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349 results on '"Galli, Silvia"'

1. Review of Hubble tension solutions with new SH0ES and SPT-3G data

Author

Khalife, Ali Rida, Zanjani, Maryam Bahrami, Galli, Silvia, Günther, Sven, Lesgourgues, Julien, and Benabed, Karim

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

We present an updated analysis of eleven cosmological models that may help reduce the Hubble tension, which now reaches the $6\sigma$ level when considering the latest SH0ES measurement versus recent CMB and BAO data, assuming $\Lambda$CDM. Specifically, we look at five classical extensions of $\Lambda$CDM (with massive neutrinos, spatial curvature, free-streaming or self-interacting relativistic relics, or dynamical dark energy) and six elaborate models featuring either a time-varying electron mass, early dark energy or some non-trivial interactions in the neutrino sector triggered by a light Majoron. We improve over previous works in several ways. We include the latest data from the South Pole Telescope as well as the most recent measurement of the Hubble rate by the SH0ES collaboration. We treat the summed neutrino mass as a free parameter in most of our models, which reveals interesting degeneracies and constraints. We define additional metrics to assess the potential of a model to reduce or even solve the Hubble tension. We validate an emulator that uses active learning to train itself during each parameter inference run for any arbitrary model. We find that the time-varying electron mass and the Majoron models are now ruled out at more than $3\sigma$. Models with a time-varying electron mass and spatial curvature or with early dark energy reduce the tension to $1.0-2.9\sigma$. Nevertheless, none of the models considered in this work is favored with enough statistical significance to become the next concordance model of Cosmology., Comment: 53 pages, 15 figures. Matches accepted version in JCAP

Published
2023

2. Aseptic Silk Ligatures Induce Bone Resorption Around Titanium Implants: A 12-Week Pilot Study in Rabbits.

Author

Reinedahl, David, Galli, Silvia, Albrektsson, Tomas, Tengvall, Pentti, and Wennerberg, Ann

Subjects
DENTAL implants, BONE resorption, COMPLICATIONS of prosthesis, RESEARCH funding, MACROPHAGES, OSSEOINTEGRATION, TITANIUM, PILOT projects, POLYMERASE chain reaction, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, QUANTITATIVE research, ANIMAL experimentation, BACTERIAL diseases, MICROSCOPY, RABBITS, BIOMARKERS
Abstract

Purpose: Marginal bone resorption (MBR) around dental implants may sometimes be a self-limiting condition due to balancing immunologic reactions against utilized materials rather than a progressive bacterial infection. Contrary to previous assumptions from ligature-induced experimental peri-implantitis studies, a recent 8-week experiment by the present authors showed that marginal ligatures trigger an inflammatory immune response, resulting in bone resorption around implants in the absence of plaque. The present study aimed to investigate whether this inflammatory/immunologic reaction attenuates or progresses toward implant failure after a longer healing time (12 weeks). Materials and Methods: Sterile silk ligatures were placed around the top of titanium (Ti) implants and compressed against the femoral cortical bone plate of six rabbits. A nonligated implant was used as a control. After 12 weeks of submerged healing, ground sections of implants and surrounding tissues were investigated with light microscopy. The marginal soft tissues were also analyzed using selected quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) markers. Results: Histologically, the ligatures were outlined by immune cells, including multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs), with adjacent fibrous encapsulation and resorbed peripheral bone that contrasted from the osseointegrated nonligated control implants. The difference in expression of qPCR markers was not significant, but > two-fold upregulation of markers CDIIb, IL1β, ARG1, NCF1, and CD4 and > twofold downregulation of CD8 indicated a mild, focal inflammatory/immune response against the ligatures compared to controls, with upregulation of M1 and M2 macrophages, neutrophils, and helper T-cells as well as downregulation of killer T cells. Further, the bone formation markers OC and ALPL were > two-fold downregulated (consistent with the lack of osseointegration of the ligatures) compared to control implants. Conclusions: Marginal silk ligatures trigger an inflammatory/immune response and aseptic bone resorption around implants. Compared to the previous 8-week study, the inflammatory reaction against the silk appears to attenuate with time, with only a mild persisting inflammation that may block osseointegration; instead, a fibrous tissue encapsulation-type reaction is maintained. This may explain why traditional ligature experiments have required regular exchange of ligatures for the bone resorption to progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Accurate CMB covariance matrices: exact calculation and approximations

Author

Camphuis, Étienne, Benabed, Karim, Galli, Silvia, Hivon, Éric, and Lilley, Marc

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Accurate covariance matrices are required for a reliable estimation of cosmological parameters from pseudo-power spectrum estimators. In this work, we focus on the analytical calculation of covariance matrices. We consider the case of observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background in temperature and polarization on a small footprint such as in the SPT-3G experiment, which observes 4% of the sky. Power spectra evaluated on small footprints are expected to have large correlations between modes, and these need to be accurately modelled. We present, for the first time, an algorithm that allows an efficient (but computationally expensive) exact calculation of analytic covariance matrices. Using it as our reference, we test the accuracy of existing fast approximations of the covariance matrix. We find that, when the power spectrum is binned in wide bandpowers, current approaches are correct up to the 5% level on the SPT-3G small sky footprint. Furthermore, we propose a new approximation which improves over the previous ones reaching a precision of 1% in the wide bandpowers case and generally more than 4 times more accurate than current approaches. Finally, we derive the covariance matrices for mask-corrected power spectra estimated by the PolSpice code. In particular, we include, in the case of a small sky fraction, the effect of the apodization of the large scale modes. While we considered the specific case of the CMB, our results are applicable to any other cosmological probe which requires the calculation of pseudo-power spectrum covariance matrices., Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures, 1 table

Published
2022
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4. Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper

