing, and thus the disease was progressing. This suggests the involvement of HSP70 in mechanisms of drug resistance. Moreover, we demonstrated that the use, at different levels, of HSP70/HSF1 axis inhibitors could represent a novel rational therapeutic approach to overcome ibrutinib resistance in those patients who relapsed after this type of treatment. Abstract The Btk inhibitor ibrutinib has significantly changed the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Despite its clinical efficacy, relapses occur, and outcomes after ibrutinib failure are poor. Although BTK and PLCγ2 mutations have been found to be associated with ibrutinib resistance in a fair percentage of CLL patients, no information on resistance mechanisms is available in patients lacking these mutations. The heat shock protein of 70 kDa (HSP70) and its transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) play a role in mediating the survival and progression of CLL, as well as taking part in drug resistance in various cancers. We demonstrated that resveratrol and related phenols were able to induce apoptosis in vitro in leukemic cells from CLL untreated patients by acting on the HSP70/HSF1 axis. The same was achieved in cells recovered from 13 CLL patients failing in vivo ibrutinib treatment. HSP70 and HSF1 levels decreased following in vitro treatment, correlating to apoptosis induction. We suggest an involvement of HSP70/HSF1 axis in controlling resistance to ibrutinib in CLL cells, since their inhibition is effective in inducing in vitro apoptosis in cells from ibrutinib refractory patients. The targeting of HSP70/HSF1 axis could represent a novel rational therapeutic strategy for CLL, also for relapsing patients.
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- 2021
16. Optical and Electronic Properties of Colloidal CdSe Quantum Rings
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Thierry Barisien, Akshay Rao, Violette Steinmetz, Mustafa Çaǧlar, Raj Pandya, Malgorzata Nguyen, Laurent Legrand, Yun Liu, Edoardo Ruggeri, Samuel D. Stranks, Richard H. Friend, Neil C. Greenham, Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi, Jeffrey Mc Hugh, Nicolas Gauriot, James Xiao, and Tomi Baikie
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Materials science ,Photoluminescence ,Phonon ,Exciton ,Population ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Quantum yield ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Molecular physics ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Physics - Chemical Physics ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,General Materials Science ,Emission spectrum ,Surface charge ,education ,Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph) ,education.field_of_study ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Quantum Physics ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,General Engineering ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,Physics - Applied Physics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,0104 chemical sciences ,Femtosecond ,0210 nano-technology ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) - Abstract
Luminescent colloidal CdSe nanorings are a new type of semiconductor structure that have attracted interest due to the potential for unique physics arising from their non-trivial toroidal shape. However, the exciton properties and dynamics of these materials with complex topology are not yet well understood. Here, we use a combination of femtosecond vibrational spectroscopy, temperature-resolved photoluminescence (PL), and single particle measurements to study these materials. We find that on transformation of CdSe nanoplatelets to nanorings, by perforating the center of platelets, the emission lifetime decreases and the emission spectrum broadens due to ensemble variations in the ring size and thickness. The reduced PL quantum yield of nanorings (~10%) compared to platelets (~30%) is attributed to an enhanced coupling between: (i) excitons and CdSe LO-phonons at 200 cm-1 and (ii) negatively charged selenium-rich traps which give nanorings a high surface charge (~-50 mV). Population of these weakly emissive trap sites dominates the emission properties with an increased trap emission at low temperatures relative to excitonic emission. Our results provide a detailed picture of the nature of excitons in nanorings and the influence of phonons and surface charge in explaining the broad shape of the PL spectrum and the origin of PL quantum yield losses. Furthermore, they suggest that the excitonic properties of nanorings are not solely a consequence of the toroidal shape but are also a result of traps introduced by puncturing the platelet center., Comment: 38 pages, 10 figures
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- 2020
17. Electroluminescence and Dark Lock-In Thermography for the Quality Assessment of Metal-Wrap-Through Solar Devices
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Miro Zeman, Edoardo Ruggeri, Bas B. Van Aken, and Olindo Isabella
