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Resumen Introducción. La arveja (Pisum sativum L.) es una leguminosa de gran importancia para la economía campesina de la zona altoandina del departamento de Nariño, Colombia. La mayor parte de la producción de arveja en este departamento, se comercializa en vaina en fresco; sin embargo, es necesario fortalecer el mercado local de grano seco, para eso, se requiere de variedades adaptadas a las condiciones regionales. Objetivo. Evaluar quince genotipos de arveja por la estabilidad fenotípica del rendimiento en grano seco, en la zona productora de Nariño. Materiales y métodos. Entre el 2013 y 2014, se evaluaron quince genotipos de arveja en tres ambientes de Nariño. Los experimentos se establecieron con un diseño de bloques completos al azar y cuatro repeticiones. Para el análisis de estabilidad de rendimiento en grano seco se utilizó el modelo GGE biplot. Resultados. En el análisis de varianza, a través de los tres ambientes, se presentaron efectos significativos (p

In Nariño, the climbing pea varieties, due to their high production capacity, are unable to stand upright despite the use of trellising systems, resulting in lodging and losses in yield and product quality. A viable option to mitigate the problem is the use of climbing genotypes with the afila gene that replaces leaves with tendrils, favoring the grip of the plants on the strings that serve as tutors. In search of a solution to this problem, the adaptability and phenotypic stability for green pod yield of 20 climbing pea lines with the afila gene and the normal-leaf controls Obonuco Andina and Sindamanoy were evaluated in five municipalities in the southern part of the department of Nariño. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used at each location. The data obtained were analyzed using the Eberhart and Russell and AMMI models. In the Eberhart and Russell model, the most favorable environments were Puerres and Gualmatán and the most unfavorable environment was Potosí. Lines GR15, GR10 and the Sindamanoy variety were selected as high yielding, adaptable and predictable. The analysis of variance for the AMMI model indicated a high environmental effect, resulting from contrasting environments and low diversity between the lines with the afila gene evaluated. The selection index (GSIi) obtained from the stability value (ASV) and the classification by yield, allowed the identification and selection in order of merit of the genotypes Obonuco Andina, GR15, GR14, GR28, GR10, GR2, GR23, Sindamanoy and GR3 as those with the highest stability and yield. The coincidence in selection between the Eberhart and Russell and AMMI models was 33,3%., En Nariño, las variedades de arveja voluble, debido a su alta capacidad productiva, no logran mantenerse erguidas a pesar del uso de sistemas de tutorado, lo que genera acame y pérdidas en el rendimiento y la calidad del producto. Una opción viable para mitigar el problema es el uso de genotipos volubles con el gen afila que reemplaza hojas por zarcillos, favoreciendo el agarre de las plantas sobre las cuerdas que sirven de tutores. En busca de una solución a este problema, se evaluó la adaptabilidad y estabilidad fenotípica para el rendimiento en vaina verde de 20 líneas de arveja voluble con el gen afila y los testigos de hoja normal Obonuco Andina y Sindamanoy en cinco municipios del sur del departamento de Nariño. En cada localidad se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron utilizando los modelos de Eberhart y Russell y AMMI. En el modelo de Eberhart y Russell, los ambientes más favorables fueron Puerres y Gualmatán y el ambiente más desfavorable fue Potosí. Las líneas GR15, GR10 y la variedad Sindamanoy fueron seleccionadas como de alto rendimiento, adaptables y predecibles. El análisis de varianza para el modelo AMMI indicó un alto efecto ambiental resultante de ambientes contrastantes y baja diversidad entre las líneas con el gen afila evaluadas. El índice de selección (GSIi) obtenido a partir del valor de estabilidad (ASV) y la clasificación por rendimiento, permitió la identificación y selección por orden de mérito de los genotipos Obonuco Andina, GR15, GR14, GR28, GR10, GR2, GR23, Sindamanoy y GR3 como los de mayor estabilidad y rendimiento. La coincidencia en la selección entre los modelos Eberhart y Russell y AMMI fue del 33,3%. &nbsp

