21 results on '"Henri Fledderus"'
Search Results
2. Step-by-step approach towards stable, semi-transparent, bifacial, rigid and flexible perovskite solar modules
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Sjoerd Veenstra, Ronn Andriessen, Valerio Zardetto, Lukas Simurka, Henri Fledderus, Wiljan Verhees, Dong Zhang, Mehrdad Najafi, İlker Doğan, Petra Manshanden, Andrea Bracesco, Aranzazu Aguirre, Yulia Galagan, Tom Aernouts, Mariadriana Creatore, and Giulia Lucarelli
- Published
- 2022
3. Quantifying the performance gain of 100 cm2bifacial four terminal perovskite-Si tandem modules
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Petra Manshanden, Gianluca Coletti, Victor Rosca, Mark J. Jansen, Koen de Groot, Gertjan J. de Graaff, M. Creatore, Lukas Simurka, Mehrdad Najafi, Valerio Zardetto, Ilkar Dogan, Henri Fledderus, Sjoerd C. Veenstra, EIRES Chem. for Sustainable Energy Systems, Interfaces in future energy technologies, and Plasma & Materials Processing
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Four terminal tandem ,Outdoor performance ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Bifacial modules ,SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Perovskite ,SDG 7 – Betaalbare en schone energie ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Abstract
Improving the performance of solar modules requires the implementation of both spectral and directional irradiance optimization. The performance of bifacial four-terminal tandem minimodules with a 100 cm2 area is reported, both indoor and outdoor measurements. We demonstrate a 24.5 mW/cm2 (bifacial irradiance 200 W/m2) bifacial tandem power density, measured according to a tandem adapted IEC60904-1-2 protocol, which constitutes a 3 mW/cm2 gain with respect to monofacial use. In addition, we show that in outdoor measurements bifacial four terminal tandems outperform identical monofacial four terminal tandems by 26% on average, depending on incident angle, injection level and temperature, in a 10% albedo environment. The average gain is higher for outdoor performance than for indoor performance, due to variations in relative rear irradiance.
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- 2022
4. Experimental Investigation of 2-Terminal Voltage-Matched Perovskite/Crystalline Silicon Tandem Modules
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Siegfried Christiaan Veenstra, L.A.G. Okel, Mariadriana Creatore, Dong Zhang, Mehrdad Najafi, L. Simurka, Gianluca Coletti, Valerio Zardetto, E. Hoek, Ilker Dogan, Henri Fledderus, L.J. Geerligs, P. Manshanden, A. E. A. Bracesco, Interfaces in future energy technologies, Plasma & Materials Processing, and EIRES Chem. for Sustainable Energy Systems
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Materials science ,Silicon ,Tandem ,business.industry ,Aperture ,Photovoltaic system ,crystalline silicon ,tandem ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Series and parallel circuits ,chemistry ,module ,Optoelectronics ,Crystalline silicon ,business ,perovskite ,Voltage ,Perovskite (structure) - Abstract
4-terminal tandem technology is a straightforward approach to bring to the market perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem modules. However, dealing with 4 terminals poses a challenge at system level for practical deployment. We have produced large area 4-terminal perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem modules for a study of the performance of a 2-terminal voltage matched (2T VM) configuration versus an unconstrained 4-terminal (4T) configuration. The 2T VM configuration is a very interesting proposition to deal in practice with 4 terminal tandem technology at module level. The tandem module assembly consisted of 3 perovskite submodules of 31 cells and 100 cm2 aperture area each, and 3 c-Si submodules of 16 cells and 100 cm2 aperture area each. We have varied the voltage-mismatch from 13% to 42%, by varying the electrically connected c-Si string length. The resulting power loss for 2T VM relative to 4T varied between 4.5% and 20%. We have focused on combining one perovskite submodule with the series connection of the three silicon submodules, using the other two perovskite submodules as optical filter only. We find that the 2T VM power output follows roughly the expected values calculated from the individual characteristics, however, with a 2-3% additional power loss. Analysis of this additional power loss will require precise monitoring of time dependence of I-V characteristics, transmission of the submodules, and other relevant parameters.
