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We compared the outcomes of autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) with those of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) from a human leukocyte antigen-matched related donor in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Newly diagnosed patients who underwent allo-SCT (n = 486) or auto-SCT (n = 99) after achieving first complete remission (CR) were included. Propensity score matching (PS) and an inverse probability of the treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis were applied to compensate for imbalances in baseline characteristics. The 5 years rates of overall survival (OS) among those in the PS-matched cohorts were 57% [95% confidence interval (CI) 46-67%] for those who received allo-SCT and 44% (95% CI 33-54%) for those who received auto-SCT. Multivariable, propensity score-matched, and IPTW analyses all revealed no statistically significant differences in OS between the two groups [hazard ratios (HR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.53-1.27, p = 0.36; HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.40-1.78, p = 0.65; HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.25-2.02, p = 0.53, respectively]. Prospective trials that include autologous transplantation as a treatment option are needed to examine the potential of autologous transplantation.

Parsaclisib, a potent, selective, next-generation PI3Kδ inhibitor, has shown clinical benefit in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma. We undertook a phase Ib study (CITADEL-111) evaluating safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of parsaclisib in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies. Patients received oral parsaclisib daily for 8 weeks then once weekly (10-mg dose, n = 3; 20-mg dose, n = 14). Pharmacokinetic samples were collected on days 1, 8, and 15, and efficacy was monitored according to Lugano criteria. At data cut-off (August 14, 2020), 6 patients (35.3%) remained on study treatment and 11 (64.7%) discontinued due to progressive disease (9 [52.9%]) or adverse events (2 [11.8%]). Median duration of treatment was 8.3 (range, 0.3-24.4) months. The most commonly reported nonhematologic adverse events were constipation (6 [35.3%]), nausea, and pyrexia (each 4 [23.5%]). Five patients (29.4%) experienced treatment-emergent new or worsening decreased neutrophils to grade 3 or 4. No treatment-emergent worsening in aminotransferase elevations to grade 3 or 4 were observed. Ten patients (58.8%) required dose interruption and 5 (29.4%) dose reduction. Body weight-normalized parsaclisib exposure was comparable between Japanese and Western patients. Objective response rate was 100% in follicular lymphoma (9 of 9 patients, including complete response in 2 patients [22.2%]) and marginal zone lymphoma (2 of 2 patients), and 16.7% in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (1 of 6 patients). Results observed in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory follicular or marginal zone lymphoma support further clinical development of parsaclisib in these patient populations.

Background The International Myeloma Working Group response criteria require two consecutive assessments of paraprotein levels. We conducted an exploratory analysis to evaluate whether a single response assessment could be a substitute for the International Myeloma Working Group criteria using data from JCOG1105, a randomized phase II study on melphalan, prednisolone and bortezomib. Methods Of 91 patients with transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, 79 patients were included. We calculated the kappa coefficient to evaluate the degree of agreement between the International Myeloma Working Group criteria and the single response assessment. Results Based on the International Myeloma Working Group criteria, 11 (13.9%), 20 (25.3%), 36 (45.6%) and 12 (15.2%) patients had stringent complete response/complete response, very good partial response, partial response and stable disease, respectively. Based on the single response assessment, 17 (21.5%), 19 (24.1%), 35 (44.3%) and 8 (10.1%) patients had stringent complete response/complete response, very good partial response, partial response and stable disease, respectively. The kappa coefficient was 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.88), demonstrating good agreement. The single response assessment was not inferior to the International Myeloma Working Group criteria in the median progression-free survival (3.8 and 2.9 years) in stringent complete response/complete response patients, suggesting that the single response assessment was not an overestimation. Conclusions The single response assessment could be a substitute for the current International Myeloma Working Group criteria for transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma., The single response assessment could be a substitute for the current International Myeloma Working Group criteria with two consecutive assessments in patients with transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Follicular T-cell lymphoma (FTCL), one of the nodal T-cell lymphomas with T follicular helper (TFH) phenotype, is an uncommon disease. The diagnosis of FTCL is challenging on the distinction from the morphological mimics mostly exemplified by follicular lymphoma. Here, we described a case of FTCL that mimicked lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma (LRCHL). A 47-year-old male presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. The biopsy specimen demonstrated nodular lymphoid proliferation, which included scattered CD30+ CD15- CD20- PAX5 weakly+ Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like cells and a rich distribution of CD3+ CD4+ PD1+ T-cells. Epstein Barr virus was not detected in HRS-like cells, but it was detected in a small proportion of the scattered lymphocytes. The large cells were also negative for programmed cell death ligand 1, which appeared to be coincidental as described in our previous report of LRCHL. However, flow cytometry showed a CD3- CD4+ T-cell population that constituted 37.4% of all gated lymphocytes. A PCR analysis showed a clonal T-cell receptor-gamma gene rearrangement, but not a clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement, and showed RHOA G17V mutation. The constellation of these findings led us to revise the diagnosis to FTCL. This result indicated that our case belonged to a relatively indolent subgroup of nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma of TFH phenotype, which affects patients ≤60 years old, recently proposed by our group. This case report expands our understanding of the morphologic spectrum of FTCL and its clinicopathologic significance.