Yabani kirazın (Prunus avium) Türkiye’deki altı popülasyonundan aile bazında tohum toplanmış ve bu tohumlardan yetiştirilen fidanlar ile üç deneme alanı (Demirköy, İzmit ve Safranbolu) kurulmuştur. Birinci yılın sonunda örneklenen 6 popülasyona ait 95 aileden oluşan fidanlarda boy ve kök boğazı çapı ölçülmüş, tomurcuk açma ise gözlenmiştir. Toplanan veriler ile özelliklere ait genetik parametreler tahmin edilmiştir.Özelliklerin tamamında hem popülasyonlar arası hem de popülasyonlar içi, aileler arası önemli düzeyde varyasyon bulunmuştur. Deneme alanı popülasyon etkileşimi istatistik olarak önemsiz bulunurken, deneme alanı aile etkileşimi istatistik olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Popülasyon düzeyinde bakıldığında; popülasyonların üç deneme alanında da benzer boy, kök boğazı çapı ve tomurcuk açma gelişimi (sıralama) gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Bireysel kalıtım dereceleri tek tek deneme alanlarında 0,32- 1,09 arasında tahmin edilmiş, üç deneme alanı birlikte değerlendirildiğinde ise 0,27-0,59 arasında değişmiştir. Türkiye’de ilk kez tahmin edilen genetik parametrelerin, yabani kirazın ıslahı ve gen korumasına hizmet edeceği düşünülmektedir., Six populations of wild cherry (Prunus avium) in Turkey were sampled and seeds were collected based on family. Three experimental areas (Demirköy, İzmit, and Safranbolu) were established with the grown seedlings from seeds of each family. Genetic parameters were estimated using data for height, root collar diameter, and bud burst of seedlings of 95 families belonging to six populations sampled at the end of the first year. For all traits, a significant variation was found between families both between population and within-population. While population-environment (experimental area) interaction was insignificant, family-environment (experimental area) interaction was statistically significant. When viewed at the population level, it was understood that populations showed similar height, root collar diameter, and bud burst in three experimental areas. Individual heritabilities were estimated between 0.32 and 1.09 for every single experimental area and 0.27 and 0.59 for combined analyses of three experimental areas. Genetic parameters that were estimated for the first time in Turkey have been expected to serve the breeding and gene conservation of wild cherry.

Resumen Introducción. La evaluación y selección de nuevas especies forrajeras con atributos apropiados de producción y calidad es una estrategia segura y eficaz para mejorar la eficiencia de los sistemas de producción de leche en Colombia. Objetivo. Describir el proceso de desarrollo y las principales características de Altoandina, nueva variedad de avena forrajera. Materiales y métodos. Durante el segundo semestre de 2016 se realizó una prueba de evaluación agronómica (PEA) en cuatro localidades de la subregión Altiplano Cundiboyacense y en cuatro localidades de la subregión Altiplano de Nariño, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con dos genotipos de avena forrajera AV25-S y AV25-T y tres variedades (Avenar, Cajicá, Cayuse). Resultados. AV25-S y AV25-T presentaron: tolerancia al volcamiento, a diferencia de los tres testigos que mostraron un volcamiento superior al 30 %; resistencia a la roya de la hoja y del tallo y rendimiento de forraje verde de 64,6 y 65,3 t ha-1, respectivamente, superior al obtenido en Avenar (55,5), en Cajicá (43,7) y en Cayuse (59,1). Conclusión. AV25-T por su tolerancia a volcamiento, resistencia a la roya de la hoja y del tallo y rendimiento de forraje verde superior a las variedades comerciales, fue inscrita en el sistema nacional de cultivares como nueva variedad forrajera denominada Altoandina, con recomendación para la subregión Altiplano Cundiboyacense y Altiplano de Nariño. Abstract Introduction. The evaluation and selection of new fodder species with appropriate production and quality attributes is a safe and effective strategy to improve the efficiency of milk production systems in Colombia. Objective. To describe the development process and the main characteristics of Altoandina, a new variety of fodder oats. Materials and methods. During the second half of 2016, an agronomic assessment test (PEA) was carried out in four locations in the Altiplano Cundiboyacense subregion and in four locations in the Altiplano of Nariño subregion, in a randomized complete block design, with two genotypes of fodder oats AV25-S and AV25-T and three varieties (Avenar, Cajica, Cayuse). Results. AV25-S and AV25-T showed: tolerance to overturn unlike the three controls that showed a overturn of more than 30%, resistance to leaf and stem rust, and green forage performance of 64.6 and 65.3 t ha-1, respectively, higher than that obtained in Avenar (55.5), Cajica (43.7) and Cayuse (59.1). Conclusion. AV25-T for its tolerance to overturning, resistance to leaf and stem rust and green fodder yield superior to commercial varieties, was registered in the national cultivar system as a new fodder variety called Altoandina, with recommendation for the Cundiboyacense Altiplano and Nariño Altiplano.