Author

Abazajian, Kevork, Abdulghafour, Arwa, Addison, Graeme E., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Ajello, Marco, Akerib, Daniel, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Amiri, Mandana, Anderson, Adam, Ansarinejad, Behzad, Archipley, Melanie, Arnold, Kam S., Ashby, Matt, Aung, Han, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baker, Carina, Bakshi, Abhishek, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Barton, Paul, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Beall, Jim, Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Belkner, Sebastian, Benabed, Karim, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Besuner, Bobby, Bethermin, Matthieu, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Biquard, Simon, Birdwell, Ian, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bocaz, Paulina, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, Francois R., Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chan, Victor, Chang, Clarence L., Chapman, Scott, Charles, Eric, Chauvin, Eric, Cheng, Cheng, Chesmore, Grace, Cheung, Kolen, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clancy, Justin, Clark, Susan, Cooray, Asantha, Coppi, Gabriele, Corlett, John, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Dai, Wei-Ming, Daley, Cail, Dart, Eli, Daues, Gregorg, de Haan, Tijmen, Deaconu, Cosmin, Delabrouille, Jacques, Derylo, Greg, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dober, Brad, Doriese, Randy, Duff, Shannon, Dutcher, Daniel, Dvorkin, Cora, Dünner, Rolando, Eftekhari, Tarraneh, Eimer, Joseph, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Elleflot, Tucker, Emerson, Nick, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Fanfani, Valentina, Fasano, Alessandro, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frisch, Josef, Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Giannakopoulos, Christos, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Goldfinger, David, Green, Daniel, Grimes, Paul, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Vic, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Gullett, Ian, Guns, Sam, Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Hand, Emma, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Herbst, Ryan, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, J. Colin, Hills, Richard, Hivon, Eric, Hlozek, Renée, Ho, Anna, Holder, Gil, Hollister, Matt, Holzapfel, William, Hood, John, Hotinli, Selim, Hryciuk, Alec, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hui, Howard, nez, Roberto Ibá, Ibitoye, Ayodeji, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jacobus, Cooper, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Joseph, John, Jost, Baptiste, Kang, Jae Hwan, Kaplan, Ari, Karkare, Kirit S., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keskitalo, Reijo, King, Cesiley, Kisner, Theodore, Klein, Matthias, Knox, Lloyd, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Krolewski, Alex, Kubik, Donna, Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lähteenmäki, Anne, Lau, Kenny, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Legrand, Louis, Leitner, Matthaeus, Leloup, Clément, Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Liodakis, Ioannis, Liu, Jia, Long, Kevin, Louis, Thibaut, Loverde, Marilena, Lowry, Lindsay, Lu, Chunyu, Lubin, Phil, Ma, Yin-Zhe, Maccarone, Thomas, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Maldonado, Felipe, Mantz, Adam, Marques, Gabriela, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, May, Jared, McCarrick, Heather, McCracken, Ken, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Menanteau, Felipe, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Miranda, Vivian, Mitchell, Don, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Monzani, Maria Elena, Moshed, Magdy, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagarajappa, Chandan, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Nerval, Simran, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Hogan, Nichols, Erik, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nord, Brian, Norton, Tim, Novosad, Valentine, O'Brient, Roger, Omori, Yuuki, Orlando, Giorgio, Osherson, Benjamin, Osten, Rachel, Padin, Stephen, Paine, Scott, Partridge, Bruce, Patil, Sanjaykumar, Petravick, Don, Petroff, Matthew, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pilleux, Mauricio, Pogosian, Levon, Prabhu, Karthik, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Raveri, Marco, Reese, Ben, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rizzieri, Arianna, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Rotermund, Kaja, Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John E., Saba, Joe, Sailer, Noah, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Sapozhnikov, Leonid, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin, Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Shiu, Corwin, Simon, Sara M., Singari, Baibhav, Slosar, Anze, Spergel, David, Germaine, Tyler St., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony A., Starkman, Glenn D., Steinbach, Bryan, Stompor, Radek, Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Tandoi, Chris, Teply, Grant P., Thayer, Gregg, Thompson, Keith, Thorne, Ben, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Trendafilova, Cynthia, Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Carole, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Wagoner, Kasey, Wallisch, Benjamin, Wang, Gensheng, Wang, Guo-Jian, Watson, Scott, Watts, Duncan, Weaver, Chris, Wenzl, Lukas, Westbrook, Ben, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wiedlea, Andrew, Williams, Paul, Wilson, Robert, Winch, Harrison, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yefremenko, Volodymyr G., Yu, Cyndia, Zegeye, David, Zivick, Jeff, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1908.01062, arXiv:1907.04473

Published
2022

5. Multi-modal investigation of the bone micro- and ultrastructure, and elemental distribution in the presence of Mg-xGd screws at mid-term healing stages

Author

Iskhakova, Kamila, Cwieka, Hanna, Meers, Svenja, Helmholz, Heike, Davydok, Anton, Storm, Malte, Baltruschat, Ivo Matteo, Galli, Silvia, Pröfrock, Daniel, Will, Olga, Gerle, Mirko, Damm, Timo, Sefa, Sandra, He, Weilue, MacRenaris, Keith, Soujon, Malte, Beckmann, Felix, Moosmann, Julian, O'Hallaran, Thomas, Guillory, Roger J., II, Wieland, D.C. Florian, Zeller-Plumhoff, Berit, and Willumeit-Römer, Regine

Published
2024
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6. Hints of Early Dark Energy in Planck, SPT, and ACT data: new physics or systematics?

Author

Smith, Tristan L., Lucca, Matteo, Poulin, Vivian, Abellan, Guillermo F., Balkenhol, Lennart, Benabed, Karim, Galli, Silvia, and Murgia, Riccardo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We investigate constraints on early dark energy (EDE) using ACT DR4, SPT-3G 2018, Planck polarization, and restricted Planck temperature data (at $\ell<650$), finding a $3.3\sigma$ preference ($\Delta\chi^2=-16.2$ for 3 additional degrees of freedom) for EDE over $\Lambda$CDM. The EDE contributes a maximum fractional energy density of $f_{\rm EDE}(z_c)=0.163^{+0.047}_{-0.04}$ at a redshift $z_c=3357\pm200$ and leads to a CMB inferred value of the Hubble constant $H_0=74.2^{+1.9}_{-2.1}$ km/s/Mpc. We find that Planck and ACT DR4 data provide the majority of the improvement in $\chi^2$, and that the inclusion of SPT-3G pulls the posterior of $f_{\rm EDE}(z_c)$ away from $\Lambda$CDM. This is the first time that a moderate preference for EDE has been reported for these three combined CMB data sets. We find that including measurements of supernovae luminosity distances and the baryon acoustic oscillation standard ruler only minimally affects the preference ($3.0\sigma$), while measurements that probe the clustering of matter at late times - the lensing potential power spectrum from Planck and $f \sigma_8$ from BOSS - decrease the significance of the preference to 2.6$\sigma$. Conversely, adding a prior on the $H_0$ value as reported by the SH0ES collaboration increases the preference to the $4-5\sigma$ level. In the absence of this prior, the inclusion of Planck TT data at $\ell>1300$ reduces the preference from $3.0\sigma$ to $2.3\sigma$ and the constraint on $f_{\rm EDE}(z_c)$ becomes compatible with $\Lambda$CDM at $1\sigma$. We explore whether systematic errors in the Planck polarization data may affect our conclusions and find that changing the TE polarization efficiencies significantly reduces the Planck preference for EDE. More work will be necessary to establish whether these hints for EDE within CMB data alone are the sole results of systematic errors or an opening to new physics., Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures

Published
2022
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7. Consistency of Planck, ACT and SPT constraints on magnetically assisted recombination and forecasts for future experiments

Author

Galli, Silvia, Pogosian, Levon, Jedamzik, Karsten, and Balkenhol, Lennart

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Primordial magnetic fields can change the recombination history of the universe by inducing clumping in the baryon density at small scales. They were recently proposed as a candidate model to relieve the Hubble tension. We investigate the consistency of the constraints on a clumping factor parameter $b$ in a simplistic model, using the latest CMB data from Planck, ACT DR4 and SPT-3G 2018. For the combined CMB data alone, we find no evidence for clumping being different from zero, though when adding a prior on $H_0$ based on the latest distance-ladder analysis of the SH0ES team, we report a weak detection of $b$. Our analysis of simulated datasets shows that ACT DR4 has more constraining power with respect to SPT-3G 2018 due to the degeneracy breaking power of the TT band powers (not included in SPT). Simulations also suggest that the TE,EE power spectra of the two datasets should have the same constraining power. However, the ACT DR4 TE,EE constraint is tighter than expectations, while the SPT-3G 2018 one is looser. While this is compatible with statistical fluctuations, we explore systematic effects which may account for such deviations. Overall, the ACT results are only marginally consistent with Planck or SPT-3G, at the $2-3\sigma$ level within $\Lambda$CDM+$b$ and $\Lambda$CDM, while Planck and SPT-3G are in good agreement. Combining the CMB data together with BAO and SNIa provides an upper limit of b<0.4 at 95\% c.l. (b<0.5 without ACT). Adding a SH0ES-based prior on the Hubble constant gives $b = 0.31^{+0.11}_{-0.15}$ and $H_0=69.28 \pm 0.56$ km/s/Mpc ($b = 0.41^{+0.14}_{-018}$ and $H_0=69.70 \pm 0.63$ km/s/Mpc without ACT). Finally, we forecast constraints on $b$ for the full SPT-3G survey, Simons Observatory, and CMB-S4, finding improvements by factors of 1.5 (2.7 with Planck), 5.9 and 7.8, respectively, over Planck alone., Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures

Published
2021
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8. Development of nanobodies as tools to investigate G-quadruplex DNA secondary structures

Author

Galli, Silvia and Balasubramanian, Shankar

Subjects
ChIP-seq, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, G-quadruplex, Nanobody
Abstract

Guanine-rich sequences in DNA can fold into four-stranded alternative secondary structures called G-quadruplexes (G4). G4s are suggested to be involved in key genome functions such as transcription, genome stability and epigenetic regulation, together with numerous connections to cancer biology. The detection G4s in cells has been facilitated by the use of structure-specific small molecules or antibody probes and much work has relied on G4 recognition by a single-chain variable fragment antibody, BG4. Other G4 probes have been reported but generally their usage has been limited to certain applications and in many cases the probes have limited selectivity for G4s. The aim of this thesis was to develop an alternative probe with high affinity and good selectivity for G4s for use in applications for which BG4 in not suitable and to provide an important orthogonal validation of results previously obtained with BG4. A phage-display screen was used to select nanobodies, antibody fragments derived from of heavy-chain only antibodies of Camelid family, that have high affinity and selectivity for the G4 structure from the human *MYC* oncogene promoter (MycG4). Biophysical characterisation confirmed that one nanobody (B11) binds with high affinity to a wide range of DNA G4 conformations *in vitro*. B11 successfully confirmed the folding of G4s in chromatin isolated from cancer cells. Furthermore, mutational analysis coupled with molecular dynamics simulation identified specific arginines contributing to the interaction of B11 with MycG4. Lastly, I demonstrated that B11 can be expressed in human cells for use in experiments to map G4 genomic locations *in situ*. The results from these experiments are significant to the field as they have demonstrated the validation of earlier data describing the location of folded G4 structures in the human genome. I have also extended previous studies by gaining molecular insights in the mode of action of an antibody-G4 interaction. Finally, I have provided initial proof-of-principle that a G4 antibody can be deployed in a cellular context to probe G4s in living cells. In sum, I have successfully generated a novel tool for the future study of G4s in key cellular processes, such as transcription, and in diseases such as cancer.

Published
2022
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9. CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

Author

Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme E, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Akerib, Daniel, Ali, Aamir, Allen, Steven W, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A, Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S, Ashton, Peter, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S, Bartlett, James G, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N, Benson, Bradford A, Bianchini, Federico, Bischoff, Colin A, Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J, Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K, Bond, J Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R, Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L, Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Caimapo, Carlos Hervias, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E, Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L, Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M, Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, Delabrouille, Jacques, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Dvorkin, Cora, Eimer, Joseph, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P, Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A, Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Gudmundsson, Jon E, Gullett, Ian, Gupta, Nikhel, Habib, Salman, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W, Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, and Henderson, Shawn

Subjects
Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

CMB-S4 - the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment - is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2-3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL.