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- 2021
5. Light‐Soak Stable Semitransparent and Bifacial Perovskite Solar Cells for Single‐Junction and Tandem Architectures
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Mehrdad Najafi, Mirjam Theelen, Henri Fledderus, Dong Zhang, Valerio Zardetto, Bas van Aken, and Sjoerd Veenstra
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Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2022
6. Up-scalable sheet-to-sheet production of high efficiency perovskite module and solar cells on 6-in. substrate using slot die coating
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Sjoerd Veenstra, Ronn Andriessen, Maarten Dörenkämper, Yulia Galagan, Francesco Di Giacomo, Wiljan Verhees, Tamara Merckx, Santhosh Shanmugam, Henri Fledderus, Weiming Qiu, Robert Gehlhaar, Bardo J. Bruijnaers, Tom Aernouts, and Molecular Materials and Nanosystems
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Slot die coating ,Materials science ,Perovskite PV module ,02 engineering and technology ,Substrate (printing) ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Die (integrated circuit) ,Large area ,Coating ,Power output ,SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy ,Perovskite (structure) ,Laser ablation ,Scaling up ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Perovskite solar cells ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Scalability ,engineering ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Layer (electronics) ,SDG 7 – Betaalbare en schone energie - Abstract
Scalable sheet-to-sheet slot die coating processes have been demonstrated for perovskite solar cells and modules. The processes have been developed on 6 in. × 6 in. glass/ITO substrates for two functional layers: the perovskite photo-active layer and the Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer. Perovskite solar cells produced using these slot die coating processes demonstrate device performances identical to the spin coated devices. All manufactured devices illustrate a high level of reproducibility. The developed slot die coating processes were also used for the manufacturing of perovskite PV modules. Large area modules of 12.5 × 13.5 cm2 were realized by slot die coating on 6 in. × 6 in. substrates in combination with newly developed laser ablation processes for conventional P1-P2-P3 monolithic cell interconnections. The modules demonstrate power conversion efficiencies above 10%, with a power output of 1.7 W. This achievement is an important milestone in the development of up-scalable manufacturing technologies for perovskite PV modules.
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- 2018
7. Interconnection Optimization for Highly Efficient Perovskite Modules
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Weiming Qiu, Henri Fledderus, Lucija Rakocevic, Ulrich W. Paetzold, Robert Gehlhaar, Tamara Merckx, and Jef Poortmans
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Optimal design ,Interconnection ,Materials science ,Fabrication ,business.industry ,Photovoltaic system ,02 engineering and technology ,Integrated circuit ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Electrical connection ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,law ,Photovoltaics ,Optoelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Perovskite (structure) - Abstract
This paper reports on the analysis and comparison of mechanical and laser patterning in the fabrication of perovskite thin-film photovoltaic modules. Besides stability, device upscaling and module fabrication is a key challenge for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. Here, the focus is on the optimization of the P2 interconnection that represents the electrical connection between serially connected cells in a module. The specific contact resistivity for P2 interconnection is determined by using an enhanced transmission line method. Mechanical or laser patterning are used to fabricate 4 cm $^{2}$ modules with aperture area efficiencies of up to 15.3% and geometrical fill factors as high as 94%. With the application of a simulation program with an integrated circuit emphasis-based electrical device model, the interconnection losses are quantified, and optimal designs for perovskite modules are presented.
