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Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) seeds were irradiated with microwaves at various power levels of 200, 400, 600 and 800 W for 10 or 30 s. The irradiated grains were germinated for 3, 5, and 7 days and harvested. The germination rate of the tartary buckwheat seeds and contents of some compounds in the sprouts were investigated. The results showed that the exposure to 600 W microwaves for 10 s resulted in the highest final germination rate after 7 days of germination, which was 2 times that of the control. The exposure of seeds to 800 W for 30 s showed the lowest germination rate (approximately 10%), which decreased by 87% compared with the control (p

BACKGROUND: The pasting properties of rice change markedly after aging, although the mechanism for this still remains unknown. Aged and fresh rice grains were ground and the flours were fractionated by particle size, and then the pasting properties, particle size distribution and microscopic morphology of the heated flour fractions were evaluated. RESULTS: Compared to the corresponding fresh flour fractions with the same particle size, a lower peak viscosity for those aged flour fractions from 80 μm to 450 μm and a higher peak viscosity for those aged flour fractions from 20 μm to 60 μm were observed. The amounts of smaller particles disaggregated from the aged flour fractions were significantly less and the separated entities were always larger than the corresponding fresh rice fractions. CONCLUSION: Disaggregation difficulty of starch granules was the reason for the changes in the pasting properties of rice after aging. This finding is helpful for understanding rice aging mechanisms and regulating eating quality of rice flour as an ingredient. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equipotential switching algorithm of the traditional mechanical static compensator (MSC) device had many limitations in the operation of the single machine, such as the long operation time of the microcontroller control chip, the poor convergence of the calculation results had been affected by the hardware, and so on. In recent years, the research on devices that can communicate with the back end through the message queuing telemetry transport, MQTT protocol through the internet of things(IoT)platform has becoming more and more mature, and the development of IoT technology has also made it possible to apply machine learning algorithms such as neural networks to stand-alone electrical equipment. In the experiment, through a large number of data sets training, the switching time in different electrical environments could be predicted to achieve the adaptive equipotential switching effect, the adaptive switching without spark, no inrush, no overvoltage etc, was achieved in the developed device. The research and development focus includes the equipotential switching principle and simulation of the device, the IoT communication method between the device and the back-end software, the implementation process and training results of the BP neural network algorithm, and the experimental results and experimental analysis of the switching experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this article, we show that every bridgeless graph G of order n and maximum degree Δ has an orientation of diameter at most n − Δ + 3. We then use this result and the definition N G ( H ) = ⋃ v ∈ V ( H ) N G ( v ) ∖ V ( H ), for every subgraph H of G, to give better bounds in the case that G contains certain clusters of high‐degree vertices, namely: For every edge e, G has an orientation of diameter at most n − | N G ( e ) | + 4, if e is on a triangle and at most n − | N G ( e ) | + 5, otherwise. Furthermore, for every bridgeless subgraph H of G, there is such an orientation of diameter at most n − | N G ( H ) | + 3. Finally, if G is bipartite, then we show the existence of an orientation of diameter at most 2 ( | A | − deg G ( s ) ) + 7, for every partite set A of G and s ∈ V ( G ) ∖ A. This particularly implies that balanced bipartite graphs have an orientation of diameter at most n − 2 Δ + 7. For each bound, we give a polynomial‐time algorithm to construct a corresponding orientation and an infinite family of graphs for which the bound is sharp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosability is an important metric for measuring the reliability of multiprocessor systems. In 2012, Penget al.proposed a new measure for fault tolerance of the system, which is calledg-good-neighbour diagnosability that restrains every fault-free node containing at leastgfault-free neighbours. As a favourable topology structure of interconnection networks, the Cayley graphgenerated by the transposition treehas many good properties. In this paper, we give that the 1-good-neighbour diagnosability ofunder the PMC model and MMmodel isexcept the bubble-sort graphunder MMmodel, where, and the 1-good-neighbour diagnosability ofunder the MMmodel is 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LetGbe a hierarchical network (graph) with vertex setand edge set. The preclusion set of a subnetwork(defined as a smaller network but with the same topological properties as the original one) inGis a subsetofsuch thathas no subnetwork. The preclusion number ofinGis. Similarly, the edge preclusion set ofinGis a subsetofsuch thathas no subnetwork. The edge preclusion number ofinGis. The preclusion number and edge preclusion number are parameters which measure the robustness of interconnection networks in the event of failures. In this paper, we investigate a class of graphs which are constructed by combining the star graph with the bubble-sort graph, and give some preclusion numbers and edge preclusion numbers for this class of graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]