Published
2022

10. Breaking the degeneracy between polarization efficiency and cosmological parameters in CMB experiments

Author

Galli, Silvia, Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Benabed, Karim, Bouchet, François, Crawford, Thomas M., and Hivon, Eric

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Accurate cosmological parameter estimates using polarization data of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) put stringent requirements on map calibration, as highlighted in the recent results from the Planck satellite. In this paper, we point out that a model-dependent determination of polarization calibration can be achieved by the joint fit of the TE and EE CMB power spectra. This provides a valuable cross-check to band-averaged polarization efficiency measurements determined using other approaches. We demonstrate that, in $\Lambda$CDM, the combination of the TE and EE constrain polarization calibration with sub-percent uncertainty with Planck data and 2% uncertainty with SPTpol data. We arrive at similar conclusions when extending $\Lambda$CDM to include the amplitude of lensing $A_{\rm L}$, the number of relativistic species $N_{\rm eff}$, or the sum of the neutrino masses $\sum m_{\nu}$. The uncertainties on cosmological parameters are minimally impacted when marginalizing over polarization calibration, except, as can be expected, for the uncertainty on the amplitude of the primordial scalar power spectrum $\ln(10^{10} A_{\rm s})$, which increases by $20-50$%. However, this information can be fully recovered by adding TT data. For current and future ground-based experiments, SPT-3G and CMB-S4, we forecast the cosmological parameter uncertainties to be minimally degraded when marginalizing over polarization calibration parameters. In addition, CMB-S4 could constrain its polarization calibration at the level of $\sim$0.2% by combining TE and EE, and reach $\sim$0.06% by also including TT. We therefore conclude that relying on calibrating against Planck polarization maps, whose statistical uncertainty is limited to $\sim$0.5%, would be insufficient for upcoming experiments., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures. Comments welcome

Published
2021
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11. CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

Author

Collaboration, CMB-S4, Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme E., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Akerib, Daniel, Ali, Aamir, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Ashton, Peter, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Bianchini, Federico, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Caimapo, Carlos Hervias, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, Delabrouille, Jacques, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Dunkley, Jo, Dvorkin, Cora, Eimer, Joseph, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Gullett, Ian, Gupta, Nikhel, Habib, Salman, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hill, Charles, Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hood, John, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Bradley R., Jones, William C., Kang, Jae Hwan, Karkare, Kirit S., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lähteenmäki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Lubin, Phil, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marques, Gabriela, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McCarrick, Heather, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Menanteau, Felipe, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Monzani, Maria, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nord, Brian, Novosad, Valentine, O'Brient, Roger, Padin, Stephen, Palladino, Steven, Partridge, Bruce, Petravick, Don, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Prabhu, Karthik, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John E., Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Spergel, David, Germaine, Tyler St., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Starkman, Glenn D., Stompor, Radek, Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Thorne, Ben, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Wagoner, Kasey, Wallisch, Benjamin, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yang, H. Y. Eric, Yasini, Siavash, Yefremenko, Volodymyr G., Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, Yu, Cyndia, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool, targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for $r > 0.003$ at greater than $5\sigma$, or, in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of $r < 0.001$ at $95\%$ CL., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables, submitted to ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.04473

Published
2020
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12. Unlocking the synergy between CMB spectral distortions and anisotropies

Author

Fu, Hao, Lucca, Matteo, Galli, Silvia, Battistelli, Elia S., Hooper, Deanna C., Lesgourgues, Julien, and Schöneberg, Nils

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectral distortions (SDs) will open a new window on the very early universe, providing new information complementary to that gathered from CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies. In this paper, we study their synergy as a function of the characteristics of the considered experiments. In particular, we examine a wide range of sensitivities for possible SD measurements, spanning from FIRAS up to noise levels 1000 times better than PIXIE, and study their constraining power when combined with current or future CMB anisotropy experiments such as Planck or LiteBIRD plus CMB-S4. We consider a number of different cosmological models such as the $\Lambda$CDM, as well as its extensions with the running of the scalar spectral index, the decay or the annihilation of dark matter (DM) particles. While upcoming CMB anisotropy experiments will be able to decrease the uncertainties on inflationary parameters such as $A_s$ and $n_s$ by about a factor 2 in the $\Lambda$CDM case, we find that an SD experiment 100 times more sensitive than PIXIE (comparable to the proposed Super-PIXIE satellite) could potentially further contribute to constrain these parameters. This is even more significant in the case of the running of the scalar spectral index. Furthermore, as expected, constraints on DM particles decaying at redshifts probed by SDs will improve by orders of magnitude even with an experiment 10 times worse than PIXIE as compared to CMB anisotropies or Big Bang Nucleosynthesis bounds. On the contrary, DM annihilation constraints will not significantly improve over CMB anisotropy measurements. Finally, we forecast the constraints obtainable with sensitivities achievable either from the ground or from a balloon., Comment: 25+4 pages with 8 figures and 7 tables, published version

Published
2020
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14. Sparse Annotations with Random Walks for U-Net Segmentation of Biodegradable Bone Implants in Synchrotron Microtomograms

Author

Bockelmann, Niclas, Krüger, Diana, Wieland, D. C. Florian, Zeller-Plumhoff, Berit, Peruzzi, Niccoló, Galli, Silvia, Willumeit-Römer, Regine, Wilde, Fabian, Beckmann, Felix, Hammel, Jörg, Moosmann, Julian, and Heinrich, Mattias P.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Currently, most bone implants used in orthopedics and traumatology are non-degradable and may need to be surgically removed later on e.g. in the case of children. This removal is associated with health risks which could be minimized by using biodegradable implants. Therefore, research on magnesium-based implants is ongoing, which can be objectively quantified through synchrotron radiation microtomography and subsequent image analysis. In order to evaluate the suitability of these materials, e.g. their stability over time, accurate pixelwise segmentations of these high-resolution scans are necessary. The fully-convolutional U-Net architecture achieves a Dice coefficient of 0.750 +/- 0.102 when trained with a small dataset with dense expert annotations. However, extending the learning to larger databases would require prohibitive annotation efforts. Hence, in this work we implemented and compared new training methods that require only a small fraction of manually annotated pixels. While directly training on these scribble annotation deteriorates the segmentation quality by 26.8 percentage points, our new random walk-based semi-automatic target achieves the same Dice overlap as a dense supervision, and thus offers a more promising approach for sparse annotations., Comment: MIDL 2019 [arXiv:1907.08612] Extended Abstract

Published
2019

15. CMB-S4 Decadal Survey APC White Paper

Author

Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bailey, Kathy, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baxter, Eric, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Berger, Edo, Bhimani, Sanah, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly, Bonato, Matteo, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Burkhart, Blakesley, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Demarteau, Marcel, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan, Dvorkin, Cora, Edwards, William, Eimer, Joseph, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Victor, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Huffer, Michael, Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Karkare, Kirit, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kerby, James, Kernovsky, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kurita, Nadine, Kusaka, Akito, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Negrello, Mattia, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nordby, Martin, Novosad, Valentine, O'Connor, Paul, Obied, Georges, Padin, Stephen, Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rajagopalan, Srini, Raveri, Marco, Reichanadter, Mark, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sheehy, Christopher, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Somerville, Rachel, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Stompor, Radek, Story, Kyle T., Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Treu, Jesse I., Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Vogelsberger, Mark, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Yeck, James, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We provide an overview of the science case, instrument configuration and project plan for the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4, for consideration by the 2020 Decadal Survey., Comment: Project White Paper submitted to the 2020 Decadal Survey, 10 pages plus references. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1907.04473