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- 2017
8. Towards large area stable perovskite solar cells and modules
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Wiljan Verhees, Paul Poodt, Mariadriana Creatore, Sjoerd Veenstra, Gianluca Coletti, Herbert Lifka, Ronn Andriessen, Valerio Zardetto, Mehrdad Najafi, Ilker Dogan, Henri Fledderus, Yulia Galagan, Francesco Di Giacomo, Dong Zhang, Claire H. Burgess, Plasma & Materials Processing, Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, and Interfaces in future energy technologies
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Fabrication ,Materials science ,Tandem ,Inkwell ,business.industry ,Orders of magnitude (temperature) ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,large area ,slot die coating ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Atomic layer deposition ,Stack (abstract data type) ,atomic layer deposition ,module ,Optoelectronics ,Deposition (phase transition) ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,perovskite ,Perovskite (structure) - Abstract
In order to commercialize the perovskite solar cells (PSC) technology, efficient and industrial deposition methods over large areas have to be adopted, and the device architectures have to provide long term stability. In this work we combine several upscalable deposition methods to develop a stable semitransparent PSC. The control of the uniformity of perovskite crystallization by tailoring the ink formulation and the drying process was pursued in order to drastically reduce the efficiency losses over an area increase of 3 orders of magnitude (from 0.04 to 100 cm2). When adopting sputtered ITO as top electrode, the stack retains up to 90% of the initial performance after 1000hrs at 85 °C. The use of laser patterning to define P1 P2 and P3 scribes for series interconnected modules enables the fabrication of thermally stable minimodule (4cm2) and large module (100cm2). Finally an outlook on the use of the perovskite device as top cell in a 4T tandem architecture with commercial c-Si cells will be provided.
- Published
- 2019
9. Roll-to-roll slot-die coating of perovskite solar cells with efficiencies up to 13.5%: perspectives from the current status and further potential improvements
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Yulia Galagan, Henri Fledderus, Ike de Vries, Ilker Dogan, Gerwin Kirchner, Francesco Di Giacomo, Sjoerd Veenstra, Harrie Gorter, Ronn Andriessen, and Pim Groen
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business.product_category ,Materials science ,Coating ,business.industry ,engineering ,Die (manufacturing) ,Optoelectronics ,engineering.material ,Current (fluid) ,business ,Perovskite (structure) ,Roll-to-roll processing - Published
- 2019
10. Towards Stable Perovskite Solar Modules Made by Sheet to Sheet and Roll to Roll Fabrication
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Yulia Galagan, Valerio Zardetto, Ronn Andriessen, Pim Groen, Ike de Vries, Francesco Di Giacomo, Wiljan Verhees, Mariadriana Creatore, Tom Aernouts, Harrie Gorter, Dong Zhang, Herbert Lifka, Sjoerd Veenstra, Henri Fledderus, Claire H. Burgess, Meherdad Najafi, Ilker Dogan, and Gerwin Kirchner
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Fabrication ,Materials science ,Engineering physics ,Perovskite (structure) ,Roll-to-roll processing - Published
- 2019
11. Highly Efficient and Stable Rigid Perovskite/Si and Flexible Perovskite/CIGS 4-Terminal Tandems
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Paul Poodt, Henri Fledderus, Valerio Zardetto, Stefan L. Luxembourg, Ronn Andriessen, Mehrdad Najafi, Hans Linden, Bart Geerligs, Hero H. 't Mannetje, Sjoerd Veenstra, Francesco Di Giacomo, Wiljan Verhees, Jürgen Hüpkes, Yulia Galagan, Gianluca Coletti, Herbert Lifka, and Dong Zang
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Crystallography ,Materials science ,Terminal (electronics) ,Energy Efficiency ,Energy / Geological Survey Netherlands ,Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells ,Perovskite (structure) - Abstract
In this work, efficient rigid and flexible semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs) were prepared in inverted (light incidence through hole transport layer) configuration. All layers were deposited by a combination of low-temperature solution-based, sputtering and spatial atomic layer deposition (sALD) techniques, which can be potentially up-scalable for sheet to sheet and roll to roll manufacturing lines. The rigid and flexible opaque PSCs reach stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19% and 16% [1], while rigid ST-PSC reaches 16.4% stabilized PCE. Besides those results, we have developed our current flexible opaque stack to the flexible semi-transparent stack using top TCO electrode and sALD buffer layer. We also highlight that the inverted configuration exhibited extremely high infrared transparency [2] and a remarkable stability during the light and thermal stress. The encapsulated ST-PSCs retained 93% of their initial stabilized PCE after 3000h aging at 85°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Interestingly, using highly transparent transport layers, rigid and flexible ST-PSCs show comparable efficiency by illumination from both rear and front TCO sides, resulting in a bifacility of 99%.
