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Penelitian dan pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran berupa multimedia interaktif HAKETA pada pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan Tema Sehat Itu Penting. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Responden dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari ahli media, ahli materi, ahli bahasa dan peserta didik kelas V SD. Dikarenakan adanya pandemi COVID-19, uji coba pengguna hanya dapat dilaksanakan pada uji coba one to one yang terdiri dari tiga peserta didik kelas V sekolah dasar yang berdomisili dekat dengan peneliti. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara dan kuisioner. Hasil uji coba pengembangan multimedia interaktif kepada para ahli memperoleh nilai 92,5% dari ahli media, 84% dari ahli materi, dan 100% dari ahli bahasa. Hasil dari penilaian ketiga ahli tersebut memperoleh nilai dengan rata-rata 92,16%. Selain itu, hasil dari tahap uji coba One to One memperoleh nilai 98%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa multimedia interaktif memproleh nilai Sangat Baik (SB) dengan rentang skor 81%-100% sehingga layak digunakan sebagai media dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan Tema 4 “Sehat Itu Penting” kelas V Sekolah Dasar. This research and development aims to produce learning media in the form of HAKETA interactive multimedia in Pancasila and Civics Education with theme “Healthy Is Important”. This research is using research and development (R&D) method by developing a model of ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Respondents in this research and development consisted of media experts, material experts, linguists and elementary school students grade five. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, user trials can only be carried out in a one to one trial consisting of three elementary school students grade five who live close to the researcher. The data collection techniques that used were interviews and questionnaires. The test results of the development interactive multimedia for experts obtained a score of 92.5% from media experts, 84% from material experts, and 100% from linguists. In addition, the results of one to one trial phase were 98%. This shows that interactive multimedia has a Very Good (SB) score with a score range of 81% -100% so it is feasible to be used as a media in learning Pancasila and Civics Education with theme 4 "Health is Important" in grade five elementary school.

Ion pairs of tetraphenylporphyrin–AuIII complex as a [Formula: see text]-electronic cation with helical [Formula: see text]-electronic receptor–anion complexes were prepared. In the crystalline-state ion-pairing assemblies, the receptor–anion complexes exhibited single-helical structures based on the [1+1]-type Cl[Formula: see text]complexes. [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] Interactions, mainly consisting of electrostatic and dispersion forces, effectively induced the ordered arrangement of [Formula: see text]-electronic cation and helical pseudo-[Formula: see text]-electronic anions.

Dipyrrolylbenzenes bearing a tethered carboxylate unit with a countercation have been synthesized as components of anion-binding self-assemblies via hydrogen bonding between the anionic moieties and pyrrole NH units. The 1D-chain self-assembled structures, as negatively charged supramolecular polymers, provide solid-state ion-pairing assemblies, whose assembly modes depend on the coexisting cations.

Novel Au nano-particle catalysts immobilized on both titanium(IV)- and alkylthiol-functionalized SBA-15 type ordered mesoporous silicate supports were developed. The bi-functionalized SBA-15 type support could be synthesized by a one-pot method. To the synthesized supports, Au was immobilized by the reaction of the alkylthiol groups on the supports with AuCl4−, following reduction with NaBH4. The immobilized amount and the formed structures and the electronic property of the Au species depended on the loading of alkylthiol. The moderate size (2–3 nm) nano particulate Au sites formed on Ti(0.5)-SBASH(0.5) were negatively charged. The aerobic alcohol oxidation activity of the catalysts depended on the loading of alkylthiol and the structure of the Au nano-particles. The non-thiol-functionalized catalyst (Au/Ti(0.5)-SBASH(0)) composed of the large (5–30 nm) and the higher thiol-loaded catalyst (Au/Ti(0.5)-SBASH(8)) composed of the small cationic Au species were almost inactive. The most active catalyst was Au/Ti(0.5)-SBASH(0.5) composed of the electron-rich Au nano-particles formed by the electron donation from the highly dispersed thiol groups. Styrene oxidation activity in the presence of 1-phenylethanol with O2 depended on the loadings of titanium(IV) on the Au/Ti(x)-SBASH(0.5). The titanium(IV) sites trapped the H2O2 generated through the alcohol oxidation reaction, and also contributed to the alkene oxidation by activating the trapped H2O2.