Published
2019

16. CMB-S4 Science Case, Reference Design, and Project Plan

Author

Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bailey, Kathy, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baxter, Eric, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Berger, Edo, Bhimani, Sanah, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly, Bonato, Matteo, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Burkhart, Blakesley, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Demarteau, Marcel, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan, Dvorkin, Cora, Edwards, William, Eimer, Joseph, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Victor, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Huffer, Michael, Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Karkare, Kirit, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kerby, James, Kernovsky, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kurita, Nadine, Kusaka, Akito, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McMahon, Jeff, McQuinn, Matthew, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Negrello, Mattia, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nordby, Martin, Novosad, Valentine, O'Connor, Paul, Obied, Georges, Padin, Stephen, Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rajagopalan, Srini, Raveri, Marco, Reichanadter, Mark, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sheehy, Christopher, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Somerville, Rachel, Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Stompor, Radek, Story, Kyle T., Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Treu, Jesse I., Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Vogelsberger, Mark, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Yeck, James, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present the science case, reference design, and project plan for the Stage-4 ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4., Comment: 287 pages, 82 figures

Published
2019

17. CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

Author

Collaboration, The CMB-S4, :, Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme E, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Akerib, Daniel, Ali, Aamir, Allen, Steven W, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A, Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S, Ashton, Peter, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S, Bartlett, James G, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N, Benson, Bradford A, Bianchini, Federico, Bischoff, Colin A, Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J, Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K, Bond, J Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R, Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L, Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Caimapo, Carlos Hervias, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E, Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L, Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M, Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, Delabrouille, Jacques, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Dunkley, Jo, Dvorkin, Cora, Eimer, Joseph, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P, Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A, Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Gudmundsson, Jon E, Gullett, Ian, Gupta, Nikhel, Habib, Salman, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W, Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, and Hasselfield, Matthew

Subjects
astro-ph.CO
Abstract

CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB)experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMBmeasurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of theUniverse, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth ofstructure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, thequest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of theexperimental design. This work details the development of a forecastingframework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool,targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalarratio, $r$, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensingof the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from theachieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecastthe science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodologyallows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers aflexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desiredscientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytictool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection ofadditional complexity and verification of our forecasts with severalindependent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts forCMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the currentreference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordialgravitational waves for $r > 0.003$ at greater than $5\sigma$, or, in theabsence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of $r < 0.001$ at $95\%$ CL.

Published
2020

19. FRI-405 Heterogeneity in the diagnostic performances of HDV-RNA quantification assays used in clinical practice in Italy: results from a national quality control multicenter study

Author

Salpini, Romina, primary, Piermatteo, Lorenzo, additional, Caviglia, Gian Paolo, additional, Bertoli, Ada, additional, Brunetto, Maurizia, additional, Bruzzone, Bianca, additional, Callegaro, Annapaola, additional, Caudai, Cinzia, additional, Cavallone, Daniela, additional, Coppola, Nicola, additional, Cuomo, Nunzia, additional, D'Anna, Stefano, additional, Di Stefano, Mariantonietta, additional, Duca, Leonardo, additional, Facchetti, Floriana, additional, Farina, Claudio, additional, Ferraro, Donatella, additional, Franchin, Elisa, additional, Francisci, Daniela, additional, Galli, Silvia, additional, Garbuglia, AnnaRosa, additional, Gennari, William, additional, Ghisetti, Valeria, additional, Lampertico, Pietro, additional, Marascio, Nadia, additional, Menzo, Stefano, additional, Micheli, Valeria, additional, Niro, Grazia Anna, additional, Olivero, Antonella, additional, Paba, Pierpaolo, additional, Palermo, Concetta Ilenia, additional, Palmieri, Orazio, additional, Paolucci, Stefania, additional, Pisaturo, Mariantonietta, additional, Pollicino, Teresa, additional, Raffa, Giuseppina, additional, Torre, Giulia, additional, Turriziani, Ombretta, additional, Uzzau, Sergio, additional, Vatteroni, Maria Linda, additional, Zazzi, Maurizio, additional, Craxi, Antonio, additional, Silberstein, Francesca Ceccherini, additional, and Svicher, Valentina, additional

Published
2024
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21. Exploring cosmic origins with CORE: gravitational lensing of the CMB

Author

Challinor, Anthony, Allison, Rupert, Carron, Julien, Errard, Josquin, Feeney, Stephen, Kitching, Thomas, Lesgourgues, Julien, Lewis, Antony, Zubeldía, Íñigo, Achucarro, Ana, Ade, Peter, Ashdown, Mark, Ballardini, Mario, Banday, A. J., Banerji, Ranajoy, Bartlett, James, Bartolo, Nicola, Basak, Soumen, Baumann, Daniel, Bersanelli, Marco, Bonaldi, Anna, Bonato, Matteo, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François, Boulanger, François, Brinckmann, Thejs, Bucher, Martin, Burigana, Carlo, Buzzelli, Alessandro, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Calvo, Martino, Carvalho, Carla-Sofia, Castellano, Gabriella, Chluba, Jens, Clesse, Sebastien, Colantoni, Ivan, Coppolecchia, Alessandro, Crook, Martin, d'Alessandro, Giuseppe, de Bernardis, Paolo, de Gasperis, Giancarlo, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Diego, Jose-Maria, Fernandez-Cobos, Raul, Ferraro, Simone, Finelli, Fabio, Forastieri, Francesco, Galli, Silvia, Genova-Santos, Ricardo, Gerbino, Martina, González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grandis, Sebastian, Greenslade, Joshua, Hagstotz, Steffen, Hanany, Shaul, Handley, Will, Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hills, Matthew, Hivon, Eric, Kiiveri, Kimmo, Kisner, Ted, Kunz, Martin, Kurki-Suonio, Hannu, Lamagna, Luca, Lasenby, Anthony, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Liguori, Michele, Lindholm, Valtteri, López-Caniego, Marcos, Luzzi, Gemma, Maffei, Bruno, Martinez-González, Enrique, Martins, C. J. A. P., Masi, Silvia, McCarthy, Darragh, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Molinari, Diego, Monfardini, Alessandro, Natoli, Paolo, Negrello, Mattia, Notari, Alessio, Paiella, Alessandro, Paoletti, Daniela, Patanchon, Guillaume, Piat, Michel, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polastri, Linda, Polenta, Gianluca, Pollo, Agnieszka, Poulin, Vivian, Quartin, Miguel, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Roman, Matthieu, Rubino-Martin, Jose-Alberto, Salvati, Laura, Tartari, Andrea, Tomasi, Maurizio, Tramonte, Denis, Trappe, Neil, Trombetti, Tiziana, Tucker, Carole, Valiviita, Jussi, Van de Weijgaert, Rien, van Tent, Bartjan, Vennin, Vincent, Vielva, Patricio, Vittorio, Nicola, Young, Karl, and Zannoni, Mario

