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Kemal Kef,1 Selis Güven2 1Department of ENT, Private Kesan Hospital, Edirne, Turkey; 2Department of ENT, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, TurkeyCorrespondence: Kemal KefDepartment of ENT, Private Kesan Hospital, Edirne, TurkeyTel +90 532 701 70 86Email dr.kemalkef@gmail.comIntroduction: Allergic rhinitis is a common disease in Turkey. However, there are not enough studies on its prevalence. Survey-based studies conducted by experienced and qualified researchers to large populations provide information about the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and risk factors associated with it.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and related factors in university students in Anatolia.Methods: An extended and modified form of “The European Community Respiratory Health Survey” was conducted to university students in Turkey. The data were obtained through a face-to-face interview method. R version 4.0.2 was used for statistical analysis. Data were presented as frequency and percentage. Chi-squared test of independence was used to analyze the relationship between allergic rhinitis diagnosis and other variables. Statistically significant variables were further analyzed with multivariate logistic regression test.Results: Data was collected from a total of 2020 participants, but 1714 participants were eligible for multivariate analysis. The mean age of the participants was 20.71 ± 3.12 years; 42.88 (n= 735) were male, and 57.12% (n= 979) were female. While the rate of those who thought that they had nasal allergies was 23.862% (n = 409), the rate of those diagnosed by a doctor was 15.986% (n = 274). The most common allergic symptom in the participants was sneezing, and the most common triggering factor was house dust.Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of 15.986% doctor diagnosed allergic rhinitis among university students in Anatolia. Genetic, environmental and economic factors were associated with high prevalence of allergic rhinitis.Keywords: allergic rhinitis, allergy, epidemiology, prevalence, questionnaire, Anatolia

Objective: Worker fatalities is a concept that encompasses all deaths occurring during the execution of a profession, which is undertaken to sustain a person’s livelihood, due to the physical and psychological effects of the work. The aim of this study is to examine various parameters in cases aged 65 and over, aiming to reveal the level, form, and causes of occupational accidents and fatalities in the geriatric population. Through this, the study aims to contribute to the literature by shedding light on the exposure level, form, and causes of occupational accidents and fatalities among the geriatric population. Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 86 cases of work-related deaths among the population aged 65 and over in Turkey in 2020, which were reported in the national print and visual media. Results: Of the examined 86 worker fatalities, it was found that 77.9% (n=67) were in the age range of 65-74 years, 88.4% (n=76) of the cases were male, and accidents were the leading cause of death in 72.1% (n=62) of cases. When examined in terms of location distribution, it was found that 43.0% (n=37) occurred in rural areas. Conclusion: In our country, the number of individuals in the geriatric population participating in the workforce is higher compared to developed countries. Consequently, occupational fatalities among the geriatric workforce are also higher. Policies implemented in Europe and America for the aging workforce should be observed, and regular health check-ups should be ensured.

OBJECTIVE: The patient's age, gender and the presence of certain concomitant diseases have been reported to play a part in the course and progression of COVID-19 in the literature. In this study, we aimed to compare the comorbidities causing mortality in critically ill Intensive Care Unit (ICU)-patients diagnosed with COVID-19. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data as regards the COVID-19 cases followed up in the ICU were retrospectively reviewed. 408 COVID-19 patients with positive PCR test were included in the study. In addition, a subgroup analysis was performed in patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. While the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in survival rates due to comorbidities in critical COVID-19 patients, we also aimed to assess the comorbidities in severely intubated COVID-19 patients in terms of mortality. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in mortality was observed in patients with underlying hematologic malignancy and chronic renal failure (p=0.027, 0.047). Body mass index value in the mortal group was significantly higher in both the general study group and subgroup analysis (p=0.004, 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Advanced age and comorbidities such as chronic renal failure and hematologic malignancy in COVID-19 patients are associated with poor survival prognosis in critically ill COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:Cases of intoxication are among preventable public health problems. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the pediatric patients between the ages of 0-18 who applied to the hospital due to intoxication and to discuss them in the light of national and international literature.Methods:The files of 293 pediatric patient due to intoxication in our pediatric emergency medicine clinic between 2016-2021 were reviewed retrospectively.Results:Of 293 pediatric patients aged 0-18 years, who applied to the pediatric emergency service due to intoxication, 153 (52.22%) were female and 140 (47.78%) were male, attempting suicide, conscious/pleasure use, and drawing attention. When the intoxication cases that occurred were examined, it was determined that the majority of them occurred between the ages of 12-18, and all of the intoxication cases with intention of suicide attempt (n=60) o between the ages of 12-18.Conclusion:Intoxication cases both in our country and in the world are known to be among the preventable causes of death. In terms of preventing these cases, it is important to raise awareness as a result of effective scientific training at the community, family and individual level. In terms of health policies, limiting the sale and use of non-prescription drugs, not keeping the corrosive substances, cleaning agents and insecticides used in the house in areas where children can easily reach, and making the outer packaging of them in a way that cannot be opened easily will make a great contribution in terms of preventing possible accidents.