Squarylium-based π-electronic cation with an augmented dipole was synthesized by methylation of zwitterionic squarylium. The cation formed various ion pairs in combination with anions, and the ion pairs exhibited distinct photophysical properties in the dispersed state, ascribed to the formation of J- and H-aggregates. The ion pairs provided solid-state assemblies based on cation stacking. It is noteworthy that complete segregation of cations and anions was observed in a pseudo-polymorph of the ion pair with pentacyanocyclopentadienide as a π-electronic anion. In the crystalline state, the ion pairs exhibited photophysical properties and electric conductivity derived from cation stacking. In particular, the charge-segregated ion-pairing assembly induces an electric conductive pathway along the stacking axis. The charge-segregated mode and fascinating properties were derived from the reduced electrostatic repulsion between adjacent π-electronic cations via dipole-dipole interactions.

Background: Despite attempts to increase Universal Health Coverage, availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality-related challenges remain barriers to receiving essential services by women who need them. We aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of women receiving post-abortal care services in Zambia, within a human-rights framework. Methods: A qualitative case study was conducted between August and September 2021 in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia. Fifteen (15) individual interviews with women seeking post-abortion care services were` conducted using audio recorders; transcribed data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: We report women's experiences and perceptions of the healthcare system, their experiences of abortion, and healthcare-seeking behavior. We used the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality (AAAQ) framework to understand how women claimed their right to healthcare as they sought and utilized abortion care services. Women who experienced spontaneous abortions delayed seeking health care by viewing symptoms as 'normal pregnancy symptoms' and not dangerous. Women also delayed seeking care because they feared the negative attitudes from their communities and the health care providers towards abortion in general, despite it being legal in Zambia. Some services were considered costly, impeding their right to access quality care. Conclusions: Women delayed seeking care compounded by fear of negative attitudes from the community and healthcare providers. To ensure the provision and utilization of quality abortion-related healthcare services, there is a need to increase awareness of the availability and legality of safe-abortion services, the importance of seeking healthcare early for any abortion-related discomfort, and the provision and availability of free services at all levels of care should be emphasized.

Background/aim We investigated the effect of Kumaizasa leaf extract (KLE) on innate immunity using the HEK293 and RAW 264.7 cell lines. Materials and methods KLE, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), or KLE with LPS were added to RAW 264.7 cells. The TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression was then quantified. The expression of MAPKs, NFĸB, TNF-α and IL-1β proteins was also quantified. In addition, KLE was added to HEK293 cells and the IL-8 concentration was measured. Results In RAW 264.7 cells, KLE increased the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA. By contrast, when KLE and LPS were added to RAW 264.7 cells, the increase in TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA was ameliorated. Similarly, the expression of JNK and ERK proteins was reduced. The addition of KLE to HEK293 cells induced IL-8 production. Conclusion Based on these results, a KLE-mediated mechanism may regulate immunity by suppressing the expression of JNK and ERK, which are involved in inflammatory signal transduction.

Cationic BN-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BN-PAH+ s) were synthesized from a nitrogen-containing macrocycle via pyridine-directed tandem C-H borylation. Incorporating BN into PAH+ resulted in a remarkable hypsochromic shift due to an increase in the LUMO energy and the symmetry changes of the HOMO and LUMO. Electrophilic substitution or anion exchange of BN-PAH+ possessing tetrabromoborate as a counter anion (BN+ [BBr4- ]) afforded air-stable BN-PAH/PAH+ s. Of these, BN+ [TfO- ] allowed reversible two-electron reduction and the formation of two-dimensional brickwork-type π-electronic ion pair with 1,2,3,4,5-pentacyanocyclopentadienyl anion, demonstrating the potential application of BN-PAH+ as electronic materials.

Various counteranions of the thiaporphyrin–NiII complex as a p-electronic cation were exchanged for preparing stable ion pairs. The ion-pairing assembling modes, and properties depended on the geometries and electronic states of the counteranions.