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Lensing of the CMB is now a well-developed probe of large-scale clustering over a broad range of redshifts. By exploiting the non-Gaussian imprints of lensing in the polarization of the CMB, the CORE mission can produce a clean map of the lensing deflections over nearly the full-sky. The number of high-S/N modes in this map will exceed current CMB lensing maps by a factor of 40, and the measurement will be sample-variance limited on all scales where linear theory is valid. Here, we summarise this mission product and discuss the science that it will enable. For example, the summed mass of neutrinos will be determined to an accuracy of 17 meV combining CORE lensing and CMB two-point information with contemporaneous BAO measurements, three times smaller than the minimum total mass allowed by neutrino oscillations. In the search for B-mode polarization from primordial gravitational waves with CORE, lens-induced B-modes will dominate over instrument noise, limiting constraints on the gravitational wave power spectrum amplitude. With lensing reconstructed by CORE, one can "delens" the observed polarization internally, reducing the lensing B-mode power by 60%. This improves to 70% by combining lensing and CIB measurements from CORE, reducing the error on the gravitational wave amplitude by 2.5 compared to no delensing (in the null hypothesis). Lensing measurements from CORE will allow calibration of the halo masses of the 40000 galaxy clusters that it will find, with constraints dominated by the clean polarization-based estimators. CORE can accurately remove Galactic emission from CMB maps with its 19 frequency channels. We present initial findings that show that residual Galactic foreground contamination will not be a significant source of bias for lensing power spectrum measurements with CORE. [abridged], Comment: 44 pages, 12 figures

Published
2017
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22. Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE: Inflation

Author

CORE Collaboration, Finelli, Fabio, Bucher, Martin, Achúcarro, Ana, Ballardini, Mario, Bartolo, Nicola, Baumann, Daniel, Clesse, Sébastien, Errard, Josquin, Handley, Will, Hindmarsh, Mark, Kiiveri, Kimmo, Kunz, Martin, Lasenby, Anthony, Liguori, Michele, Paoletti, Daniela, Ringeval, Christophe, Väliviita, Jussi, van Tent, Bartjan, Vennin, Vincent, Allison, Rupert, Arroja, Frederico, Ashdown, Marc, Banday, A. J., Banerji, Ranajoy, Bartlett, James G., Basak, Soumen, Baselmans, Jochem, de Bernardis, Paolo, Bersanelli, Marco, Bonaldi, Anna, Borril, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Boulanger, François, Brinckmann, Thejs, Burigana, Carlo, Buzzelli, Alessandro, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Calvo, Martino, Carvalho, Carla Sofia, Castellano, Gabriella, Challinor, Anthony, Chluba, Jens, Colantoni, Ivan, Crook, Martin, D'Alessandro, Giuseppe, D'Amico, Guido, Delabrouille, Jacques, Desjacques, Vincent, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Diego, Jose Maria, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James R., Fernandez-Cobos, Raul, Ferraro, Simone, Forastieri, Francesco, Galli, Silvia, García-Bellido, Juan, de Gasperis, Giancarlo, Génova-Santos, Ricardo T., Gerbino, Martina, González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grandis, Sebastian, Greenslade, Josh, Hagstotz, Steffen, Hanany, Shaul, Hazra, Dhiraj K., Hernández-Monteagudo, Carlos, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hills, Matthew, Hivon, Eric, Hu, Bin, Kisner, Ted, Kitching, Thomas, Kovetz, Ely D., Kurki-Suonio, Hannu, Lamagna, Luca, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Lesgourgues, Julien, Lewis, Antony, Lindholm, Valtteri, Lizarraga, Joanes, López-Caniego, Marcos, Luzzi, Gemma, Maffei, Bruno, Mandolesi, Nazzareno, Martínez-González, Enrique, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., Masi, Silvia, McCarthy, Darragh, Matarrese, Sabino, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Molinari, Diego, Monfardini, Alessandro, Natoli, Paolo, Negrello, Mattia, Notari, Alessio, Oppizzi, Filippo, Paiella, Alessandro, Pajer, Enrico, Patanchon, Guillaume, Patil, Subodh P., Piat, Michael, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polastri, Linda, Polenta, Gianluca, Pollo, Agnieszka, Poulin, Vivian, Quartin, Miguel, Ravenni, Andrea, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Renzi, Alessandro, Roest, Diederik, Roman, Matthieu, Rubiño-Martin, Jose Alberto, Salvati, Laura, Starobinsky, Alexei A., Tartari, Andrea, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Tomasi, Maurizio, Torrado, Jesús, Trappe, Neil, Trombetti, Tiziana, Tucker, Carole, Tucci, Marco, Urrestilla, Jon, van de Weygaert, Rien, Vielva, Patricio, Vittorio, Nicola, and Young, Karl