We established an IL-2 and IL-4 (IL2/4) - dependent adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) cell line (YG-PLL) by adding poly-L-lysine (PLL) to the culture medium. YG-PLL originates from lymphoma cells and contains a defective HTLV-I proviral genome. Although YG-PLL cannot survive without IL-2/4, the follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like cell line HK expressing OX40-ligand gene (OX40L+HK) inhibited their death in the presence of soluble neutral polymers. After the prevention of cell death, YG-PLL proliferated on OX40L+HK without IL2/4 in the presence of two kinds of positively or negatively charged polymers. In particular, dermatan sulfate and poly-L-histidine supported growth for more than 4 months. Therefore, the original lymphoma cells proliferated transiently in the presence of IL2/4, and their growth arrest was inhibited by the addition of PLL. Furthermore, YG-PLL lost IL2/4 dependency by the following 3-step procedure: preculture with IL2/4 and neutral polymers, 3-day culture with neutral polymer on OX40L+HK to inhibit cell death, and co-culture with OX40L+HK in the presence of the positively and negatively charged polymers. The extracellular environment made by soluble polymers plays a role in the growth of ATLL in vitro.

Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) treated with chemoimmunotherapy has limited efficacy in some patients, resulting in relapsed or refractory disease. Avadomide (CC‐122) is a novel cereblon‐binding agent that exhibits antilymphoma and immune‐modulation activities with a biological profile distinct from similar agents, such as lenalidomide. This phase I multicenter study evaluated avadomide in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors or NHL. Fourteen patients with NHL and one with a solid tumor (esophageal carcinoma), were enrolled in four dose‐escalation cohorts using a 3 + 3 design. Primary endpoints included safety, dose‐limiting toxicities (DLT), maximum‐tolerated dose and/or recommended phase II dose (RP2D), and pharmacokinetics. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR) and duration of response. One patient with NHL experienced DLT, which included face edema, pharyngeal edema, and tumor flare (all grade 1) that led to a dose reduction. Eleven patients had grade ≥3 treatment‐emergent adverse events, most frequently decreased neutrophil count (33%) and decreased lymphocyte count (20%). The ORR in patients with NHL (n = 13) was 54%, including four complete and three partial responses. The best response for the solid tumor patient was progressive disease. Avadomide dose intensity was consistent across cohorts, and the 3‐mg dose given five consecutive days/week was established as the RP2D. This phase I study identified a tolerable dose of avadomide, with an acceptable toxicity profile and clinically meaningful efficacy in Japanese patients with previously treated NHL., Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is typically treated with chemoimmunotherapy but approximately one‐third of patients develop relapsed and/or refractory disease and require alternative treatments. This phase I study of the novel cereblon‐binding agent avadomide (CC‐122) identified a dose with an acceptable safety profile and clinically meaningful efficacy in Japanese patients with previously treated NHL.

Dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is commonly used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. A rare side effect is peripheral neuropathy. A 54-year-old woman experienced gradually accelerated dysesthesia and hypoesthesia in her extremities, 2 months following treatment with dasatinib. Nerve conduction studies revealed a prolonged conduction velocity with temporal dispersion, indicating demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. After changing dasatinib to nilotinib, both her clinical symptoms and electrophysiological data gradually improved. We herein report the findings of this case with a review of the pertinent literature.

Summary Background Standard treatment for untreated advanced-stage follicular lymphoma is rituximab plus chemotherapy. The incidence of histological transformation of follicular lymphoma has been reported only in heterogeneously treated populations and rarely with long-term follow-up. Additionally, the incidence of secondary malignancies after treatment, without high-dose therapy for follicular lymphoma, is largely unknown. The aim of our study was to assess progression-free survival, overall survival, incidence of secondary malignancies, and incidence of histological transformation in a 10-year follow-up analysis of the JCOG0203 trial. Methods In the phase 2–3 randomised JCOG0203 trial, previously untreated patients with stage III or IV indolent B-cell lymphoma, including grades 1–3 follicular lymphoma, from 44 hospital centres in Japan, were randomly assigned (1:1) by use of a minimisation method to receive six cycles of R-CHOP (rituximab [375 mg/m2], given on day 1, plus cyclophosphamide [750 mg/m2], doxorubicin [50 mg/m2], vincristine [1·4 mg/m2, capped at 2·0 mg] given intravenously on day 3, and oral prednisone [100 mg once daily on days 3–7]) every 3 weeks (R-CHOP-21) or every 2 weeks (enabled by mandatory granulocyte-colony stimulating factor administration once daily for 6 days, starting on day 8; R-CHOP-14) without rituximab maintenance. Age, bulky disease (nodal or extranodal mass ≥10 cm in diameter on CT), and institution were used as adjustment factors. Investigators enrolled participants, and assignment to trial groups was done with a computer-assisted randomisation allocation sequence that took place centrally at the Japan Clinical Oncology Group Data Center, without the intervention of investigators. Interventions were not masked for patients or investigators. Data were collected 10 years after enrolment of the last patient. The primary endpoint of the phase 3 part of the study was progression-free survival, and the primary endpoint of the phase 2 part of the study was the proportion of patients who achieved a complete response. Accrual was 4·5 years, and follow-up was 3 years after registration was closed. Data were updated on the cutoff date of Feb 28, 2017. Intention-to-treat analyses (ie, progression-free survival, overall survival, and incidence of secondary malignancies) were predefined, to be done at 10 years after the last patient was enrolled. An additional analysis of the incidence of histological transformation was defined 15 years after the protocol, on May 8, 2017, in a supplementary analysis plan, and assessed at 10 years after the last patient was enrolled. Follow-up is ongoing. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00147121. Findings Between Sept 1, 2002, and Feb 28, 2007, 300 patients were enrolled, and 149 (50%) were assigned to the R-CHOP-21 group and 151 (50%) were assigned to the R-CHOP-14 group. After eligibility was assessed, one patient was excluded from the R-CHOP-21 group. 10-year progression-free survival was not different between groups (R-CHOP-21 33%, 95% CI 25–41; R-CHOP-14 39%, 31–47; hazard ratio 0·89, 95% CI 0·67–1·17). In 248 patients with grade 1–3a follicular lymphoma, progression-free survival was 39% (33–45) at 8 years and 36% (30–42) at 10 years. The cumulative incidence of histological transformation was 3·2% (95% CI 1·5–6·0) at 5 years, 8·5% (5·4–12·4) at 8 years, and 9·3% (6·1–13·4) at 10 years after enrolment. At 10 years, the cumulative incidence of secondary malignancies was 8·1% (5·1–12·0) and the cumulative incidence of haematological secondary malignancies was 2·9% (1·3–5·5). Interpretation R-CHOP is a viable option for first-line treatment in patients with newly diagnosed advanced follicular lymphoma. Clinicians choosing a first-line treatment for patients with follicular lymphoma should be cautious of secondary malignancies caused by immunochemotherapy and severe complications of infectious diseases in the long-term follow-up—both of which could lead to death. Funding National Cancer Center and Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.