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Failure analysis ,Materials science ,radiation imaging ,Energy Efficiency ,020209 energy ,Energy / Geological Survey Netherlands ,Infrared imaging ,solar energy ,Electrical resistance measurement ,02 engineering and technology ,Electroluminescence ,electroluminescence ,Solar energy ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Electrical conductor ,Energy ,infrared imaging ,Equivalent series resistance ,Quality assessment ,business.industry ,Spatially resolved ,Photovoltaic system ,Radiation imaging ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,failure analysis ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Thermography ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Imaging techniques, like electroluminescence and dark lock-in thermography, are valuable quality control tools as they yield quantitative and spatially resolved information about the device. In this paper, we isolated some of the conductive foil–cell interconnections of back-contact solar cells to study the appearance of these intentional failures in electroluminescence, dark lock-in thermography, and series resistance images. It has been found that isolated emitter-to-foil contacts are clearly visible in the three imaging techniques, as they show characteristic features that deviate from the features typical of functioning emitter-to-foil dots. Isolated base-to-foil contacts are instead invisible in the images obtained by electroluminescence and only hardly visible in the images obtained by the other two techniques. Only after a large amount of contacts are isolated, a local current redistribution or drastic series resistance increase is noticeable. Two graphical methods for the automatic identification of isolated emitter-to-foil contacts in electroluminescence, dark lock-in thermography, and series resistance images were also designed, showing a success rate of 97% in the investigated cells. Such techniques could represent useful tools for implementation in inline quality control processes. Moreover, the techniques and conclusions drawn in this paper can be extended to a large number of other conventional and emerging photovoltaic technologies.
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- 2018
18. Halide Perovskites: Low Dimensions for Devices
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Samuel D. Stranks, Emmanouil Manidakis, Constantinos C. Stoumpos, Claudine Katan, Edoardo Ruggeri, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Materials science ,Nanowire ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Halide ,New materials ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Surface conditions ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,Photovoltaics ,Materials Chemistry ,[CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography ,[PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat] ,Perovskite (structure) ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Engineering physics ,Material development ,0104 chemical sciences ,[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry ,Fuel Technology ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
International audience; Celebrating 10 years from the technological revolution brought about by the first report of halide perovskite solar cells, Symposium G of the EMRS Spring Meeting 2019 was dedicated to the memory of the late George C. Papavassiliou (Figure 1), a vibrant pioneer in the early days of the field during the 1990s. The Symposium, entitled "Halide Perovskites: low dimensions for devices", to reflect the important potential of these tunable semiconductors in technology, was designed with the intention of bringing together researchers from across all breadths and lengths of the field. From the discovery of new materials to the study of their photophysical properties-from both theory and experiment viewpoints-to more technical studies related to the implementation of perovskites into functional devices, the Symposium highlighted most aspects of the perovskite research that have been actively studied to date. In this respect, the symposium proved successful in providing key opportunities for discussions on progress in new material development as well as to introduce new potential applications beyond optoelectronics, with energy-related developments standing out. Among the 12 invited talks the 56 oral presentations and its 38 poster presentations (including a joint session with Symposium B-Emerging photovoltaics: strategies for more stable devices), the Symposium delivered lively discussion stimulated by the invited researchers who delineated the different themes of the Symposium. B. Lounis showed how the exciton-phonon coupling operates in perovskites, presenting an excellent account on the photo-physics of halide perovskite nanocrystals at the single-particle level 1. On a more applied topic, M. Bodnarchuk explained the intricacies of the synthesis and emission tuning of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals, showing how much the interface interactions between the inorganic perovskite and the organic surfactants can influence the properties, and proposed innovative methodologies on how to control the interactions 2. On the "phonon problem", R. Schaller presented a "high-throughput" study of many perovskite derivatives, experimentally pinpointing the anharmonic nature of the phonons that derive from the dynamically disordered nature of the crystal lattice 3. P. Plochocka covered the excitons present in the perovskites and highlighted very vividly how to manipulate excitons using (enormous) magnetic fields and extract useful information on their binding energy and lifetimes within the perovskite structure 4. Shifting the dimensionality to perovskite nanowires, the presentation of E. Horvath introduced many innovative methods to produce functional perovskite nanowires that can be shaped "at will" to various morphologies, by manipulating the substrate pattern and the surface conditions 5. Figure I.