Background: The contribution of gene-environment interactions that lead to excessive aggression is poorly understood. Environmental stressors and mutations of the gene encoding tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) are known to influence aggression. For example, TPH2 null mutant mice (Tph2−/−) are naturally highly aggressive, while heterozygous mice (Tph2+/−) lack a behavioral phenotype and are considered endophenotypically normal. Here we sought to discover whether an environmental stressor would affect the phenotype of the genetically ‘susceptible’ heterozygous mice (Tph2+/−). Methods: Tph2+/− male mice or Tph2+/+ controls were subjected to a five-day long rat exposure stress paradigm. Brain serotonin metabolism and the expression of selected genes encoding serotonin receptors, AMPA receptors, and stress markers were studied. Results: Stressed Tph2+/− mice displayed increased levels of aggression and social dominance, whereas Tph2+/+ animals became less aggressive and less dominant. Brain tissue concentrations of serotonin, its precursor hydroxytryptophan and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were significantly altered in all groups in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala, hippocampus and dorsal raphe after stress. Compared to non-stressed animals, the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptophan was elevated in the amygdala though decreased in the other brain structures. The overexpression of the AMPA receptor subunit, GluA2, and downregulation of 5-HT6 receptor, as well as overexpression of c-fos and glycogen-synthase-kinase-3β (GSK3-β), were found in most structures of the stressed Tph2+/− mice. Limitations: Rescue experiments would help to verify causal relationships of reported changes. Conclusions: The interaction of a partial TPH2 gene deficit with stress results in pathological aggression and molecular changes, and suggests that the presence of genetic susceptibility can augment aggression in seemingly resistant phenotypes. © 2020 The Authors 602805 Seventh Framework Programme, FP7 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: CRC TRR 58 A1/A5 Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 728018 Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 15-04-03602 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR The authors’ work reported here was supported Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG: CRC TRR 58 A1/A5), the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under Grant No. 602805 (Aggressotype) and the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant No. 728018 (Eat2beNICE) (to KPL and TS), the “5-100” Russian Academic Excellence Project (to KPL and TS) and the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR Grant No. 15-04-03602 to TS). We appreciate the valuable technical help of Dr. Joao Costa-Nunes and Dolores Bonopartos with this project.