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- 2019
12. Large area >140 cm2 perovskite solar modules made by sheet to sheet and roll to roll fabrication with 14.5% efficiency
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Henri Fledderus, Ike de Vries, Gerwin Kirchner, Harrie Gorter, Pim Groen, Sjoerd Veenstra, Ilker Dogan, Valerio Zardetto, Wiljan Verhees, Ronn Andriesse, Francesco Di Giacomo, Mehrdad Najafi, Herbert Lifka, Yulia Galagan, Tom Aernouts, and Dong Zhang
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Fabrication ,business.product_category ,Materials science ,Aperture ,business.industry ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Roll-to-roll processing ,Coating ,engineering ,Die (manufacturing) ,Optoelectronics ,Energy transformation ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Layer (electronics) ,Perovskite (structure) - Abstract
The industrialization of perovskite solar cells (PSC) require processes to efficiently deposit the constituent layers over large areas. In this work we optimized the use of slot die coating process for both sheet-to-sheet (S2S) and roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing. Particular focus have been put on the control of the uniformity of perovskite crystallization by tailoring the ink formulation and the drying process in order to avoid any efficiency losses over an area increase of 3 orders of magnitude (from 0.09 to 144 cm2). In this way we were able to fabricate 144 cm2 modules with 13.8% stabilized efficiency on aperture area on glass (14.5% on active area). At the same time, by developing the R2R slot die deposition process of the perovskite layer, we demonstrated 160 cm2 flexible module with 10.1 % stabilized efficiency on aperture area (11.0% on active area). In addition, fully R2R coated cells exhibit up to 16% efficiency. An outlook on how to upscale more stable perovskite cells (i.e. with pin structure) will be given. These results prove how to optimize the upscaling process towards large area manufacturing of perovskite solar modules on both rigid and flexible substrate.
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- 2018
13. Translucent, color-neutral and efficient perovskite thin film solar modules
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Manoj Jaysankar, Tom Aernouts, Robert Gehlhaar, Jef Poortmans, Wenya Song, Lucija Rakocevic, and Henri Fledderus
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Photovoltaic devices ,Technology ,Materials science ,Fabrication ,Opacity ,Production capabilities ,Materials Science ,Materials Science, Multidisciplinary ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Power conversion efficiencies ,Physics, Applied ,High power conversion ,Fabrication process ,Materials Chemistry ,Thin film ,Perovskite (structure) ,Laser ablation ,Optical transparency ,Industrial Innovation ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,Perovskite solar cells ,Physics ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Photovoltaic system ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Mechanical scribing ,Transparency (projection) ,Light transmission ,Physical Sciences ,CELLS ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Perovskite thin films - Abstract
© 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Thin film perovskite photovoltaic devices combine high power conversion efficiencies with low weight, large area, high speed production capabilities and high versatility in form factor. With this paper, an additional feature is added to the device property portfolio: optical transparency. Results on translucent perovskite modules with selectively tuned levels of transparency are reported by applying the industrially established fabrication process of partial area ablation to high efficiency opaque devices. After process completion, the final devices consist of opaque areas that absorb the light, and transparent areas that permit neutral light transmission. We compare the effectiveness of using two active area removal techniques: mechanical scribing and laser ablation, and determine the factors that limit the maximum transparency and power conversion efficiency. Moreover, we show how the choice of the ablation method and design of the active area removal pattern affect and limit the maximum light utilization efficiency ratio that can be achieved with this fabrication process. The resulting 4 cm2 translucent modules cover a range of visible light transparency from 7 to 37% with a corresponding power conversion efficiency of 5 to 13%. ispartof: JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C vol:6 issue:12 pages:3034-3041 status: published
- Published
- 2018
14. R2R suitable processing of large area organic electronics with integrated barrier layer using short-pulsed lasers
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Udo Klotzbach, Niels Friedrich-Schilling, Henri Fledderus, and Thomas Kuntze
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Organic electronics ,Barrier layer ,Materials science ,business.industry ,law ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Laser ,law.invention - Published
- 2018
15. Towards roll-to-roll production of perovskite solar cells: sheet-to-sheet slot-die processing of high efficiency cells and modules
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Wiljan Verhees, Yulia Galagan, Valerio Zardetto, Henri Fledderus, Ronn Andriessen, Robert Gehlhaar, Pim Groen, Sjoerd Veenstra, Ike de Vries, Weiming Qiu, Santosh Shanmuham, Francesco Di Giacomo, Gerwin Kirschner, Tom Aernouts, Ilker Dogan, Harrie Gorter, and Herbert Lifka
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Materials science ,business.product_category ,Die (manufacturing) ,Composite material ,business ,Perovskite (structure) ,Roll-to-roll processing - Published
- 2018
16. Roll-to-Roll Slot-Die Coated Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) Modules with High Geometrical Fill Factors
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Jan‐Eric J. M. Rubingh, J.P. Teunissen, Hero H. 't Mannetje, Ronn Andriessen, J. Bosman, Harrie Gorter, Santhosh Shanmugam, I.G. de Vries, Wilhelm A. Groen, Ahmed Salem, Henri Fledderus, Rajesh Mandamparambil, and Yulia Galagan
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Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,business.industry ,Nanotechnology ,Substrate (printing) ,engineering.material ,Roll-to-roll processing ,General Energy ,Photoactive layer ,Coating ,PEDOT:PSS ,Screen printing ,engineering ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
Flexible semi-transparent organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules were manufactured by roll-to-roll slot–die coating of three functional layers [ZnO, photoactive layer, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)] and either the screen printing or inkjet printing of the top electrodes. A poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6] phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) layer deposited from non-chlorinated solvents was used as the absorber layer. The modules were realized by slot–die coating of the layers onto a laser-patterned polyethylene terephthalate/indium-tin oxide (PET/ITO) substrate, followed by laser structuring of all coated layers. The top electrodes were realized by high-resolution printing, which, combined with laser patterning of other layers, enables manufacturing of the modules with high geometrical fill factor (92.5%). The modules have an active area of 156 cm2, and contain 13 serially interconnected cells. Two semitransparent electrodes (ITO from the bottom and PEDOT:PSS/Ag-grid from the top side) allow the absorption of photons incident from both sides. The performance of the modules was evaluated and compared among the modules by considering the following factors: (i) roll-to-roll slot–die coated vs. spin-coated layers,(ii) inkjet-printed vs. screen-printed top electrodes, (iii) top vs. bottom illumination. The demonstrated technology is one of the proven feasible ways towards industrial manufacturing of the OPV modules.