Growing adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) cells in vitro is difficult. Here, we examined the effects of static electricity in the culture medium on the proliferation of ATLL cells. Six out of 10 ATLL cells did not proliferate in vitro and thus had to be cultured in a medium containing negatively charged polymers. In the presence of poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) or chondroitin sulfate (CDR), cell lines (HKOX3-PGA, HKOX3-CDR) were established from the same single ATLL case using interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and feeder cells expressing OX40L (OX40L(+)HK). Dextran sulfate inhibited growth in both HKOX3 cell lines. Both PGA and OX40L(+)HK were indispensable for HKOX3-PGA growth, but HKOX3-CDR could proliferate in the presence of CDR or OX40L(+)HK alone. Thus, the specific action of each negatively charged polymer promoted the growth of specific ATLL cells in vitro.

The effect on the gas permeance properties and structural morphology of the presence of methyl functional groups in a silica membrane was studied. Membranes were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 650 &deg, C and atmospheric pressure using three silicon compounds with differing numbers of methyl- and methoxy-functional groups: tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS), methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS), and dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMOS). The residence time of the silica precursors in the CVD process was adjusted for each precursor and optimized in terms of gas permeance and ideal gas selectivity criteria. Final H2 permeances at 600 &deg, C for the TMOS-, MTMOS-, and DMDMOS-derived membranes were respectively 1.7 &times, 10&minus, 7, 2.4 &times, 7, and 4.4 &times, 8 mol∙m&minus, 2∙s&minus, 1∙Pa&minus, 1 and H2/N2 selectivities were 990, 740, and 410. The presence of methyl groups in the membranes fabricated with the MTMOS and DMDMOS precursors was confirmed via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. From FTIR analysis, an increasing methyl signal in the silica structure was correlated with both an improvement in the hydrothermal stability and an increase in the apparent activation energy for hydrogen permeation. In addition, the permeation mechanism for several gas species (He, H2, Ne, CO2, N2, and CH4) was determined by fitting the gas permeance temperature dependence to one of three models: solid state, gas-translational, or surface diffusion.

To demonstrate the possibility of stress measurement at depths of more than 3 km, in-situ stress states were determined around the source faults of three seismic events: a Mw2.2 seismic event at about 3.3 km below surface in Mponeng gold mine, a Mw3.5 seismic event at about 3.5 km below surface in the Savuka gold mine, and the Orkney earthquake (Mw5.5), with its hypocentre about 5 km below surface, beneath the Moab Khotsong gold mine. The Mw2.2 seismic event occurred in a 30 m thick gabbroic dyke that intruded into a host rock of quartzite. A 90 m long borehole was drilled to penetrate its source fault. Borehole breakout and core discing were observed in the host rock and the hanging wall of the source fault, i.e., in the dyke. Diametrical core deformation analysis (DCDA) and deformation rate analysis (DRA) were applied to core samples retrieved from the borehole. The DCDA determines the differential stress in the plane normal to a borehole by measuring the cross-section shape of a core sample, while the DRA reproduces the normal stress in the orientation in which a cyclic loading is applied, i.e., to obtain hysteresis of the stress-strain curves. By integrating these measurements and criteria of the borehole breakout and the core discing, the principal stress states in the host rock, the footwall in the dyke and the hanging wall in the dyke were reproduced. Significant differences were found between the stress states in the footwall and the hanging wall. The Mw3.5 seismic event occurred in a 36 m thick dyke called BV78. A tunnel that was damaged by the seismic event passed through the source region. The compact conical-ended borehole overcoring (CCBO) technique was applied at two sites along the tunnel; one site was in an area de-stressed by mining and the other about 10 m from the dyke in an area of increased stress owing to the mining abutment above. DCDA was also applied to the core samples. Three boreholes (Hole A, Hole B and Hole C) that reach an aftershock area in the upper margin of the source fault of the Orkney earthquake (Mw5.5), were drilled by the ICDP-DSeis project (Ogasawara et al, 2019). Since the holes were designed to be drilled in the direction of the maximum compression, borehole breakout or core discing rarely occurred. The DCDA was applied to core samples recovered from Hole A and Hole B. The DRA was also applied to core samples of Hole A. The differential and the normal stresses along Hole A showed a spatial variation that correlates with a variation in lithology and the aftershock distribution.