Introduction. The pea (Pisum sativumL.) is a legume crop of great importance for the peasant economy in the high Andean zone of the department of Nariño, Colombia. Most of the pea production in this department is marketed as fresh pods; however, it is necessary to strengthen the local dry bean market, which requires varieties adapted to regional conditions.Objective.To evaluate fifteen pea genotypes for phenotypic stability of dry grain yield, in the Nariño production zone.Materials and methods.Between 2013 and 2014, fifteen pea genotypes were evaluated in three Nariño environments. The experiments were established with a randomized complete block design and four replicates. The GGE biplot model was used for dry grain yield stability analysis.Results.In the analysis of variance across the three environments, there were significant effects (p

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Soybean is a central culture whose grain productivity stands out thanks to advances in genetic improvement. The aims recommended to soybean improvement include reaching high grain productivity, stability and adaptability to diverse environments. The research this study presents aimed at studying genotype environment interaction in regard to grain productivity feature, assessing seven soybean genotypes adaptability and phenotypic stability, and selecting lineages of high productivity, adaptability and stability. Five early-cycle soybean lineages developed by Universidade Federal de Uberlândia s genetic improvement program and two testimonies (UFUS Guarani and M-SOY6101) were evaluated. The evaluation took place in seven environments located in the states of Goiás (Palmeiras de Goiás during 2011/12 and 2012/13 harvests; in Urutaí during 2010/11 and 2011/12 harvests; and in Goiatuba during 2011/12 harvests) and Bahia (in Luís Eduardo Magalhães during 2011/12 and 2012/13 harvests). Experiments were designed as random full blocks with three replications. Each unity was made of five rows of soy plant; and each row was five-meter long with a half-meter long space between them. It was taken as useful parcel two central rows minus a halfmeter long cut at their extremities. The character studied was grain productivity, which was measured in kilos per hectare. Methodologies for the analysis of adaptability and stability included both Eberhart and Russel (1966) and Lin and Binns (1988), as modified by Carneiro (1998), besides AMMI analysis. During the experiments the average grain productivity reached 2,739.26 kilos per hectare. Conjoint variance analysis results reveal relevant effects as to genotype environment interaction in connection with grain productivity feature. This result justifies the study of such interaction and grain productivity, which was considered mostly as being of the complex type. L01V13 genotype and UFUS Guarani cultivar showed great adaptation when considered in the light of the methodology of Eberhart and Russel (1966) and the methodology of Lin and Binns (1988) as modified by Carneiro (1998). UFUS cultivar presented high stability in the AMMI analysis. For the most part these methodologies are complementary. When applied as a set, they may increase reliability in the classification and indication of soybean cultivars for certain environments. A soja é uma cultura agrícola importante que se destaca na produtividade de grãos devido ao avanço do melhoramento genético. Dentre os objetivos preconizados para o melhoramento da soja, está a obtenção de alta produtividade de grãos, estabilidade e adaptabilidade a ambientes distintos. A pesquisa descrita nesta dissertação objetivou estudar a interação genótipos por ambientes para o caráter produtividade de grãos, avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de sete genótipos de soja e selecionar linhagens com alta produtividade, ampla adaptabilidade e alta estabilidade. A avaliação abrangeu cinco linhagens de soja de ciclo precoce desenvolvidas pelo programa de melhoramento genético de soja da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, além de duas testemunhas (UFUS Guarani e M-SOY6101), em sete ambientes localizados em Goiás (em Palmeiras de Goiás safra 2011/12 e safra 2012/13; em Urutaí safra 2010/11 e safra 2011/12; em Goiatuba safra 2011/12) e na Bahia (em Luís Eduardo Magalhães safra 2011/12 e safra 2012/13). Os ensaios foram instalados em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. Cada unidade experimental foi constituída por quatro linhas de plantas de soja, com cinco metros de comprimento cada uma, espaçadas em 0,5 m. Consideraram-se como parcela útil as duas fileiras centrais, com eliminação de 0,5 m de cada extremidade. O caráter estudado foi a produtividade de grãos (kg ha 1). Foram utilizadas as metodologias de análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade Eberhart e Russel (1966) e Lin e Binns (1988) modificada por Carneiro (1998) e a análise AMMI (Additive main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Model). A produtividade média das cultivares nos ensaios foi de 2.739,26 kg ha 1 de grãos. O resultado da análise de variância conjunta mostrou efeitos significativos ao se estudar a interação genótipos por ambientes através do caráter produtividade de grãos, que foi predominantemente classificada em tipo complexa. O genótipo L01V13 e a cultivar UFUS Guarani apresentaram adaptação ampla pela metodologia de Eberhart e Russel (1966) e Lin e Binns (1988) modificada por Carneiro (1998). A cultivar UFUS Guarani apresentou alta estabilidade pela análise AMMI. As metodologias em geral se completam e, quando usadas conjuntamente, podem aumentar a confiança na classificação e indicação de cultivares de soja para ambientes determinados. Mestre em Agronomia