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- 2019
19. Influence of Grain Size on Phase Transitions in Halide Perovskite Films
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Kyle Frohna, Paulina Plochocka, Edoardo Ruggeri, Kangyu Ji, Camille Stavrakas, Edward P. Booker, Robert Kudrawiec, Krzysztof Galkowski, Samuel D. Stranks, Szymon J. Zelewski, Sebastian Mackowski, Stranks, SD [0000-0002-8303-7292], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
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Phase transition ,Materials science ,Strain (chemistry) ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Halide ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Grain size ,0104 chemical sciences ,[PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con] ,photovoltaics ,strain ,Photovoltaics ,Chemical physics ,phase transition ,halide perovskites ,General Materials Science ,optoelectronic properties ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Perovskite (structure) - Abstract
International audience; Grain size in polycrystalline halide perovskite films is known to have an impact on the optoelectronic properties of the films, but its influence on their soft structural properties and phase transitions is unclear. Here, temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction, absorption, and macro- and micro-photoluminescence measurements are used to investigate the tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition in thin methylammonium lead iodide films with grain sizes ranging from the micrometer scale down to the tens of nanometer scale. It is shown that the phase transition nominally at approximate to 150 K is increasingly suppressed with decreasing grain size and, in the smallest grains, the first evidence of a phase transition is only seen at temperatures as low as approximate to 80 K. With decreasing grain size, an increasing magnitude of the hysteresis is also seen in the structural and optoelectronic properties when cooling to, and then upon heating from, 100 K. This work reveals the remarkable sensitivity of the optoelectronic, physical, and phase properties to the local environment of the perovskite structure, which will have large ramifications for phase and defect engineering in operating devices.
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- 2019
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20. Controlling the Growth Kinetics and Optoelectronic Properties of 2D/3D Lead–Tin Perovskite Heterojunctions
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Edoardo Ruggeri, Samuel D. Stranks, Anna Abfalterer, Sebastian Mackowski, Caterina Ducati, Felix Utama Kosasih, Géraud Delport, Miguel Anaya, Krzysztof Galkowski, Ruggeri, Edoardo [0000-0002-2866-0612], Kosasih, Felix [0000-0003-1060-4003], Ducati, Caterina [0000-0003-3366-6442], Stranks, Samuel [0000-0002-8303-7292], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Diffraction ,Photoluminescence ,Materials science ,heterojunction ,perovskites ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Crystal structure ,low-dimensional ,010402 general chemistry ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Photovoltaics ,General Materials Science ,Perovskite (structure) ,business.industry ,4. Education ,Mechanical Engineering ,Heterojunction ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,photovoltaics ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Optoelectronics ,photoluminescence ,Crystallite ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Tin - Abstract
Halide perovskites are emerging as valid alternatives to conventional photovoltaic active materials owing to their low cost and high device performances. This material family also shows exceptional tunability of properties by varying chemical components, crystal structure, and dimensionality, providing a unique set of building blocks for new structures. Here, highly stable self-assembled lead–tin perovskite heterostructures formed between low bandgap 3D and higher bandgap 2D components are demonstrated. A combination of surface-sensitive X-ray diffraction, spatially resolved photoluminescence, and electron microscopy measurements is used to reveal that microstructural heterojunctions form between high bandgap 2D surface crystallites and lower bandgap 3D domains. Furthermore, in situ X-ray diffraction measurements are used during film formation to show that an ammonium thiocyanate additive delays formation of the 3D component and thus provides a tunable lever to substantially increase the fraction of 2D surface crystallites. These novel heterostructures will find use in bottom cells for stable tandem photovoltaics with a surface 2D layer passivating the 3D material, or in energy transfer devices requiring controlled energy flow from localized surface crystallites to the bulk.