Immunophenotype is an important prognostic factor for childhood and adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, immunophenotypic data from adult patients with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) are scarcely available.Subjects were unselected adult patients with T-LBL who were treated with intensive chemotherapy. Immunophenotyping of tumor cells was performed according to standard techniques.A total of eight patients with a median age of 31 years were analyzed who received hyper-CVAD treatment for LBL. Immunophenotypic analysis showed that the most common tumor type was cortical T-cell type [early T (n = 2), cortical T (n = 4), and medullary T (n = 2)]. Two patients diagnosed with early T-cell type had early disease progression.Assessment of T-cell differentiation stages in malignant T lymphoblasts would be important in choosing treatment strategies for adult patients with T-LBL.

Malignant lymphomas encompass various types of lymphoid neoplasms, possibly originating from cells in various stages of differentiation. The development of high throughput technologies based on knowledge of the human genome identifies novel mutations, epigenetic alterations, and signaling pathways characteristics of each of the lymphoma subtypes. The mutational landscape of tumors may have a clinical impact in terms of identifying rational approaches for molecular target therapy and predictive biomarkers for new therapies. This review will focus on our current understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms, new molecular target drugs, and their activity in lymphomas.

Risk stratification of patients with relapsed and refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) remains challenging. Recently, much attention has been paid to the impact of early progression of disease within 2 years of diagnosis (early POD) on subsequent survival. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical features and prognostic factors of patients with FL who experienced early POD. Data were available for 94 patients diagnosed with FL (clinical stage II–IV) who had received immunochemotherapy. Early POD was seen in 20 % of these patients. The Cox proportional hazards model showed worse overall survival (OS) in the patients with early POD compared with those without early POD (5-year OS rates 48 % vs. 96 %, P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, early POD (P = 0.003) and poor performance status (P = 0.006) remained a significant factor for subsequent OS. In Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI)- and Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index-2 (FLIPI2)-adjusted Cox regression analysis, early POD was associated with markedly reduced OS with a hazard ratio of 11.2 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 3.13–40.3, P < 0.001] and 13.5 (95 % CI 3.22–56.3, P < 0.003), respectively. Among patients who had early POD, high levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) both at the time of initial diagnosis and first progression could be associated with worse survival (2-year OS rates 33 vs. 92 %, P < 0.0001). Evaluation of LDH levels at the time of initial diagnosis and first progression may be important to define patients who were associated with worse prognosis. Risk stratification of patients with early POD could lead to improved clinical outcomes for FL patients. Further research is needed to investigate its value for decision making.