The genotype by environment interaction (IGA) is the main limitation to select the best genotypes for different environments. The objective of this study was to use the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model to evaluate the IGA of 25 varieties of starchy maize. The information was generated in four trials established in contrasting environments in the province of Tayacaja, Peru, in the 2019-2020 crop cycle. The 5x5 alpha lattice design was used, with three replications, where the experimental units consisted of two rows 4 m long, with spatial arrangements of 0.80 m between rows and 0.20 m between planting points. The IGA was measured through the grain yield, adjusted to 15% humidity. Once the importance of the IGA in the experiments was verified, the multivariate analysis was carried out, to obtain the singular values ​​of the AMMI terms that were significant for genotypes and environments. The IGA was highly significant and explained around 33% of the phenotypic variation in performance. The AMMI model explained around 92% of the variation due to the IGA, where the first two axes concentrated all this variation and allowed to identify varieties with specific adaptation and others with broad adaptation to the test environments. The results suggest that the AMMI model was appropriate to evaluate the IGA and to identify the best varieties for each test environment. La interacción genotipo por ambiente (IGA) resulta la principal limitante para seleccionar los mejores genotipos para diversos ambientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue utilizar el modelo de efectos principales aditivos e interacción multiplicativa (AMMI) para evaluar la IGA de 25 variedades de maíz amiláceo. La información fue generada en cuatro ensayos establecidos en ambientes contrastantes de la provincia de Tayacaja, Perú, en el ciclo del cultivo 2019 – 2020. Se utilizó el diseño alfa látice 5x5, con tres repeticiones, en donde las unidades experimentales estuvieron constituidas por dos hileras de 4 m de longitud, con arreglos espaciales de 0,80 m entre hileras y 0,20 m entre puntos de siembra. La IGA se midió a través del rendimiento de grano, ajustado a 15 % de humedad. Una vez comprobada la importancia de la IGA en los experimentos, se realizó el análisis multivariado, para obtener los valores singulares de los términos AMMI que resultaron significativos para genotipos y ambientes. La IGA resultó altamente significativa y explicó alrededor del 33 % de la variación fenotípica del rendimiento. El modelo AMMI explicó alrededor del 92 % de la variación debida a la IGA, en donde los dos primeros ejes concentraron toda esta variación y permitieron identificar variedades con adaptación específica y otras con amplia adaptación a los ambientes de prueba. Los resultados sugieren que el modelo AMMI fue apropiado para evaluar la IGA y para identificar las mejores variedades para cada ambiente de prueba.

El trigo pan (Triticum aestivum L.) es el tercer cultivo en importancia en producción total en Córdoba, después de maíz y soja. El rinde en una región determinada es la resultante de la interacción entre factores ecológicos, tecnológicos y genéticos. En este sentido, la red de evaluación territorial de trigo de la región centro – sur de Córdoba (CSC) tiene por objetivos: a) evaluar el comportamiento productivo y calidad comercial de las variedades de trigo de ciclo largo – intermedio en diferentes ambientes de la región y b) identificar nuevas variedades con potencial de rinde, estabilidad y calidad a través de un manejo sustentable del sistema. La red estuvo compuesta de siete sitios experimentales ubicados en lugares representativos para abarcar la variabilidad agroecológica del CSC. Los experimentos fueron realizados en macroparcelas sembradas en espejo con 2 repeticiones. Las variedades evaluadas fueron: MS INTA 119, Baguette 750, Baguette 620, ACA 360, 365, Cedro, Algarrobo, Ñandubay, Arslak, Basilio y Guayabo. En cada sitio experimental se midió densidad de plantas logradas, cantidad de espigas, rendimiento, humedad del grano, peso hectolítrico, proteína y peso de 1000 granos. También se registraron las precipitaciones, temperaturas máximas y mínimas del aire y heladas. Las variedades con mejor performance de rendimiento según el rinde índice fueron Baguette 750, MS INTA 119, Basilio y Baguette 620. El Baguette 750 mostró una tendencia a mejorar su potencial a medida que el ambiente desmejora (b = 0.90). Las variedades Baguette 620 y MS INTA 119 mostraron un comportamiento estable entre ambientes (b ~ 0.99) mientras que Basilio expresó un comportamiento mejor en ambientes de alto potencial (b = 1.17). La correlación entre el rendimiento y el número de granos por variedad fue altamente significativa para todas las variedades. La correlación entre el rinde y el número de granos por espiga y espigas por m-2 mostró una relación diferente entre variedades siendo Guayabo y ACA 360 los más correlacionados (r > 0.8) para granos por espiga y Ñandubay, Baguette 620 y MS INTA 119 para espigas por m-2. El contenido de proteína fue variable entre variedades siendo ACA 360 y Ñandubay los más destacados. Por el contrario, el peso hectolítrico mostró menos variabilidad entre variedades siendo Baguette 750 el genotipo de mejor comportamiento. EEA Marcos Juárez Fil: Videla Mensegue, H. R. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Agencia De Extensión Rural Laboulaye; Argentina Fil: Salafia, Analía Grisel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Agencia De Extensión Rural Laboulaye; Argentina Fil: Genero, Marcela Iris. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Agencia De Extensión Rural Huinca Renanco; Argentina Fil: Donadio, Horacio Raul. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Agencia de Extensión Rural Adelia María; Argentina Fil: Muñoz, Sebastián Andrés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Agencia de Extensión Rural Adelia María; Argentina Fil: Pietrantonio, Julio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Agencia De Extensión Rural Bell Ville; Argentina Fil: Pagnan, Luis Federico. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Agencia De Extensión Rural Justiniano Posse; Argentina Fil: Anselmi, Henry Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Agencia De Extensión Rural La Carlota; Argentina Fil: Feresin, Patricio Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Agencia De Extensión Rural La Carlota; Argentina Fil: Donaire, Guillermo Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentina. Fil: Mir, Leticia Raquel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentina. Fil: Chialvo, Eugenia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentina.

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la producción acumulada anual de materia seca de materiales de raigrás en diez (10) localidades durante el período 2018-20. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria General Villegas Fil: Méndez, Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria General Villegas; Argentina Fil: Frigerio, Karina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis; Argentina Fil: Ruiz, María de los Angeles. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Laura María Celia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; Argentina Fil: Romero, Luis Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Barbera, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes; Argentina. Fil: Ré, Alejo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; Argentina. Fil: Gallego, Juan José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior; Argentina Fil: Neira Zilli, Fernanda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior; Argentina Fil: Otondo, José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chascomús; Argentina Fil: Cicchino, Mariano Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chascomús; Argentina Fil: Bailleres, Matias Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chascomús; Argentina Fil: Melani, Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chascomús; Argentina Fil: Lavandera, Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Forrajes; Argentina.

El objetivo fue evaluar la relación entre temperatura media, agua recibida y número de días de heladas, registradas durante el ciclo de evaluación, con la interacción genotipo x ambiente para la variable acumulación de forraje en diez cultivares comerciales (4 diploides y 6 tetraploides) de raigrás anual en diez localidades de Argentina. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria General Villegas Fil: Méndez, Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria General Villegas; Argentina Fil: Frigerio, Karina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis; Argentina Fil: Ruiz, María de los Angeles. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Laura María Celia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; Argentina Fil: Romero, Luis Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Barbera, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes; Argentina Fil: Ré, Alejo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; Argentina. Fil: Gallego, Juan José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior; Argentina Fil: Neira Zilli, Fernanda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior; Argentina Fil: Otondo, José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chascomús; Argentina Fil: Cicchino, Mariano Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chascomús; Argentina Fil: Bailleres, Matias Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chascomús; Argentina Fil: Melani, Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chascomús; Argentina Fil: Lavandera, Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Forrajes; Argentina.

