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Background: Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) surgery has become increasingly popular in the surgical treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. The optimal structure for stable double-segment fixation remains unclear., Objective: To compare the biomechanical changes of unilateral fixation versus bilateral fixation in patients with lumbar degeneration undergoing double-segment TLIF surgery, and to explore the stability and feasibility of unilateral double-segment fixation., Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model of L3-5 was established based on CT data from a recruited young male volunteer, and the model was validated to have reasonable predictive capability. Surgical procedures were simulated by adjusting bony structures to create models of unilateral and bilateral fixation for double-segment TLIF. Under a pure moment of 10 Nm, range of motion (ROM), extension, lateral bending, axial rotation movements, as well as stresses on interbody fusion devices, internal fixation, and endplates were recorded and compared., Results: Unilateral fixation was fixed on the left side, with both groups performing flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left rotation, and right rotation movements. All reconstructed conditions showed decreased motion from L3 to L5. Unilateral fixation had greater lumbar spine range of motion (ROM) in all directions compared to bilateral fixation. The greatest difference between the two occurred during right lateral flexion at the L3-4 segment, measuring 1.78°. During right lateral flexion at the L4-5 segment, the largest difference was 2.29°. Regarding stress on the fusion devices, unilateral fixation models exhibited higher stresses than bilateral fixation models, but no significant differences in stability were found. Terminal plate stress in unilateral posterior fixation was higher during flexion than in the bilateral model, showing a similar trend in stress changes. No significant difference was seen in internal fixation stress between the two groups during two-segment fusion, with the posterior internal fixation stress in unilateral fixation being 1.7 times higher during flexion and 1.9 times higher during left bending compared to bilateral fixation., Conclusion: Unilateral fixation in two-segment transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) surgery can increase stability compared to bilateral fixation, with no significant differences observed between the two models. Unilateral two-segment fixation allows for greater lumbar spine mobility than bilateral fixation, albeit with a slight increase in stress on the posterior fixation and fusion devices under the unilateral fixation mode. This provides some biomechanical evidence for selecting surgical approaches for elderly patients who cannot tolerate long surgeries, suggesting that two-segment unilateral fixation may be advisable., Clinical Trial Number: Not applicable., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The methodology and ethics were reviewed and approved of by the institutional review board of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. All the patients were contacted and asked to give their informed written consent to be a part of study and their medical data be used for research purpose. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Objective: Despite advancements in spinal metastasis surgery techniques and the rapid development of multidisciplinary treatment models, we aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of spinal metastasis surgery performed by a combined NOMS decision system-utilizing multidisciplinary team and Revised Tokuhashi scoring system, compared with the Revised Tokuhashi scoring system., Methods: Clinical data from 102 patients with spinal metastases who underwent surgery at three affiliated hospitals of Zunyi Medical University from December 2017 to June 2022 were analysed. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: 52 patients in the treatment group involving the combined NOMS decision system-utilizing multidisciplinary team and Revised Tokuhashi scoring system (i.e., the combined group), and 50 patients in the treatment group involving the Revised Tokuhashi scoring system only (i.e., the revised TSS-only group). Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in preoperative general data or indicators between the two groups. Intraoperative and postoperative complications, average hospital stay, mortality rate, and follow-up observation indicators, including the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, negative psychological assessment score (using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, [SAS]), and neurological function recovery score (Frankel functional classification) were compared between the two groups., Results: All 102 patients successfully completed surgery and were discharged. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 24 months, with an average of (13.2 ± 2.4) months. The patients in the combined group experienced fewer complications such as surgical wound infections 3 patients(5.77%), intraoperative massive haemorrhage 2 patients(3.85%), cerebrospinal fluid leakage 2 patients(3.85%), deep vein thrombosis 4 patients(7.69%),and neurological damage 1 patient(1.92%), than patients in the revised TSS-only group (wound infections,11 patients(22%); intraoperative massive haemorrhage, 8 patients(16%);cerebrospinal fluid leakage,5 patients(10%);deep vein thrombosis,13 patients (26%); neurological damage,2 patients (4%). Significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of surgical wound infections, intraoperative massive haemorrhage, and deep vein thrombosis (P < 0.05). The average postoperative hospital stay in the combined group (7.94 ± 0.28 days) was significantly shorter than that in the revised TSS-only group (10.33 ± 0.30 days) (P < 0.05). Long-term follow-up (1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively) revealed better clinical outcomes in the combined group than in the revised TSS-only group in terms of VAS scores, overall KPS%, neurological function status Frankel classification, ECOG performance status, and SAS scores.(P < 0.05)., Conclusion: A multidisciplinary team using the NOMS combined with the Revised Tokuhashi scoring system for spinal metastasis surgery showed better clinical efficacy than the sole use of the Revised Tokuhashi scoring system. This personalized, precise, and rational treatment significantly improves patient quality of life, shortens hospital stay, reduces intraoperative and postoperative complications, and lowers mortality rates., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway is critical for repairing double-strand breaks (DSB). Inhibition of the HRR pathway is usually considered a promising strategy for anticancer therapy. The Bloom's Syndrome Protein (BLM), a DNA helicase, is essential for promoting the HRR pathway. Previously, we discovered quinazolinone derivative 9h as a potential BLM inhibitor, which suppressed the proliferation of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell HCT116. Herein, a new series of quinazolinone derivatives with N3-substitution was designed and synthesized to improve the anticancer activity and explore the structure-activity relationship (SAR). After evaluating their BLM inhibitory activity, the SAR was discussed, leading to identifying compound 21 as a promising BLM inhibitor. 21 exhibited the potent BLM-dependent cytotoxicity against the CRC cells but weak against normal cells. Further evaluation revealed that 21 could disrupt the HRR level while inhibiting BLM located on the DSB site and trigger DNA damage in the CRC cells. This compound effectively suppressed the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells, along with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Consequently, 21 might be a promising candidate for treating CRC, and the BLM might be a new potential therapeutic target for CRC., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Upward stone migration is a significant problem during ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) for upper ureteral stone, especially in absence of a ureteral occlusion device. In this study, we evaluated the novel strategy of reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) and intraoperative diuresis for URSL without ureteral occlusion devices to avoid upward migration., Materials and Methods: From March 2018 to May 2020, a total of 119 URSLs were performed for upper ureteral stone (6-15 mm) with 67 procedures in RTP and 52 procedures in conventional lithotomy position (CLP). 20 mg of intravenous furosemide was administered prior to stone fragmentation with holmium laser only in RTP group. Patient demographics, stone side, stone size and operative characteristics were recorded and compared between the two groups., Results: Patient data, stone side and size were similar in the two groups. All procedures were complete without conversion to open surgery and major complications. There was no significant difference in the mean operative time (47.9 ± 7.7 min vs 45.3 ± 7.0 min, P = .062) and mean hospital stay (3.9 ± 0.9 d vs 4.0 ± 1.0 d, P = .336) between the RTP and CLP group. Stone upward migration was significantly less in RTP group (3.0%, 2/67) than in CLP group (19.2%, 10/52) (P = .005). Stone-free rate at one month after initial treatment was 92.5% in RTP group and 73.1% in CLP group (P = .004)., Conclusion: The strategy of placing the patient in RTP and intraoperative administration of intravenous furosemide is simple, feasible and cost-effective in preventing stone upward migration during URSL with holmium laser in absence of a ureteral occlusion device for upper ureteral stone.