Observando o potencial energético do palhiço da cana-de-açúcar, iniciou o recolhimento dessa biomassa, realizado pelas máquinas enfardadoras. O recolhimento mecanizado do palhiço encontra alguns entraves como altos custos, heterogeneidade e baixa densidade do palhiço, além de se utilizar, atualmente, equipamentos de baixa capacidade operacional e custos elevados, por serem equipamentos adaptados para colheita de forragens. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho operacional e econômico do enfardamento de palhada de cana-de-açúcar utilizando duas enfardadoras em dois volumes diferentes de palha aleirada. O ensaio foi realizado durante a safra 2014, em área de produção de cana-de-açúcar da usina canavieira Caeté S/A, localizada no município de São Miguel dos Campos – AL. Foram ensaiados dois modelos de enfardadoras de fardos prismáticos retangulares, em dois volumes diferentes de aleiramento do palhiço, e os tratamentos consistiram em: E1V1 (Enfardadora 1 – 50% de volume de palhiço enleirado), E2V1 (Enfardadora 2 – 50% de volume de palhiço enleirado), E1V2 (Enfardadora 1 – 90% de volume de palhiço enleirado) e E2V2 (Enfardadora 2 – 90% de volume de palhiço enleirado). A enfardadora 2 apresentou Cct e Cco melhores (6,57 e 5,87 ha h-1) respectivamente. O menor custo operacional foi obtido no tratamento E1V1, de R$750,34 h-1. O tratamento E2V2 apresentou menor custo por fardo produzido e por tonelada de matéria seca de palha enfardada (MS), R$16,17 fardo-1 e R$30,84 Ton.MS-1 respectivamente.Palavras-chave: Biomassa, Enfardamento, Custo. OPERATIONAL AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE EVALUTION OF SUGAR - CANE STRAW PRISMATIC BALES USING DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF STRAW ACCUMULATEDABSTRACT: Considering the sugar cane straw energy potential, this biomass started to be collected by baling machines. It’s mecanized harvesting face some obstacles such as high costs, heterogeneity and low density of the straw. In addition there are low operational capacity and high costs, since equipment are adapted from fodder harvesting. This study aimed to evaluate the operational and economic performance of baler machines using two balers with different amounts of straw accumulated. The experiment was carried during the 2014 sugarcane harvest, at Caeté S / A, located in São Miguel dos Campos, Alagoas States, Brazil. Two models of rectangular prismatic balers machines were tested with two different amounts of straw accumulated,: E1V1 (Baler 1 - 50% amounts of straw accumulated), E2V1 (Baler 2 - 50% amounts of straw accumulated) E1V2 (Baler 1 - 90% amounts of straw accumulated) and E2V2 (Baler 2 - 90% amounts of straw accumulated). The baler machine 2 presented better theoretic field capacity and oprerational field capacity (6.57 and 5.87 ha-1 respectively). The lowest operating cost was obtained in the E1V1 treatment, from R $ 750.34 h-1. The E2V2 treatment presented lowest costs per bale produced and per ton of dry matter, R $ 16.17 bale and R $ 30.84 Ton - MS-1 respectively.KEYWORDS: Biomass, Baling, Cost

