1. Diagnostic workup for postmenopausal bleeding
- Author
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N. Reesink-Peters, N. van Hanegem, P. M. A. J. Geomini, Marlies Y. Bongers, M. H. Zafarmand, P. J. M. van Kesteren, Anne Timmermans, G. C R van Hoecke, Brent C. Opmeer, L. F. van der Voet, R. Catshoek, S. Veersema, S. A. Slockers, Johanna M.A. Pijnenborg, M. C. Breijer, F. P.H.L.J. Dijkhuizen, J.A.F. Huirne, B.W.J. Mol, M.H.A. van Hooff, Other departments, AR&D - Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Global Health, Public and occupational health, APH - Methodology, Clinical Research Unit, APH - Quality of Care, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, APH - Aging & Later Life, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Obstetrics and gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), APH - Societal Participation & Health, EMGO - Quality of care, ICaR - Ischemia and repair, Obstetrie & Gynaecologie, RS: GROW - R4 - Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, MUMC+: MA Medische Staf Obstetrie Gynaecologie (9), and Obstetrics & Gynecology
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Endometrial carcinoma ,Malignancy ,03 medical and health sciences ,endometrial polyp ,0302 clinical medicine ,Obstetrics and gynaecology ,Obstetrics and Gynaecology ,medicine ,Atypia ,Endometrial Polyp ,Journal Article ,education ,Gynecology ,education.field_of_study ,hysteroscopy ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Hysterectomy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,endometrial sampling ,Endometrial cancer ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,medicine.disease ,Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 17] ,Hysteroscopy ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of hysteroscopy for the detection and treatment of endometrial polyps versus expectant management in women with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB), a thickened endometrium and benign endometrial sampling.DESIGN: Multicentre, randomised controlled trial.SETTING: Three academic hospitals and nine non-academic teaching hospitals in the Netherlands.POPULATION: Women with PMB, an endometrial thickness >4 mm and benign result from endometrial sampling.METHODS: Women were randomised to either further diagnostic workup by hysteroscopy (preceded by saline infusion sonography) or expectant management.MAIN OUTCOMES: The primary outcome measure was recurrence of PMB within a year after randomisation. Secondary outcome measures were time to recurrent bleeding and recurrent bleeding after more than 1 year. In the hysteroscopy group, the presence of polyps and the results of their histology were registered.RESULTS: Between January 2010 and October 2013, 200 women were randomised; 98 to hysteroscopy and 102 to expectant management. Within 1 year a total of 15 women (15.3%) in the hysteroscopy group experienced recurrent bleeding, versus 18 (18.0%) in the expectant management group (relative risk 0.85 (95% CI 0.46-1.59). In the hysteroscopy group, 50/98 (51%) polyps were diagnosed of which 6/98 (6%) showed evidence of endometrial (pre)malignancy; final pathology results after hysterectomy showed three women with hyperplasia with atypia and three women with endometrial cancer.CONCLUSION: In women with PMB, a thickened endometrium and benign endometrial sampling, operative hysteroscopy does not reduce recurrent bleeding. Hysteroscopy detected focal endometrial (pre)malignancy in 6% of women who had benign endometrial sampling. This finding indicates that in these women, further diagnostic workup is warranted to detect focal (pre)malignancies, missed by blind endometrial sampling.TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: In women with PMB, hysteroscopy does not reduce recurrent bleeding but is warranted to detect focal malignancy.
- Published
- 2017
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