- Published
- 2015
17. Roll-to-roll suitable short-pulsed laser scribing of organic photovoltaics and close-to-process characterization
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Philipp Wollmann, Udo Klotzbach, Henri Fledderus, and Thomas Kuntze
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Organic electronics ,Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,Photovoltaic system ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Roll-to-roll processing ,Machining ,Coating ,law ,engineering ,Electronics ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The proper long term operation of organic electronic devices like organic photovoltaics OPV depends on their resistance to environmental influences such as permeation of water vapor. Major efforts are spent to encapsulate OPV. State of the art is sandwich-like encapsulation between two ultra-barrier foils. Sandwich encapsulation faces two major disadvantages: high costs (∼1/3 of total costs) and parasitic intrinsic water (sponge effects of the substrate foil). To fight these drawbacks, a promising approach is to use the OPV substrate itself as barrier by integration of an ultra-barrier coating, followed by alternating deposition and structuring of OPV functional layers. In effect, more functionality will be integrated into less material, and production steps are reduced in number. All processing steps must not influence the underneath barrier functionality, while all electrical functionalities must be maintained. As most reasonable structuring tool, short and ultrashort pulsed lasers USP are used. Laser machining applies to three layers: bottom electrode made of transparent conductive materials (P1), organic photovoltaic operative stack (P2) and top electrode (P3). In this paper, the machining of functional ∼110...250 nm layers of flexible OPV by USP laser systems is presented. Main focus is on structuring without damaging the underneath ultra-barrier layer. The close-to-process machining quality characterization is performed with the analysis tool "hyperspectral imaging" (HSI), which is checked crosswise with the "gold standard" Ca-test. It is shown, that both laser machining and quality controlling, are well suitable for R2R production of OPV.
- Published
- 2017
18. Patterning of organic photovoltaic on R2R processed thin film barriers using IR laser sources
- Author
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Udo Klotzbach, A. Salem, Henri Fledderus, N. Friedrich Schilling, and H. B. Akkerman
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Optical inspection ,Microscope ,Materials science ,Thin films ,Indium nitride ,HOL - Holst ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Fluence ,Microscopes ,law.invention ,Roll-to-roll processing ,010309 optics ,Optics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Process window ,Thin film ,Ultrafast lasers ,TS - Technical Sciences ,Optical properties ,business.industry ,Lasers ,Oxides ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,Indium tin oxide ,Infrared lasers ,Organic photovoltaics ,Femtosecond ,Nano Technology ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
We present the development of laser processes for flexible OPV on roll-to-roll (RR2R) produced thin film barrier with indium tin oxide (ITO) as transparent conductive (TC) bottom electrode. Direct laser structuring of ITO on such barrier films (so-called P1 process) is very challenging since the layers are all transparent, a complete electrical isolation is required, and the laser process should not influence the barrier performance underneath the scribes. Based on the optical properties off the SiN and ITTO, ultra-short pulse lasers inn picosecond and femtosecond regime with standard infrared (IR) wavelength as well as lasers with new a wavelength (22 μm regime) are tested for this purpose. To determine a process window for a specific laser a fixed methodology is adopted. Single pulse ablation tests were followed by scribing experiments where the pulse overlap was tuned by varying laser pulse fluence, writing speed and frequency. To verify that the laser scribing does not result inn barrier damage underneath, a new test method was developed based on the optical Ca-test. This method shows a clear improvement in damage analysis underneath laser scribes over normal optical inspection methods (e.g. microscope, optical profiler, SEM). This way clear process windows can be obtained for IR TC patterning. © (2017) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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19. Up-scaling perovskite solar cell manufacturing from sheet-to-sheet to roll-to-roll: Challenges and solutions
- Author
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Herbert Lifka, Sjoerd Veenstra, F. van den Bruele, I.G. de Vries, Henri Fledderus, Tom Aernouts, Yulia Galagan, Pim Groen, R. Andrissen, Santhosh Shanmugam, F. Di Giacomo, Gerwin Kirchner, and Harrie Gorter
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Slot die coating ,Materials science ,Perovskite solar cell ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Roll-to-roll processing ,Coating ,Flexible solar cell ,Photovoltaics ,Roll-to-roll ,Perovskite (structure) ,Spin coating ,Industrial Innovation ,business.industry ,Sheet-to-sheet ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Evaporation (deposition) ,0104 chemical sciences ,engineering ,Up-scaling ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
Organometallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are extremely promising novel materials for thin-film photovoltaics, exhibiting efficiencies over 22% on glass and over 17% on foil 1, 2. First, a sheet-to-sheet (S2S) production of PSCs and modules on 152x152 mm2 substrates was established, using a combination of sputtering, e-beam evaporation, slot die coating and thermal evaporation (average PCE of 14.6 ± 1.3 % over 64 devices, more than 10% initial PCE on modules). Later the steps towards a roll-to-roll production will be investigated, starting from the optimization of the stack to make it compatible with a faster production at low temperature. A water based SnOx nanoparticles dispersion was used as solution processable ETL, and the deposition process was scaled-up from spin coating to R2R slot die coating on a 300 mm wide roll of PET/ITO. R2R production is often carried out in ambient atmosphere and involve the use of large volumes of materials, thus a first point is the development of a green solvent and precursor system for the perovskite layer to prevent the emission of toxic compound in the environment. The first results on device fabrication are encouraging, which allow partial R2R manufacturing of flexible PSC (R2R coating of SnOx and perovskite, S2S for Spiro-OMeTAD and gold) with stabilized PCE of 12.6%, a remarkable value for these novel devices. This result can be considered an important milestone towards the production of efficient, low cost, lightweight, flexible PSC on large area.