A colheita mecanizada da cana-de-acucar foi implantada devido a questoes economicas, operacionais e ambientais. Desta forma o material remanescente das operacoes de colheita mecanizada pode causar problemas como a incidencia de pragas de dificil controle e incendios acidentais e criminosos. A utilizacao do residuo disponivel no campo, atraves do recolhimento e enfardamento desse material, proporciona novas fontes de energia para a industria. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho operacional e economico de duas enfardadoras de palhico de cana-de-acucar em condicoes distintas de velocidade e quantidades de palhico Aleirada para enfardamento, em uma usina canavieira no municipio de Sao Miguel dos Campos – AL. As maquinas foram avaliadas em tres volumes diferentes de recolhimento do palhico, regulando-se o aleirador para o recolhimento de cada volume de palhico. Foi avaliado, o tempo de producao entre cada fardo, a quantidade de fardos produzidos por hora por cada maquina, distâncias entre fardos, capacidade operacional, custo horario e operacional de trabalho. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o T1 proporcionou menor tempo na producao entre fardos. A menor distância entre fardos foi no T1 com media de 61 metros, entre cada fardo produzido A Maquina 2 produziu maior quantidade de fardos por hora. A Maquina 2 apresentou maior rendimento operacional (49,7% e 51,8%) no volume de 50% e 70% respectivamente. A enfardadora 2 apresentou menor custo operacional de R$ 28,39 ha -1 quando recolhido 70% do volume total do palhico. Quanto mais se recolhe palhico, menor sera o custo por fardo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE : Enfardamento, Residuo Vegetal, Biomassa COMPARISON OF TWO BALERS PRODUCTION OF SUGAR CANE STRAWBALES PRISMATIC SQUARE. ABSTRACT: The mechanized harvesting of sugar cane was implemented due to economic, operational, and environmental issues. Thus, the remaining material of mechanized harvesting operations can cause problems such as the incidence of difficult to control pests and accidental and criminal fire. The use of the residue available in the field, through collection and baling of this material provides new energy sources for industry. This study aimed to evaluate the operational and economic performance of two balers for sugar cane straw under conditions of speed and amounts of straw accumulated for baling, at a sugar cane company located in Sao Miguel dos Campos - AL. The machines were evaluated in three different volumes of straw gathering, regulating the straw collecting volume. The production time between each burden, the quantity of bales produced per hour for each machine, the distances between bales operating capacity and operating cost per hour of labor were assessed. The results showed that the T1 took less time in production between bales. The shortest distance between bales was reach by the T1 with an average of 61 meters between each bale produced Machine 2 produced the greatest amount of bales per hour. The machine 2 presented higher operating efficiencies, 49.7% and 51.8%, collecting 50% and 70% volume of straw, respectively. The baler 2 showed lower cost (R$ 28.39 ha -1 ) collecteing 70% of the total volume of straw. The more straw volume was collected, the lower was the cost per bale. KEYWORDS: Baling, Plant residue, Biomass.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar quantitativa e qualitativamente a deposicao de sementes de sorgo na semeadura por fluxo continuo em diferentes velocidades de deslocamento e inclinacao do terreno. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Lageado, pertencente a Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas/UNESP de Botucatu/SP. Foram utilizadas sementes de sorgo Qualimax AG1040 e uma semeadora modelo SHM15/17 de fluxo continuo com mecanismo dosador das sementes do tipo rotor acanalado helicoidal. Os resultados demonstraram que quando maior a velocidade e a inclinacao do terreno, a quantidade de sementes depositadas pelas semadora e reduzida. Para velocidade de 7 km h -1 e inclinacao do terreno maior que 13% a deposicao de sementes foi reduzida em ate 22,5%. Os danos mecânicos nas sementes nao sao influenciados pelo aumento da velocidade da semeadora de fluxo continuo e a inclinacao do terreno, a ocorrencia de danos as sementes e causad pela forma de funcionamento do mecanismo dosador. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Relevo do terreno, deposicao, danos mecânicos em sementes. INFLUENCE OF TERRAIN INCLINATION AND OPERATING SPEED IN SORGHUM SEEDING BY CONTINUOUS FLOW SEEDER ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the deposition of sorghum seeds at sowing by continuous flow at different speeds of displacement and inclination of the land. The study was conducted at Lageado Farm, belonging to the Fculty of Agricultural Sciences/UNESP in Botucatu/SP. Were used sorghum seeds Qualimax AG1040 and a seeder model SHM15/17 of continuous flow. The results showed that the greater the speed and the slope, the amount of seeds is deposited by reduced seeder in continuous flow. To speed of 7 km h -1 and most field gradient 13% to deposition of seed was reduced to 22,5%. Mechanical damage to the seeds are not influenced by increasing the speed of continuous flow sower and the inclination of the land, the occurrence of damage to the seeds is causad the way of functioning of the metering system.. KEYWORDS: Terrain relief, deposition, mechanical damage in seeds.