The current global landscape has been marked by a series of factors, such as the US-China trade war, disintegration in the European Union (EU), the refugee crisis, and the pandemic, which have impeded the process of globalization. However, similar situations have been experienced in the past, such as colonization, the Great Depression, and the Cold War. The world has experienced periods of globalization (Globalization I, II, and III) as well as periods of deglobalization (Deglobalization I and II). There have been discussions about whether the current decade is experiencing deglobalization and its effects. In this context, the present study aims to investigate the effects of deglobalization on economic growth in 34 OECD countries during the period 2000-2019, in various dimensions. Using panel data analysis, the results indicate that trade and social deglobalization have a negative impact on economic growth, while financial deglobalization and the subdimensions of social deglobalization have a positive influence on growth. Additionally, the study reveals that political globalization is not significantly associated with economic growth. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate on the current state of globalization and its effects on economic development.

Introduction: Patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD) who receive intravenous therapy requiring hospitalization are likely to be more affected than those with receiving oral therapy during COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on adherence to treatment in patients with CIRD receiving intravenous treatments.

Finansal Sektörde yaşanan krizler neticesinde küresel ölçekli birçok banka iflas noktasına gelmiştir. Bunlardan bazıları devletler eliyle kurtarılmış ancak bu kurtarma süreci ekonomiye ve dolayısıyla vergi ödeyenlere önemli ölçüde yük getirmiştir. Diğer taraftan, batış sürecine giren bankalar da kredilendirme tarafında reel sektörü ciddi biçimde etkilediği için batık bankaların ekonomi üzerindeki maliyeti de önemli boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Dolayısıyla özellikle global finans krizinden sonraki dönemde Bankacılıkta makro ihtiyatlı politikalar çerçevesinde Bankaların iflas noktasına gelmeden önce alınan tedbirlerle batmasının önü alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu anlamda bankaların iflas noktasına gelmesinde ortaya çıkacak maliyet önem kazanmış ve bu alanda çalışmalar yapılmıştır.Son yıllarda yabancı literatürde olası bir çözümleme durumunda karşı karşıya kalınacak maliyetlerinin hesaplanmasına yönelik çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Araştırmalarımızda, çözümlemenin maliyetleri konusunda Türkçe ve Türk Bankacılık sektörü hakkında çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türk bankacılık sektörünün bir çözümleme süreci ile karşı karşıya kalması durumunda meydana gelebilecek çözümleme maliyetinin hesaplanması hedeflenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, hesaplan çözümleme maliyetlerinin 2004 yılından 2015 yılına kadar önemli ölçüde artış eğilimi gösterdiği görülmektedir. 2015’ten sonra dönemde hesaplanan çözümleme maliyetinde bir düşüş eğilimi görülmekte olup Basel 3 standartlarına uyum çalışmaları çerçevesinde Bankaların özkaynak ve SYR’lerinin yüksek tutulmasına ilişkin yapılan ilave sermaye tamponları bulundurulması benzeri düzenlemelerin etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Amaç: Sedoanaljezi eşliğinde entübasyon olmadan video yardımlı torakoskopik cerrahi (VATS) son on yılda minimal invaziv prosedürler için giderek daha popüler bir cerrahi teknik haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise, sedasyon veya torasik epidural anestezi kullanılamayan hastalarda sadece lokal anestezi ile uygulanan video yardımlı torakoskopi tekniğinin sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2009-2019 yılları arasında, genel anestezi riski yüksek olarak sınıflandırılarak uyanık halde video yardımlı torakoskopik cerrahi yapılan 43 hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi. 10 ml izotonik ile sulandırılan 10 ml %0,5 bupivakain, cilt altına ve kas içine uygulandı. 15 dakika sonra 10 mm 0 derece videotorakoskop için toraksa tek bir port insizyonunu takiben VATS uygulandı. Yaş, cinsiyet, başvuru yakınmaları, lateralite, efüzyon tipi, sitoloji sonuçları, hastaların komorbiditeleri, hastanede kalış süresi, efüzyon miktarı, ameliyat süresi ve patoloji sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 67,32 (45-85) olan kırk üç hastanın 23’ü erkek, 20’si kadındı. En sık yakınma (n = 40) dispne idi. 22 sol ve 21 sağ hemitoraksa VATS uygulandı. 39 hidrotoraks, 4 pnömotoraks olgusu vardı. Hidrotoraks tanılı olgulardan drene edilen ortalama sıvı miktarı 1311 ml (400-4000 ml) idi. Bül nedeniyle pnömotoraks gelişen 2 olguya wedge rezeksiyon yapıldı. Hiçbir hastaya kas gevşetici veya sedasyon verilmedi. Sonuç: Uyanık VATS seçilmiş hastalarda, kas gevşetici ve sedoanaljezi gerektirmediğinden güvenli bir tekniktir.

