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Even with more ambitious measures to avoid emissions, climate neutrality and thus temperature stabilization can no longer be achieved. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) points this out in its sixth assessment report. In addition to a faster reduction of emissions, a further building block is needed: unavoidable CO2 emissions must be removed from the atmosphere and stored in order to achieve "negative emissions" in this way. What exactly negative emissions are, how they can be generated by nature-based and technological processes, and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are explained in the new edition of our "In a Nutshell!" format., Selbst mit ambitionierteren Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Emissionen lässt sich Klimaneutralität und damit die Stabilisierung der Temperatur nicht mehr erreichen. Darauf weist der Weltklimarat in seinem sechsten Sachstandsbericht hin. Zusätzlich zu einer schnelleren Reduktion der Emissionen muss CO2 der Atmosphäre entzogen und anschließend eingelagert werden, um nicht vermeidbare Restemissionen auszugleichen, etwa aus der Landwirtschaft. Sogenannte „negative Emissionen“ können zum Beispiel durch Aufforstung erzeugt werden. Es gibt aber eine Reihe weiterer natürlicher und technischer Verfahren, den entnommenen Kohlenstoff dauerhaft einzulagern und aus der Atmosphäre fernzuhalten.

Selbst mit ambitionierteren Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Emissionen lässt sich Klimaneutralität und damit die Stabilisierung der Temperatur nicht mehr erreichen. Darauf weist der Weltklimarat in seinem sechsten Sachstandsbericht hin. Zusätzlich zu einer schnelleren Reduktion der Emissionen muss CO2 der Atmosphäre entzogen und anschließend eingelagert werden, um nicht vermeidbare Restemissionen auszugleichen, etwa aus der Landwirtschaft. Sogenannte „negative Emissionen“ können zum Beispiel durch Aufforstung erzeugt werden. Es gibt aber eine Reihe weiterer natürlicher und technischer Verfahren, den entnommenen Kohlenstoff dauerhaft einzulagern und aus der Atmosphäre fernzuhalten., Even with more ambitious measures to avoid emissions, climate neutrality and thus temperature stabilization can no longer be achieved. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) points this out in its sixth assessment report. In addition to a faster reduction of emissions, a further building block is needed: unavoidable CO2 emissions must be removed from the atmosphere and stored in order to achieve "negative emissions" in this way. What exactly negative emissions are, how they can be generated by nature-based and technological processes, and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are explained in the new edition of our "In a Nutshell!" format.

The next four years are critical ��� time is running out, but we still have one last chance. If the new German government is too slow to make the key decisions, it will be almost impossible to meet Germany���s climate targets for 2030 and 2045. But if it recognises that the new parliament offers an opportunity for a fundamental, groundbreaking change of course, it can bring urgently needed momentum to climate and energy policy and help to prevent the irreversible impacts of climate change. In the discussion paper ���If not now, then when ��� making the energy transition happen���, the Academies��� Project ESYS presents a summary of eleven priority action areas for this energy policy reboot.

Three-fluid evaporators can be used for multi-source heat pumps to keep refrigeration circuits simple in design since it avoids the usage of a second or more evaporators. In this work a defrosting control design is presented with a lowered electrical energy demand compared to the standard procedure of reverse cycle defrosting with 4-wayvalves. Objective of this new defrosting concept is to develop a fully autonomous defrosting strategy. The two heat sources allow direct thermal communication of an air source and a second heat source based on a hydronic circuit with the evaporating refrigerant. The proposed defrosting strategy is based on the combination of natural circulation defrosting and a hybrid defrosting strategy which allows defrosting during operation but at the expense of significantly higher heat source inlet temperatures above 0 °C of the hydronic-based heat source. The nominal operation and heat transfer from ambient air will be stopped thus the evaporation temperature can be increased up to defrosting temperature levels. Finally the two concepts of the de-facto standard reverse cycle defrosting and this new hybrid defrosting strategy are compared in their economic efficiency when designed for a single heat pumps.