Background: Rituximab-combined chemotherapy improves survival in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL), however, many patients have a risk of eventual relapse. Recently, early progression of FL within the first 2 years has been reported to be associated with poor outcomes (Casulo C. et al., 55th ASH Annual Meeting abstract # 510). We conducted a retrospective study to analyze clinical features and prognostic factors of patients with FL in early progression. Methods: Among 181 consecutive FL patients newly diagnosed in our institute, data were available for 95 patients who were diagnosed as clinical stage II to IV and received R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) based chemotherapy. Early relapse was defined in this study as early progression within the first 2 years after initial diagnosis. Results: With a median follow-up of 6.3 years (range: 0.7-14.0 years), the 6-year overall (OS) and progression-free survival rates (PFS) of the 95 patients were 89% (95%CI: 81 to 94) and 60% (95%CI: 49 to 70), respectively. Cumulative incidence of relapse at 2 and 6 years was 19% (95%CI: 12 to 28) and 36% (95%CI: 25 to 46), respectively. Of the 95 patients, a total of 35 patients experienced relapses, of which 18 patients with 8 male had early relapse. Patients with early relapse demonstrated worse OS compared with that of patients who experienced relapses beyond the first 2 years [the 6-year OS rates: 100% vs. 65% (P = 0.0083, Log-rank)]. At initial diagnosis, the median age of the 18 early relapsed cases was 55 years (range: 39 to 72) and 7 patients were more than 60 years of age. Seventeen patients were initially diagnosed as stage III and IV. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels at the time of first diagnosis and progression were elevated in 10 and 7 patients, respectively. Fourteen patients had high tumor burden defined by Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomas Folliculaires (GELF) criteria. According to Follicular lymphoma international prognostic index 2 (FLIPI2), 6 and 9 patients were classified as the groups of intermediate and poor risk, respectively. Pathological diagnosis was performed in 16 of the 18 patients at the time of first progression. Transformation of FL to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) occurred in two patients and tumor sample from one patient included FL with a component of DLBCL. After progression, salvage chemotherapy was undergone in 18 patients and 3 patients received transplantation. Seven patients, all of whom died of FL, showed disease progression within 13 months after initial diagnosis, while no patients died of FL when diagnosis was made after that. With a median follow-up of 3.7 years (range: 1.1-12.0 years), the 3-year OS rate of the early relapsed patients was 67% (95%CI: 40 to 83). Patients with high levels of serum LDH both at initial diagnosis and at the time of first progression showed worse survival [P = 0.0001, Log-rank (Figure 1)]. Deaths due to FL was not observed in patients with low risk groups defined by FLIPI2 and with low tumor burden defined by GELF criteria at initial diagnosis. Conclusions: Early relapse was observed in 19 % of the patients who were diagnosed as clinical stage II to IV and received first-line R-CHOP therapy. Deaths due to FL occurred in patients who had early progression within 13 months after initial diagnosis. Two factors of high levels of LDH both at initial diagnosis and at the time of first progression might be useful prognostic tool to predict deaths from FL. (Figure 1) Overall survival according to serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level at the time of first diagnosis and progression. With a median follow-up of 3.7 years (range: 1.1-12.0 years), the 3-year overall survival rate of the early relapsed patients was 67% (95%CI: 40 to 83). Patients with high levels of serum LDH both at initial diagnosis and at the time of first progression showed worse survival (P = 0.0001, Log-rank). (Figure 1). Overall survival according to serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level at the time of first diagnosis and progression. With a median follow-up of 3.7 years (range: 1.1-12.0 years), the 3-year overall survival rate of the early relapsed patients was 67% (95%CI: 40 to 83). Patients with high levels of serum LDH both at initial diagnosis and at the time of first progression showed worse survival (P = 0.0001, Log-rank). Abbreviations: LDH high, patients with high levels of serum LDH both at initial diagnosis and at the time of first progression; LDH low, the remaining patients Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.