Introduction.The evaluation and selection of new fodder species with appropriate production and quality attributes is a safe and effective strategy to improve the efficiency of milk production systems in Colombia.Objective.To describe the development process and the main characteristics of Altoandina, a new variety of fodder oats.Materials and methods.During the second half of 2016, an agronomic assessment test (PEA) was carried out in four locations in the Altiplano Cundiboyacense subregion and in four locations in the Altiplano of Nariño subregion, in a randomized complete block design, with two genotypes of fodder oats AV25-S and AV25-T and three varieties (Avenar, Cajica, Cayuse).Results.AV25-S and AV25-T showed: tolerance to overturn unlike the three controls that showed a overturn of more than 30%, resistance to leaf and stem rust, and green forage performance of 64.6 and 65.3 t ha-1, respectively, higher than that obtained in Avenar (55.5), Cajica (43.7) and Cayuse (59.1).Conclusion.AV25-T for its tolerance to overturning, resistance to leaf and stem rust and green fodder yield superior to commercial varieties, was registered in the national cultivar system as a new fodder variety called Altoandina, with recommendation for the Cundiboyacense Altiplano and Nariño Altiplano. Introducción.La evaluación y selección de nuevas especies forrajeras con atributos apropiados de producción y calidad es una estrategia segura y eficaz para mejorar la eficiencia de los sistemas de producción de leche en Colombia.Objetivo.Describir el proceso de desarrollo y las principales características de Altoandina, nueva variedad de avena forrajera.Materiales y métodos.Durante el segundo semestre de 2016 se realizó una prueba de evaluación agronómica (PEA) en cuatro localidades de la subregión Altiplano Cundiboyacense y en cuatro localidades de la subregión Altiplano de Nariño, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con dos genotipos de avena forrajera AV25-S y AV25-T y tres variedades (Avenar, Cajicá, Cayuse).Resultados.AV25-S y AV25-T presentaron: tolerancia al volcamiento, a diferencia de los tres testigos que mostraron un volcamiento superior al 30 %; resistencia a la roya de la hoja y del tallo y rendimiento de forraje verde de 64,6 y 65,3 t ha-1, respectivamente, superior al obtenido en Avenar (55,5), en Cajicá (43,7) y en Cayuse (59,1).Conclusión.AV25-T por su tolerancia a volcamiento, resistencia a la roya de la hoja y del tallo y rendimiento de forraje verde superior a las variedades comerciales, fue inscrita en el sistema nacional de cultivares como nueva variedad forrajera denominada Altoandina, con recomendación para la subregión Altiplano Cundiboyacense y Altiplano de Nariño.

The main technical parameters of four improved guinea pig genotypes currently available and subjected to two feeding systems (mixed and integral) during the growth stage were evaluated. Ninety-six newly weaned male guinea pigs (15 ± 3 days) belonging to the genotypes: Cieneguilla-UNALM, Peru-INIA, Cuy G-IVITA/Mantaro/UNMSM, and Inkacuy-UCSS were used. Pelletized diets as well as water, were offered ad libitum for eight weeks, while forage (maize husks) was only supplied to the mixed treatments. A completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of eight treatments and three replicates of four animals in each was used. The factors were the genotype on the one hand, and the feeding system (mixed and integral) on the other hand. The results showed that, at the genotype level, Cieneguilla, Cuy G and Inkacuy recorded better weights and weight gains (p < 0.05) compared to Perú. Feed conversion favored (p < 0.05) the T2 treatment (Cieneguilla-integral); in general, the Cieneguilla-UNALM genotype performed better than the others; meanwhile, the systems with and without forage, except for intake that was higher in the first (p < 0.05), showed a similar behavior (p > 0.05). Resumen Se evaluaron los principales parámetros técnicos de cuatro genotipos de cuyes mejorados disponibles en la actualidad y sometidos a dos sistemas de alimentación (mixto e integral) durante la etapa de crecimiento. Se utilizaron 96 cuyes machos recién destetados (15 ± 3 días) pertenecientes a los genotipos: Cieneguilla-UNALM, Perú-INIA, Cuy G-IVITA/Mantaro/UNMSM e Inkacuy-UCSS. Las dietas peletizadas y el agua fueron ofrecidos ad libitum durante ocho semanas, mientras que el forraje (chala) solo se suministró a los tratamientos mixtos. Se utilizó un diseño completo al azar con arreglo factorial de ocho tratamientos y tres repeticiones de cuatro animales por cada repetición, donde los factores fueron el genotipo, por una parte, y el sistema de alimentación (mixto e integral), por otra. Los resultados indican que, a nivel de genotipos, Cieneguilla, Cuy G e Inkacuy registraron mejores pesos y ganancias de peso (p < 0,05) que el genotipo Perú. La conversión alimenticia favoreció (p < 0,05) al tratamiento T2 (Cieneguilla-integral); en general, el genotipo Cieneguilla-UNALM tuvo mejor desempeño que los demás, mientras que los sistemas con y sin forraje —con excepción del consumo que fue mayor en el primero (p < 0,05)— tuvieron un comportamiento similar (p > 0,05).

