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The majority of economists are convinced that globalization necessarily entails the decline of welfare states. To neoclassical economists and to certain Marxist and radical authors as well, globalization eventually signifies the end of welfare states and the convergence towards a liberal-residual social model. Any explanation of the neoliberal policy reorientation must therefore both measure developments and establish the reasons for the change and for the persistence of differences. Sweden, Switzerland, and even New Zealand have long been famous for their capacity to adapt in a positive way to the international economy and for their skill in creating a social consensus that allows a relatively equitable distribution of national revenue. The relationship between economic globalization and the need to “downsize social protection” is principally based on economic arguments. The transformation of social policy in New Zealand clearly illustrates the most radical neo-liberal path.