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- 2019
- Full Text
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21. Layered mixed tin–lead hybrid perovskite solar cells with high stability
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Andrew J. Pearson, Henry J. Snaith, Kelly Schutt, Edoardo Ruggeri, Samuel D. Stranks, Franklin Jaramillo, Zhiping Wang, and Daniel Ramirez
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Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Continuous operation ,Photovoltaic system ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Nitrogen ,Stability (probability) ,0104 chemical sciences ,Fuel Technology ,Formamidinium ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Caesium ,Materials Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,Tin ,Perovskite (structure) - Abstract
For neat Pb perovskites, two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskites, where n layers of inorganic material are separated by a long-chain organic cation, generally exhibit greater stability but have lower photovoltaic performance characteristics, motivating the study of 2D/3D mixed-dimension systems to realize both high efficiency and stability. In this Letter, we demonstrate such optimal compromise between performance and stability using formamidinium, cesium, and t-butylammonium as A-site cations with Pb:Sn mixed-metal low-band-gap perovskites. Perovskite solar cells based on n = 4 and 5 lead–tin perovskites achieved power conversion efficiencies of up to 9.3 and 10.6%, respectively, and correspondingly retained 47 and 29% of their initial efficiency during storage in nitrogen for 2000 h. A similar stability trend for n = 4 over n = 5 was also observed for unencapsulated devices during continuous operation under a combined air atmosphere and temperature for 10 h, resulting in improved stability over the 3D lead–tin counterpart.
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- 2018
22. A Highly Emissive Surface Layer in Mixed‐Halide Multication Perovskites
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Richard H. Friend, Kilian Lohmann, Stuart Macpherson, Dengyang Guo, Ravichandran Shivanna, Sebastian Mackowski, Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi, Kyle Frohna, Aditya Sadhanala, Edoardo Ruggeri, Krzysztof Galkowski, Elizabeth M. Tennyson, Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi, Miguel Anaya, Tom J. Savenije, and Samuel D. Stranks
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Materials science ,Photoluminescence ,Band gap ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,photoinduced ion migration ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,time-resolved spectroscopy ,symbols.namesake ,halide perovskites ,luminescence ,General Materials Science ,passivation ,Surface layer ,Perovskite (structure) ,Auger effect ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Charge density ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Formamidinium ,Mechanics of Materials ,symbols ,Optoelectronics ,Quantum efficiency ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Mixed-halide lead perovskites have attracted significant attention in the field of photovoltaics and other optoelectronic applications due to their promising bandgap tunability and device performance. Here, the changes in photoluminescence and photoconductance of solution-processed triple-cation mixed-halide (Cs0.06MA0.15FA0.79)Pb(Br0.4I0.6)3 perovskite films (MA: methylammonium, FA: formamidinium) are studied under solar-equivalent illumination. It is found that the illumination leads to localized surface sites of iodide-rich perovskite intermixed with passivating PbI2 material. Time- and spectrally resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that photoexcited charges efficiently transfer to the passivated iodide-rich perovskite surface layer, leading to high local carrier densities on these sites. The carriers on this surface layer therefore recombine with a high radiative efficiency, with the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the film under solar excitation densities increasing from 3% to over 45%. At higher excitation densities, nonradiative Auger recombination starts to dominate due to the extremely high concentration of charges on the surface layer. This work reveals new insight into phase segregation of mixed-halide mixed-cation perovskites, as well as routes to highly luminescent films by controlling charge density and transfer in novel device structures.
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- 2019
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