Objective:Sexual abuse means the sexual exploitation of an individual, who is described as a child in the international treaties and national legal texts, by adults. The present study aims to reach the profile of our region, Turkey, concerning child abuse through the features of the victims applying to the center to reveal the possible differences by comparing the studies in the literature, and to define the additional risk factors to the ones known.Methods:Our study was conducted in Trabzon Child Protection and Advocacy Center. The children who applied during a period of one and a half year, between January 2015 and June 2016, were included in this study. This study involved the retrospective evaluation of the records kept by the center.Results:In this study, 86 (83.5%) of children were girl, 17 (16.5%) of them were boy, and the girl/boy ratio was 0.19. Regarding the age groups, 19 (18.4%) of them were nine years old or younger; 37 (35.9%) of them were between 10 and 14 years old; 47 (45.6 %) of them were 15 years old and older. While the youngest age identified in our study was four, the oldest child age was 18. The average age was 13.11±3.817 years.Conclusion:The findings obtained in this study suggest that in child abuse, the victim hides the abuse for years due to fear, threat or believing not to be relied on and to be humiliated. Thus, victims who suffer from recurrent abuses for long years come out.

Abstract This study discusses the trading behavior of foreign investors with respect to economic uncertainty in the South Korean stock market from a time-varying perspective. We employ a news-based measure of economic uncertainty along with the model of time-varying parameter vector autoregression with stochastic volatility. The empirical analysis reveals several new findings about foreign investors’ trading behaviors. First, we find evidence that positive feedback trading often appears during periods of high economic uncertainty, whereas negative feedback trading is exclusively observable during periods of low economic uncertainty. Second, the foreign investors’ feedback trading appears mostly to be well-timed and often leads the time-varying economic uncertainty except in periods of global crises. Third, lagged negative (positive) response of net flows to economic uncertainty is found to be coupled with lagged positive (negative) feedback trading. Fourth, the study documents an asymmetric response of foreign investors with regard to negative and positive shocks of economic uncertainty. Specifically, we find that they instantly turn to positive feedback trading after a negative contemporaneous response of net flows to shocks of economic uncertainty. In contrast, they move slowly toward negative feedback trading after a positive response of net flows to uncertainty shocks.

Aim: Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum and Abramson procedure for pectus carinatum are used as minimally invasive methods for surgical treatment of chest wall defomities. The aim of this study is to investigate the causes of bar-related complications, and to present technical details of their management. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent minimally invasive correction surgery with the diagnosis of pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum between 2011-2020 in our clinic were included in this study. The surgical treatments, bar related complications, and follow-up records of patients were recorded and analyzed retrospectively. Results: 141 patients with a mean age of 16.08 ± 4.38 were included in the study. Postoperative bar-related complications were encountered in 28 (19.8%) of all patients. There were no life-threatening early or late complications. The most common complication was skin reaction in 7 (4.9%) cases. Conclusion: Bar-related complications are problems that can cause morbidity and disrupt patient comfort, thus management of complications should be focused on.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible links between macroeconomic factors and financial distress in Turkey. Design/methodology/approach Based on the 2009/1-2016/2 quarterly data of macroeconomic factors and the number of filings for bankruptcy postponement, econometric models are developed using forward stepwise regression and classical regression methods to determine the factors influencing financial distress. A vector error correction model is also developed using macroeconomic factors found significant in both methods to investigate the interactions of financial distress with them. Findings In the stepwise regression implementation, performed with 16 independent variables, statistically significant variables entered into the model are industrial production index with negative sign as expected and the unemployment rate with negative sign against the expectations. In the classical regression implementation, performed with 7 independent variables, statistically significant variables are ex ante real interest rate with positive sign and gross domestic product with negative sign as expected and money supply with negative sign against the expectations. The impulse response graphics of a vector error correction model involving bankruptcy postponement, industrial production index and nominal interest rate indicates that bankruptcy postponement is influenced by the shocks both in itself and in industrial production index. Originality/value This is the first study in Turkey investigates macroeconomic determinants of financial distress

Amaç: Pektus ekskavatum çocuklarda en sık görülen doğumsal göğüs duvarı anomalisidir. Bu çalışmada minimal invaziv cerrahi yapılan pektus ekskavatum hastalarında akciğer hacimlerinin kantitatif BT volumetri ile araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Etik kurul onayı alındıktan sonra, Ocak 2012 ile Şubat 2018 tarihleri arasında minimal invaziv pektus ekskavatum cerrahisi yapılmış hastalar retrospektif olarak tarandı. Preoperatif ve postoperatif BT incelemesi bulunan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. BT görüntüleri iş istasyonuna aktarılarak akciğer hacimleri ve Haller indeksleri hesaplandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların 11 erkek, 1 kadın ortalama yaşları 16,3 ± 3,7 bulundu. Postoperatif akciğer hacimlerinde anlamlı düzeyde artış saptandı. Total akciğer hacimlerindeki ortalama artış 695 ± 691 ml idi. Preoperatif Haller indeksi ortalaması 3,1’den 2,7’ye düştü ve arada anlamlı fark vardı p=0,002 . Sonuç: Kantitatif BT volumetri, minimal invaziv cerrahi yapılan pektus ekskavatum hastalarında akciğer hacmindeki değişiklikleri değerlendirilmesinde yararlı bilgiler sağlamaktadır