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Relative pupillary afferent disorder (RAPD) plays a crucial role in diagnosing optic nerve dysfunction. This paper introduces an innovative equipment design with a high-speed pupil detection algorithm and a binocular independent stimulation optical path. The proposed algorithm utilizes the grayscale characteristics of the pupil region to achieve rapid and accurate pupil detection and tracking. Initially, a pupil threshold is estimated using eigenvalues, enabling the calculation of the pupil centroid. Subsequently, leveraging the unique characteristics of the pupil region, a dynamic tracking algorithm, a second-order partial derivative threshold algorithm, and a pupil diameter extraction algorithm are employed to precisely locate the centroid. By incorporating a binocular independent stimulus light path design, the algorithm overcomes limitations associated with the current measurement equipment. The experimental results demonstrate the algorithm's high robustness and fast detection speed, meeting the tracking speed requirement of 1250 frames per second for a single eye. These advancements have the potential to significantly enhance the diagnosis and assessment of optic nerve dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although we point out a link between tourism management strategies and tree mortality, other factors, such as natural ecological differences (e.g. in climate, soil quality, and tree use by other species) and primate group sizes should be considered in future research. The results show that dead trees can be used as an indicator in risk monitoring at primate ecotourism sites and that tree mortality is lower at sites with science-based tourism management. Keywords: dead trees; risk monitoring; tourism EN dead trees risk monitoring tourism 103 105 3 03/29/23 20230201 NES 230201 Primate ecotourism has become an important conservation tool. [Extracted from the article]

The design and synthesis of functional coordination polymers is motivated not only by their structural beauty but also by their potential applications. ZnII and CdII coordination polymers are promising candidates for producing photoactive materials because these d10 metal ions not only possess a variety of coordination numbers and geometries, but also exhibit luminescence properties when bound to functional ligands. It is difficult to predict the final structure of such polymers because the assembly process is influenced by many subtle factors. Bis(imidazol-1-yl)-substituted alkane/benzene molecules are good bridging ligands because their flexibility allows them to bend and rotate when they coordinate to metal centres. Two new ZnII and CdII coordination polymers based on mixed ligands, namely, poly[[μ2-1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene-κ2 N3: N3′]bis(μ3-2,2-dimethylbutanoato-κ3 O1: O4: O4′)dizinc(II)], [Zn2(C6H8O4)2(C14H14N4)] n, and poly[[μ2-1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene-κ2 N3: N3′]bis(μ3-2,2-dimethylbutanoato-κ5 O1, O1′: O4, O4′: O4)dicadmium(II)], [Cd2(C6H8O4)2(C14H14N4)] n, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Both complexes crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/ c with similar unit-cell parameters and feature two-dimensional structures formed by the interconnection of S-shaped Zn(Cd)-2,2-dimethylsuccinate chains with 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene bridges. However, the CdII and ZnII centres have different coordination numbers and the 2,2-dimethylsuccinate ligands display different coordination modes. Both complexes exhibit a blue photoluminescence in the solid state at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of impacted supernumerary teeth in 115 patients., Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients with im-pacted supernumerary teeth who were admitted to the Department of Oral and Max-illofacial Surgery of Hefei Stomatological Hospital were selected randomly. The age, sex, number of teeth, location, direction, clinical manifestation, anaes-thesia method and operation time were analyzed retrospectively, T test and Chi-square test were used to determine the statistical differences with SPSS 19.0 software package., Results: Among 115 patients, there were 176 impacted supernu-merary, most of them were in mixed dentition period (66.96%), the sex ratio was 2.29:1, and Most patients (59.1%) had one supernumerary tooth, followed by two supernumerary teeth(33.9%). Most supernumerary teeth were located in the middle of the maxilla (68.2%). Inverted ones were the most common (52.8%). The most common symptoms were delayed eruption, displacement, crowding, torsion and space of the adjacent teeth. 92.2% of patients underwent general anesthesia. The dee-per the locations of impacted supernumerary were, the longer the operation time was., Conclusions: There are regional characteristics of supernumerary teeth in Hefei City, which can provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Golden snub-nosed monkeys ( Rhinopithecus roxellana ), as typical arboreal group-living Old World monkeys, provide an appropriate animal model to research manual laterality and explore the factors affecting hand preference in nonhuman primates. This study investigated hand preference based on 63 subjects and four spontaneous manual tasks (including unimanual and bimanual feeding and grooming), and assessed the effects of age, gender and type of task on handedness in R. roxellana . A population-level left-handedness was found not only in the bimanual coordinated tasks (bimanual feeding and grooming), but also in one unimanual reaching task (unimanual feeding). There were no significant differences between the sexes in either direction or strength of hand preference among any task. However, a significant difference between adults and juveniles was found in the unimanual feeding task. This is the first report on handedness in unimanual and bimanual feeding tasks that require bipedal posture in wild R. roxellana . Furthermore, this study demonstrated spontaneous feeding tasks reported previously only in the quadrupedal posture in this species, supporting the importance of factors such as posture and task complexity in the evolution of primate manual lateralization.

Two new coordination polymers, namely, poly[[μ 3 -3-(1 H -benzimidazol-2-yl)propionato]zinc(II)], [Zn(C 10 H 8 N 2 O 2 )] n , ( 1 ), and poly[bis-[μ 2 -3-(1 H -benzimid-azol-2-yl)propionato]cadmium(II)], [Cd(C 10 H 8 N 2 O 2 ) 2 ] n , ( 2 ) have been synthesized from 3-(1 H -benzoimidazol-2-yl)propanoic acid ligands through a mixed-ligand synthetic strategy under a solvothermal environment, and studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in the ortho-rhom-bic space group Pbca and features a two-dimensional structure formed by a binuclear Zn 2 O 4 core. Complex 2 , however, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / c and forms a one-dimensional chain structure. The Zn II and Cd II ions have different coordination numbers and the 3-(1 H -benzoimidazol-2-yl)propano-ate ligands display different coordination modes. The structures reported here show the importance of the selection of metal ions and suitable ligands.

The design and synthesis of functional coordination polymers is motivated not only by their structural beauty but also by their potential applications. Zn(II) and Cd(II) coordination polymers are promising candidates for producing photoactive materials because these d(10) metal ions not only possess a variety of coordination numbers and geometries, but also exhibit luminescence properties when bound to functional ligands. It is difficult to predict the final structure of such polymers because the assembly process is influenced by many subtle factors. Bis(imidazol-1-yl)-substituted alkane/benzene molecules are good bridging ligands because their flexibility allows them to bend and rotate when they coordinate to metal centres. Two new Zn(II) and Cd(II) coordination polymers based on mixed ligands, namely, poly[[μ2-1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene-κ(2)N(3):N(3')]bis(μ3-2,2-dimethylbutanoato-κ(3)O(1):O(4):O(4'))dizinc(II)], [Zn2(C6H8O4)2(C14H14N4)]n, and poly[[μ2-1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene-κ(2)N(3):N(3')]bis(μ3-2,2-dimethylbutanoato-κ(5)O(1),O(1'):O(4),O(4'):O(4))dicadmium(II)], [Cd2(C6H8O4)2(C14H14N4)]n, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Both complexes crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c with similar unit-cell parameters and feature two-dimensional structures formed by the interconnection of S-shaped Zn(Cd)-2,2-dimethylsuccinate chains with 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene bridges. However, the Cd(II) and Zn(II) centres have different coordination numbers and the 2,2-dimethylsuccinate ligands display different coordination modes. Both complexes exhibit a blue photoluminescence in the solid state at room temperature.