Gene-environment interaction (GxE) determines the vulnerability of an individual to a spectrum of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Increased impulsivity, excessive aggression, and other behavioural characteristics are associated with variants within the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2) gene, a key enzyme in brain serotonin synthesis. This phenotype is recapitulated in naïve mice with complete, but not with partial Tph2 inactivation. Tph2 haploinsufficiency in animals reflects allelic variation of Tph2 facilitating the elucidation of respective GxE mechanisms. Recently, we showed excessive aggression and altered serotonin brain metabolism in heterozygous Tph2-deficient male mice (Tph2+/−) after predator stress exposure. Here, we sought to extend these studies by investigating aggressive and anxiety-like behaviours, sociability, and the brain metabolism of dopamine and noradrenaline. Separately, Tph2+/− mice were examined for exploration activity in a novel environment and for the potentiation of helplessness in the modified swim test (ModFST). Predation stress procedure increased measures of aggression, dominancy, and suppressed sociability in Tph2+/− mice, which was the opposite of that observed in control mice. Anxiety-like behaviour was unaltered in the mutants and elevated in controls. Tph2+/− mice exposed to environmental novelty or to the ModFST exhibited increased novelty exploration and no increase in floating behaviour compared to controls, which is suggestive of resilience to stress and despair. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed significant genotype-dependent differences in the metabolism of dopamine, and norepinephrine within the brain tissue. In conclusion, environmentally challenged Tph2+/− mice exhibit behaviours that resemble the behaviour of non-stressed null mutants, which reveals how GxE interaction studies can unmask latent genetically determined predispositions. © 2020 The Authors. The authors' work reported here was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG:CRC TRR58A1/A5), DAAD (to ES), the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under Grant No.602805 (Aggressotype) and the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant No.728018 (Eat2beNICE) (to KPL and TS) and the President's program of PhD Exchange of RF-2017 (to TS and DA). We appreciate the valuable technical help of Natalia Bazhenova, Drs. Alexander Trofimov and Natalia Markova with this project.

Background Cold temperatures and their alleviation affect many plant traits including the abundance of protein coding gene transcripts. Transcript level changes that occur in response to cold temperatures and their alleviation are shared or vary across genotypes. In this study we identify individual transcripts and groups of functionally related transcripts that consistently respond to cold and its alleviation. Genes that respond differently to temperature changes across genotypes may have limited functional importance. We investigate if these genes share functions, and if their genotype-specific gene expression levels change in magnitude or rank across temperatures. Results We estimate transcript abundances from over 22,000 genes in two unrelated Zea mays inbred lines during and after cold temperature exposure. Genotype and temperature contribute to many genes’ abundances. Past cold exposure affects many fewer genes. Genes up-regulated in cold encode many cytokinin glucoside biosynthesis enzymes, transcription factors, signalling molecules, and proteins involved in diverse environmental responses. After cold exposure, protease inhibitors and cuticular wax genes are newly up-regulated, and environmentally responsive genes continue to be up-regulated. Genes down-regulated in response to cold include many photosynthesis, translation, and DNA replication associated genes. After cold exposure, DNA replication and translation genes are still preferentially downregulated. Lignin and suberin biosynthesis are newly down-regulated. DNA replication, reactive oxygen species response, and anthocyanin biosynthesis genes have strong, genotype-specific temperature responses. The ranks of genotypes’ transcript abundances often change across temperatures. Conclusions We report a large, core transcriptome response to cold and the alleviation of cold. In cold, many of the core suite of genes are up or downregulated to control plant growth and photosynthesis and limit cellular damage. In recovery, core responses are in part to prepare for future stress. Functionally related genes are consistently and greatly up-regulated in a single genotype in response to cold or its alleviation, suggesting positive selection has driven genotype-specific temperature responses in maize. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5134-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.