Lignification of cellulose limits the effective utilisation of fibre in plant cell wall. Lignocellulose-degrading bacteria secrete enzymes that decompose lignin and have the potential to improve fibre digestibility. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of whole-plant corn silage inoculated with lignocellulose-degrading bacteria on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbiome in sheep. Twelve 2-month-old male hybrid sheep (Dorper ♂ × small-tailed Han ♀) were randomly assigned into two dietary groups (n = 6): (1) untreated whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) and (2) WPCS inoculated with bacterial inoculant (WPCSB). Whole-plant corn silage inoculated with bacterial inoculant had higher in situ NDF digestibility than WPCS. Sheep in the WPCSB group had significantly higher average daily gain, DM intake, and feed conversion rate than those in the WPCS group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, higher volatile fatty acid concentrations were detected in WPCSB rumen samples, leading to lower ruminal pH (P < 0.05). The WPCSB group showed higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and lower abundance of Firmicutes in the rumen microbiome than the WPCS group (P < 0.05). Multiple differential genera were identified, with Prevotella being the most dominant genus and more abundant in WPCSB samples. Moreover, the enriched functional attributes, including those associated with glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and citrate cycle, were more actively expressed in the WPCSB samples than in the WPCS samples. Additionally, certain glucoside hydrolases that hydrolyse the side chains of hemicelluloses and pectins were also actively expressed in the WPCSB microbiome. These findings suggested that WPCSB increased NDF digestibility in three ways: (1) by increasing the relative abundance of the most abundant genera, (2) by recruiting more functional features involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and citrate cycle pathways, and (3) by increasing the relative abundance and/or expression activity of the glucoside hydrolases involved in hemicellulose and pectin metabolism. Our findings provide novel insights into the microbial mechanisms underlying improvement in the growth performance of sheep/ruminants. However, the biological mechanisms cannot be fully elucidated using only metagenomics tools; therefore, a combined multi-omics approach will be used in subsequent studies., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Lateral-flow analysis (LFA) is a convenient, low-cost, and rapid detection method, which has been widely used for screening of diseases. However, sensitivity enhancement in LFA is still a focus in this field and remains challenging. Herein, we propose an electrospinning coating method to modify the conventional nitrocellulose (NC) membrane and optimize the liquid flow rate for enhancing the sensitivity of the NC based LFA strips in the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). It can be seen that coating the NC membrane with nitrocellulose fibers could obtain a NC based strip with HCG and LH detection limits of 0.22 and 0.36 mIU mL -1 respectively, and a quantitative linear range of 0.5-500 mIU mL -1 . The results show that electrospinning is effective in modifying conventional NC membranes for LFA applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Autophagy is a pathway for the degradation of cytoplasmic components in eukaryotes. In wheat, the mechanism by which autophagy regulates programmed cell death (PCD) is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that short-term waterlogging-induced autophagy inhibited PCD in root cells of wheat. The waterlogging-tolerant wheat cultivar Huamai 8 and the waterlogging-sensitive wheat cultivar Huamai 9 were used as experimental materials, and their roots were waterlogged for 0-48 h. Waterlogging stress increased the number of autophagic structures, the expression levels of autophagy-related genes (TaATG), and the occurrence of PCD in root cells. PCD manifested as morphological changes in the cell nucleus, significant enhancement of DNA laddering bands, and increases in caspase-like protease activity and the expression levels of metacaspase genes. The autophagy promoter rapamycin (RAPA) reduced PCD levels, whereas the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhanced them. The expression levels of TaATG genes and the number of autophagic structures were lower in cortex cells than in stele cells, but the levels of PCD were higher in cortex cells. The number of autophagic structures was greater in Huamai 8 than in Huamai 9, but the levels of PCD were lower. In summary, our results showed that short-term waterlogging induced autophagy which could inhibit PCD. Mechanisms of response to waterlogging stress differed between cortex and stele cells and between two wheat cultivars of contrasting waterlogging tolerance.

Background: Summer acupoint herbal patching (SAHP) has been widely used in China for thousands of years. This bibliometric analysis aims to provide a comprehensive review of the characteristics of clinical studies on SAHP for any condition., Methods: We included clinical studies such as randomized clinical trials (RCTs), controlled clinical studies (CCTs), case series (CSs), case reports (CRs), and cross-sectional studies on SAHP for any condition. Six databases were searched from date of inception to March 2015. Bibliometric information and study details such as study type, characteristics of participants, details of the intervention and comparison, and outcome were extracted and analyzed., Results: A total of 937 clinical studies were identified and which were published between 1977 and 2015. This included 404 RCTs, 52 CCTs, 458 CSs, 19 CRs and 4 cross-sectional studies and involved 232,138 participants aged 2 to 90 years from two countries. Almost all studies were from China (936, 99.89%). The five conditions most commonly treated by SAHP were asthma (401, 42.80%), chronic bronchitis (146, 15.58%), allergic rhinitis (117, 12.49%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (73, 7.79%), and recurrent respiratory tract infection (42, 4.48%). Among 502 controlled studies, the majority compared SAHP alone with different controls (16 categories, 275 comparisons). The most commonly used controls were western medicine, placebo, traditional Chinese medicine, no treatment and non-pharmaceutical traditional Chinese therapies. Composite outcome measures were the most frequently reported outcome (512, 69.19%)., Conclusion: A substantial amount of research on SAHP has been published in China and which predominantly focuses on respiratory conditions. The findings from this study can be used to inform further research by highlighting areas of greatest impact for SAHP.