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We forecast the scientific capabilities to improve our understanding of cosmic inflation of CORE, a proposed CMB space satellite submitted in response to the ESA fifth call for a medium-size mission opportunity. The CORE satellite will map the CMB anisotropies in temperature and polarization in 19 frequency channels spanning the range 60-600 GHz. CORE will have an aggregate noise sensitivity of $1.7 \mu$K$\cdot \,$arcmin and an angular resolution of 5' at 200 GHz. We explore the impact of telescope size and noise sensitivity on the inflation science return by making forecasts for several instrumental configurations. This study assumes that the lower and higher frequency channels suffice to remove foreground contaminations and complements other related studies of component separation and systematic effects, which will be reported in other papers of the series "Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE." We forecast the capability to determine key inflationary parameters, to lower the detection limit for the tensor-to-scalar ratio down to the $10^{-3}$ level, to chart the landscape of single field slow-roll inflationary models, to constrain the epoch of reheating, thus connecting inflation to the standard radiation-matter dominated Big Bang era, to reconstruct the primordial power spectrum, to constrain the contribution from isocurvature perturbations to the $10^{-3}$ level, to improve constraints on the cosmic string tension to a level below the presumptive GUT scale, and to improve the current measurements of primordial non-Gaussianities down to the $f_{NL}^{\rm local} < 1$ level. For all the models explored, CORE alone will improve significantly on the present constraints on the physics of inflation. Its capabilities will be further enhanced by combining with complementary future cosmological observations., Comment: Latex 107 pages, revised with updated author list and minor modifications

Published
2016
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25. Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE: Cosmological Parameters

Author

Di Valentino, Eleonora, Brinckmann, Thejs, Gerbino, Martina, Poulin, Vivian, Bouchet, François R., Lesgourgues, Julien, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Chluba, Jens, Clesse, Sebastien, Delabrouille, Jacques, Dvorkin, Cora, Forastieri, Francesco, Galli, Silvia, Hooper, Deanna C., Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., Salvati, Laura, Cabass, Giovanni, Caputo, Andrea, Giusarma, Elena, Hivon, Eric, Natoli, Paolo, Pagano, Luca, Paradiso, Simone, Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto, Achucarro, Ana, Ade, Peter, Allison, Rupert, Arroja, Frederico, Ashdown, Marc, Ballardini, Mario, Banday, A. J., Banerji, Ranajoy, Bartolo, Nicola, Bartlett, James G., Basak, Soumen, Baselmans, Jochem, Baumann, Daniel, de Bernardis, Paolo, Bersanelli, Marco, Bonaldi, Anna, Bonato, Matteo, Borrill, Julian, Boulanger, François, Bucher, Martin, Burigana, Carlo, Buzzelli, Alessandro, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Calvo, Martino, Carvalho, Carla Sofia, Castellano, Gabriella, Challinor, Anthony, Charles, Ivan, Colantoni, Ivan, Coppolecchia, Alessandro, Crook, Martin, D'Alessandro, Giuseppe, De Petris, Marco, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Diego, Josè Maria, Errard, Josquin, Feeney, Stephen, Fernandez-Cobos, Raul, Ferraro, Simone, Finelli, Fabio, de Gasperis, Giancarlo, Génova-Santos, Ricardo T., González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grandis, Sebastian, Greenslade, Josh, Hagstotz, Steffen, Hanany, Shaul, Handley, Will, Hazra, Dhiraj K., Hernández-Monteagudo, Carlos, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hills, Matthew, Kiiveri, Kimmo, Kisner, Ted, Kitching, Thomas, Kunz, Martin, Kurki-Suonio, Hannu, Lamagna, Luca, Lasenby, Anthony, Lewis, Antony, Liguori, Michele, Lindholm, Valtteri, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, Luzzi, Gemma, Maffei, Bruno, Martin, Sylvain, Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Masi, Silvia, McCarthy, Darragh, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Mohr, Joseph J., Molinari, Diego, Monfardini, Alessandro, Negrello, Mattia, Notari, Alessio, Paiella, Alessandro, Paoletti, Daniela, Patanchon, Guillaume, Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, Michael, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polastri, Linda, Polenta, Gianluca, Pollo, Agnieszka, Quartin, Miguel, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Roman, Matthieu, Ringeval, Christophe, Tartari, Andrea, Tomasi, Maurizio, Tramonte, Denis, Trappe, Neil, Trombetti, Tiziana, Tucker, Carole, Väliviita, Jussi, van de Weygaert, Rien, Van Tent, Bartjan, Vennin, Vincent, Vermeulen, Gérard, Vielva, Patricio, Vittorio, Nicola, Young, Karl, and Zannoni, Mario

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

We forecast the main cosmological parameter constraints achievable with the CORE space mission which is dedicated to mapping the polarisation of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). CORE was recently submitted in response to ESA's fifth call for medium-sized mission proposals (M5). Here we report the results from our pre-submission study of the impact of various instrumental options, in particular the telescope size and sensitivity level, and review the great, transformative potential of the mission as proposed. Specifically, we assess the impact on a broad range of fundamental parameters of our Universe as a function of the expected CMB characteristics, with other papers in the series focusing on controlling astrophysical and instrumental residual systematics. In this paper, we assume that only a few central CORE frequency channels are usable for our purpose, all others being devoted to the cleaning of astrophysical contaminants. On the theoretical side, we assume LCDM as our general framework and quantify the improvement provided by CORE over the current constraints from the Planck 2015 release. We also study the joint sensitivity of CORE and of future Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and Large Scale Structure experiments like DESI and Euclid. Specific constraints on the physics of inflation are presented in another paper of the series. In addition to the six parameters of the base LCDM, which describe the matter content of a spatially flat universe with adiabatic and scalar primordial fluctuations from inflation, we derive the precision achievable on parameters like those describing curvature, neutrino physics, extra light relics, primordial helium abundance, dark matter annihilation, recombination physics, variation of fundamental constants, dark energy, modified gravity, reionization and cosmic birefringence. (ABRIDGED), Comment: 90 pages, 25 Figures. Revised version with new authors list and references

Published
2016
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29. Effect of Drilling Preparation on Immediately Loaded Implants: An In Vivo Study in Sheep.

Author

Stocchero, Michele, Jinno, Yohei, Toia, Marco, Ahmad, Marianne, Galli, Silvia, Papia, Evaggelia, Herath, Manjula, and Becktor, Jonas P.

