1. Fecal Sludge Management : Diagnostics and Guidelines for Sservice Delivery in Urban Areas
- Author
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World Bank Group
- Subjects
SEPTIC TANKS ,WASTE DISPOSAL SITES ,DRAINS ,SANITATION POLICIES ,FLUSH LATRINES ,WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS ,URBAN AREA ,RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS ,DISPOSAL SITE ,URBAN HOUSEHOLDS ,EXTERNALITIES ,GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION ,WATER ,SEWERAGE NETWORKS ,PUBLIC FACILITIES ,PIT LATRINE ,LAND USE ,POPULATION GROWTH ,SEWERAGE ,WATER SUPPLY CONNECTIONS ,URBAN DRAINAGE ,SANITATION POLICY ,VALUES ,EFFECTIVE SANITATION ,URBANIZATION ,CHAMBER POT ,SANITATION FACILITY ,INCENTIVES ,OPTIONS ,WATER TARIFF ,SANITATION COVERAGE ,DRAINAGE CHANNELS ,LATRINES ,PITS ,WILLINGNESS TO PAY ,SEWERAGE SYSTEMS ,PRIVATE COSTS ,USERS ,DRAIN ,DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY ,NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY ,WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ,WELLS ,MODELS ,WATER MANAGEMENT ,WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARDS ,SUBSIDIES ,URBAN COMMUNITIES ,ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION ,LEAKAGE ,SANITATION ,VARIABLE COSTS ,POLLUTION ,SANITARY FACILITIES ,PRICES ,SURFACE WATER ,STREAMS ,WASTE FLOWS ,CONNECTIONS ,SANITATION SECTOR ,TREATMENT PLANT ,SANITATION SOLUTIONS ,DRAINAGE NETWORK ,ENVIRONMENT ,SANITATION PROMOTION ,PUMPING STATIONS ,WATER SUPPLIES ,DRINKING WATER ,SANITATION SYSTEMS ,NATIONAL WATER ,URBAN GROWTH ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,WASTE MANAGEMENT ,POPULATION DENSITIES ,LOCAL GROUNDWATER ,RESIDENTIAL HOUSING ,SEWER CONNECTION ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,PROPERTY ,DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ,LATRINE PITS ,ENVIRONMENTS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,DOMESTIC WATER ,SANITATION OPTIONS ,GROUNDWATER ,WASTEWATER TREATMENT ,DIVIDENDS ,RESOURCES ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,DEMAND ,PUBLIC GOOD ,SANITATION FACILITIES ,LATRINE SUPERSTRUCTURE ,ACCESS TO SANITATION ,EFFECTIVE DEMAND ,SOLID WASTE COLLECTION ,SANITATION PROBLEM ,WTP ,SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ,ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION ,CHLORINE ,POLICY ENVIRONMENT ,WASTE COLLECTION ,SANITATION SERVICES ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,NETWORK ,DRAINAGE SYSTEMS ,URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT ,UTILITY ,SAFE WATER ,ACCESS TO SEWERAGE ,SANITATION ACCESS ,GROUND WATER ,TARIFFS ,REGULATORY AGENCY ,TOILETS ,SAFE OPERATION ,SEWAGE TREATMENT ,URBAN RESIDENTS ,PIT LATRINES ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,INFILTRATION ,APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY ,REVENUE ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,EQUITY ,HYGIENE ,CONVENTIONAL SEWERAGE ,BUCKET LATRINES ,TREATMENT FACILITIES ,LAND ,URBAN WATER ,HUMAN EXCRETA ,CONNECTION ,UTILITIES ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,DIARRHEAL DISEASE ,SANITATION DEVELOPMENT ,LATRINE ,DRAINAGE SYSTEM ,URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION ,RESIDENTIAL AREAS ,DRY LATRINES ,SEPTIC TANK ,PRIVATE GOODS ,SAFE DISPOSAL ,WATER SUPPLY ,SANITATION PROGRAM ,LATRINE PIT ,PUBLIC GOODS ,SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ,DOMESTIC WELLS ,FLUSH TOILETS ,WATER RESOURCES ,ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ,URBAN AREAS ,SANITATION SERVICE ,WASTE DISPOSAL ,RAPID URBANIZATION ,USER CHARGES ,URBAN SANITATION ,REGULATORY SYSTEMS ,TOILET - Abstract
Urban sanitation remains a significant challenge for most low- and middle-income countries. While sanitation coverage has been increasing across both the 48 least developed countries (LDCs) and developing regions as a whole, progress has been relatively slow. In many cities, even where improved on-site facilities are used to contain excreta, the level of quality and access to services for the emptying, conveyance, treatment, and disposal of the resulting fecal sludge is usually limited. These services are collectively called fecal sludge management (FSM) services. FSM services are the focus of this study, within the broader context of urban sanitation and integrated urban water management (IUWM). This document provides a summary of the diagnostic tools developed for assessing FSM services and is based on field work carried out in the five cities of Balikpapan in Indonesia, Dhaka in Bangladesh, Hawassa in Ethiopia, Lima in Peru, and Santa Cruz in Bolivia. It summarizes the tools themselves, lessons learnt about their use, and general policy recommendations.
- Published
- 2016