- Published
- 2017
20. Mechanistic study on black and grey spot growth in OLEDs performed on laser-ablated pinholes in the cathode
- Author
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Henri Fledderus, R.R. Janssen, Hylke B. Akkerman, P. van de Weijer, S.H.P.M. de Winter, and Piet Bouten
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Materials science ,Population ,HOL - Holst ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Black spots ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,Degradation ,Optics ,Depletion region ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,OLED ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,education ,010302 applied physics ,education.field_of_study ,TS - Technical Sciences ,Laser ablation ,Operational effect ,Industrial Innovation ,business.industry ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Laser ,Cathode ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Water ingress ,Nano Technology ,Grey spots ,Electronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Black spot ,Light-emitting diode - Abstract
Local laser ablation of the cathode of OLEDs has been applied to create a population of pinholes of the same size. This enables the direct comparison at different conditions of black spots and grey spots in the emission of OLEDs as a result of water ingress into the device. We confirmed earlier observations on the operational effect of black spot growth as determined in a sequential test on particle induced pinholes. Furthermore, we measured the operational effect in parallel, providing data that are test independent. With the same population of pinholes we studied the operational effect of grey spot growth. The observed larger operational effect of grey spot growth with respect to that of black spot growth is attributed to a lateral flow of protons to the centre of the black spot. In this part of the black spot a depletion region is present which is created by transport of H3O+ to the cathode under the influence of the applied electric field. This proposal is supported by the observation of black and grey spot growth in polymer LEDs on basis of PEDOT:PSS with increased pH.
- Published
- 2017
21. Thin-film flexible barriers for PV applications and OLED lighting
- Author
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Benedikt Gburek, Leo M. Toonen, Pradeep Panditha, Piet Bouten, Suzanne H.P.M. de Winter, Wiel Manders, Ahmed Salem, Hylke B. Akkerman, Henri Fledderus, Peter van de Weijer, Pim Groen, Jack J. van Glabbeek, Paul Poodt, Pavel Kudlacek, Merve Anderson, and Jie Shen
- Subjects
Organic electronics ,Fabrication ,business.industry ,Computer science ,02 engineering and technology ,Flexible organic light-emitting diode ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Flexible electronics ,Automotive engineering ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Encapsulation (networking) ,Organic semiconductor ,Solid-state lighting ,law ,OLED ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
To protect organic flexible devices from the ambient, they have to be encapsulated. Depending on the application in mind (OLED lighting, PV) different thin-film encapsulation methodology can be chosen. Each encapsulation process has different requirements and fabrication process freedom might be restricted, for example by mechanical reliability requirements or the total cost of the end product. Here we will show our recent investigations into different thin-film barriers with respect to their application and the route to production.
- Published
- 2016
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