Subjects
DENTAL implants, TORQUE, SHEEP, IN vivo studies, RESONANCE frequency analysis, ANIMAL experimentation, RESEARCH methodology, COMPACT bone, REGRESSION analysis, TREATMENT effectiveness, PEARSON correlation (Statistics), MATERIALS testing, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, BIOMECHANICS, FLUORESCENT dyes, COMPUTED tomography, BONE density
Abstract

Purpose: To determine the biologic and biomechanical effects of two implant drilling protocols on the cortical bone around implants subjected to immediate loading. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 implants were inserted into the mandibles of six sheep following one of two drilling protocols: undersized preparation (US; n = 24) and nonundersized preparation (NUS; n = 24). Immediately after implant insertion, an abutment was placed on each implant and 36 implants were subjected to 10 sessions of dynamic vertical loads (1,500 cycles, 1 Hz) of 25 N or 50 N. Insertion torque value (ITV) was recorded at implant installation. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was measured at implant insertion and at each loading session. Fluorochrome was administered at day 17, and the animals were euthanized after 5 weeks. The removal torque values (RTVs) were measured, and samples underwent histomorphometric, μCT (microcomputed tomography), and fluorescence image acquisition analyses. The bone volume density (BV/TV), bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO), and fluorochrome stained bone surface (MS) were calculated. A linear mixed model analysis was performed, and Pearson paired correlation was calculated. Results: Five implants from the NUS group failed, with a mean ITV of 8.8 Ncm and an RFA value of 57. The mean ITVs for US group and NUS group were 80.5 (± 14) Ncm and 45.9 (± 25) Ncm, respectively (P < .001). No differences were noted in the RFA values from the time of implant insertion until the end of the study. No differences in RTV, BV/TV, BAFO, or MS were observed between the groups. Intense new bone formation took place in the NUS group implants that were subjected to load. Conclusions: Undersized preparation of cortical bone ensured a greater BIC compared to a nonundersized preparation. Moreover, this study demonstrated that immediate loading did not interfere with the osseointegration process, but loading induced intense new bone formation in the NUS group. It is not recommended to immediately load the implants when the clinically perceived primary stability is lower than an ITV of 10 Ncm and an RFA value of 60. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. Visualization of Implant Failure by Synchrotron Tomography

Author

Willumeit-Römer, Regine, Moosmann, Julian, Zeller-Plumhoff, Berit, Florian Wieland, D. C., Krüger, Diana, Wiese, Björn, Wennerberg, Ann, Peruzzi, Niccolò, Galli, Silvia, Beckmann, Felix, Hammel, Jörg U., and & Materials Society, The Minerals, Metals, editor

Published
2018
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36. DNA G-Quadruplex Recognition In Vitro and in Live Cells by a Structure-Specific Nanobody

Author

Galli, Silvia, Melidis, Larry, Flynn, Sean M, Varshney, Dhaval, Simeone, Angela, Spiegel, Jochen, Madden, Sarah K, Tannahill, David, Balasubramanian, Shankar, Galli, Silvia [0000-0002-3316-0161], Melidis, Larry [0000-0001-6853-2722], Flynn, Sean M [0000-0001-7326-2659], Varshney, Dhaval [0000-0001-9197-9821], Simeone, Angela [0000-0002-0663-0121], Spiegel, Jochen [0000-0001-7641-1066], Madden, Sarah K [0000-0001-6858-7651], Tannahill, David [0000-0002-3811-6864], Balasubramanian, Shankar [0000-0002-0281-5815], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
G-Quadruplexes, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Humans, General Chemistry, DNA, Biochemistry, Catalysis, Article, Chromatin
Abstract

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded DNA secondary structures that occur in the human genome and play key roles in transcription, replication, and genome stability. G4-specific molecular probes are of vital importance to elucidate the structure and function of G4s. The scFv antibody BG4 has been a widely used G4 probe but has various limitations, including relatively poor in vitro expression and the inability to be expressed intracellularly to interrogate G4s in live cells. To address these considerations, we describe herein the development of SG4, a camelid heavy-chain-only derived nanobody that was selected against the human Myc DNA G4 structure. SG4 exhibits low nanomolar affinity for a wide range of folded G4 structures in vitro. We employed AlphaFold combined with molecular dynamics simulations to construct a molecular model for the G4-nanobody interaction. The structural model accurately explains the role of key amino acids and Kd measurements of SG4 mutants, including arginine-to-alanine point mutations that dramatically diminish G4 binding affinity. Importantly, predicted amino acid-G4 interactions were subsequently confirmed experimentally by biophysical measurements. We demonstrate that the nanobody can be expressed intracellularly and used to image endogenous G4 structures in live cells. We also use the SG4 protein to positionally map G4s in situ and also on fixed chromatin. SG4 is a valuable, new tool for G4 detection and mapping in cells., Herchel Smith funds

Published
2023
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49. The use of implant-level connection in screw-retained fixed partial dentures : A 3-year randomised clinical trial.

Author

Toia, Marco, Stocchero, Michele, Galli, Silvia, Papia, Evaggelia, Wennerberg, Ann, Becktor, Jonas P, Toia, Marco, Stocchero, Michele, Galli, Silvia, Papia, Evaggelia, Wennerberg, Ann, and Becktor, Jonas P

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This randomised controlled trial compares the 3-year outcomes, that is, marginal bone-level (MBL) changes and clinical parameters, between an abutment-level (AL) and implant-level (IL) connection for implants with an internal conical connection (ICC) supporting a screw-retained fixed partial denture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients with 119 implants were randomly allocated to either the AL or IL group. Radiographic and clinical examinations were performed after one, two, and 3 years. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate the differences between groups. RESULTS: The MBL change was not significantly different between the groups at any point. The MBL was 0.12 ± 0.31 mm (AL) and 0.23 ± 0.26 mm (IL) after 1 year; 0.15 ± 0.34 mm (AL) and 0.17 ± 0.22 mm (IL) after 2 years; 0.18 ± 0.39 mm (AL) and 0.15 ± 0.21 mm (IL) after 3 years. The bleeding on probing was 43.44 ± 39.24% (AL) and 58.19 ± 41.20% (IL) after 1 year; 35.78 ± 39.22% (AL) and 50.43 ± 41.49% (IL) after 2 years; 51.27 ± 44.63% (AL) and 49.57 ± 37.31% (IL) after 3 years and was significantly different (p = .025) between 1 and 2 years. The probing depth showed a significant difference at each time point while the plaque was not significant between the groups. The overall technical, biological and prosthetic complication rates were 5.04%, 3.36%, and 16.00%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The MBL change was similar in the groups. The slight differences in the soft tissue complications between the groups are likely not of clinical relevance. An IL connection is considered to be a valid alternative to an AL set-up in ICC implants.

Published
2022
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