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1. Event Reconstruction in a Liquid Xenon Time Projection Chamber with an Optically-Open Field Cage

Author

Stiegler, T., Sangiorgio, S., Brodsky, J. P., Heffner, M., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ni, K., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Worcester, M., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

nEXO is a proposed tonne-scale neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiment using liquid ${}^{136}Xe$ (LXe) in a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to read out ionization and scintillation signals. Between the field cage and the LXe vessel, a layer of LXe ("skin" LXe) is present, where no ionization signal is collected. Only scintillation photons are detected, owing to the lack of optical barrier around the field cage. In this work, we show that the light originating in the skin LXe region can be used to improve background discrimination by 5% over previous published estimates. This improvement comes from two elements. First, a fraction of the $\gamma$-ray background is removed by identifying light from interactions with an energy deposition in the skin LXe. Second, background from ${}^{222}Rn$ dissolved in the skin LXe can be efficiently rejected by tagging the $\alpha$ decay in the ${}^{214}Bi-{}^{214}Po$ chain in the skin LXe., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures

Published
2020
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2. Reflectance of Silicon Photomultipliers at Vacuum Ultraviolet Wavelengths

Author

Lv, P., Cao, G. F., Wen, L. J., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Mamahit, S. Byrne, Caden, E., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Doria, L., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Watkins, J., Wei, W., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Characterization of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) reflectance of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) is important for large-scale SiPM-based photodetector systems. We report the angular dependence of the specular reflectance in a vacuum of SiPMs manufactured by Fondazionc Bruno Kessler (FBK) and Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK) over wavelengths ranging from 120 nm to 280 nm. Refractive index and extinction coefficient of the thin silicon-dioxide film deposited on the surface of the FBK SiPMs are derived from reflectance data of a FBK silicon wafer with the same deposited oxide film as SiPMs. The diffuse reflectance of SiPMs is also measured at 193 nm. We use the VUV spectral dependence of the optical constants to predict the reflectance of the FBK silicon wafer and FBK SiPMs in liquid xenon.

Published
2019
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3. Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode

Author

Njoya, O., Tsang, T., Tarka, M., Fairbank, W., Kumar, K. S., Rao, T., Wager, T., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hossl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Krucken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retiere, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Measurements of electron drift properties in liquid and gaseous xenon are reported. The electrons are generated by the photoelectric effect in a semi-transparent gold photocathode driven in transmission mode with a pulsed ultraviolet laser. The charges drift and diffuse in a small chamber at various electric fields and a fixed drift distance of 2.0 cm. At an electric field of 0.5 kV/cm, the measured drift velocities and corresponding temperature coefficients respectively are $1.97 \pm 0.04$ mm/$\mu$s and $(-0.69\pm0.05)$\%/K for liquid xenon, and $1.42 \pm 0.03$ mm/$\mu$s and $(+0.11\pm0.01)$\%/K for gaseous xenon at 1.5 bar. In addition, we measure longitudinal diffusion coefficients of $25.7 \pm 4.6$ cm$^2$/s and $149 \pm 23$ cm$^2$/s, for liquid and gas, respectively. The quantum efficiency of the gold photocathode is studied at the photon energy of 4.73 eV in liquid and gaseous xenon, and vacuum. These charge transport properties and the behavior of photocathodes in a xenon environment are important in designing and calibrating future large scale noble liquid detectors.

Published
2019
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4. Reflectivity and PDE of VUV4 Hamamatsu SiPMs in Liquid Xenon

Author

Nakarmi, P., Ostrovskiy, I., Soma, A. K., Retiere, F., Kharusi, S. Al, Alfaris, M., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Blatchford, J., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Mamahit, S. Byrne, Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Doria, L., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößle, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, l J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, r V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Understanding reflective properties of materials and photodetection efficiency (PDE) of photodetectors is important for optimizing energy resolution and sensitivity of the next generation neutrinoless double beta decay, direct detection dark matter, and neutrino oscillation experiments that will use noble liquid gases, such as nEXO, DARWIN, DarkSide-20k, and DUNE. Little information is currently available about reflectivity and PDE in liquid noble gases, because such measurements are difficult to conduct in a cryogenic environment and at short enough wavelengths. Here we report a measurement of specular reflectivity and relative PDE of Hamamatsu VUV4 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with 50 micrometer micro-cells conducted with xenon scintillation light (~175 nm) in liquid xenon. The specular reflectivity at 15 deg. incidence of three samples of VUV4 SiPMs is found to be 30.4+/-1.4%, 28.6+/-1.3%, and 28.0+/-1.3%, respectively. The PDE at normal incidence differs by +/-8% (standard deviation) among the three devices. The angular dependence of the reflectivity and PDE was also measured for one of the SiPMs. Both the reflectivity and PDE decrease as the angle of incidence increases. This is the first measurement of an angular dependence of PDE and reflectivity of a SiPM in liquid xenon., Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables. As accepted by JINST

Published
2019
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5. Simulation of charge readout with segmented tiles in nEXO

Author

Li, Z., Cen, W. R., Robinson, A., Moore, D. C., Wen, L. J., Odian, A., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C. R., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

nEXO is a proposed experiment to search for the neutrino-less double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{136}$Xe in a tonne-scale liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC). The nEXO TPC will be equipped with charge collection tiles to form the anode. In this work, the charge reconstruction performance of this anode design is studied with a dedicated simulation package. A multi-variate method and a deep neural network are developed to distinguish simulated $0\nu\beta\beta$ signals from backgrounds arising from trace levels of natural radioactivity in the detector materials. These simulations indicate that the nEXO TPC with charge-collection tiles shows promising capability to discriminate the $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal from backgrounds. The estimated half-life sensitivity for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay is improved by $\sim$20$~(32)\%$ with the multi-variate~(deep neural network) methods considered here, relative to the sensitivity estimated in the nEXO pre-conceptual design report.

Published
2019
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6. Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

Author

Gallina, G., Giampa, P., Retiere, F., Kroeger, J., Zhang, G., Ward, M., Margetak, P., Lic, G., Tsang, T., Doria, L., Kharusi, S. Al, Alfaris, M., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Blatchford, J., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Croix, A. De St., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hoßl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Krucken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lana, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonarda, D. S., Lik, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Linw, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepkez, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

In this paper we report on the characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 (S/N: S13370-6152) Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) sensitive Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) as part of the development of a solution for the detection of liquid xenon scintillation light for the nEXO experiment. Various SiPM features, such as: dark noise, gain, correlated avalanches, direct crosstalk and Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) were measured in a dedicated setup at TRIUMF. SiPMs were characterized in the range $163 \text{ } \text{K} \leq \text{T}\leq 233 \text{ } \text{K}$. At an over voltage of $3.1\pm0.2$ V and at $\text{T}=163 \text{ }\text{K}$ we report a number of Correlated Avalanches (CAs) per pulse in the $1 \upmu\text{s}$ interval following the trigger pulse of $0.161\pm0.005$. At the same settings the Dark-Noise (DN) rate is $0.137\pm0.002 \text{ Hz/mm}^{2}$. Both the number of CAs and the DN rate are within nEXO specifications. The PDE of the Hamamatsu VUV4 was measured for two different devices at $\text{T}=233 \text{ }\text{K}$ for a mean wavelength of $189\pm7\text{ nm}$. At $3.6\pm0.2$ V and $3.5\pm0.2$ V of over voltage we report a PDE of $13.4\pm2.6\text{ }\%$ and $11\pm2\%$, corresponding to a saturation PDE of $14.8\pm2.8\text{ }\%$ and $12.2\pm2.3\%$, respectively. Both values are well below the $24\text{ }\%$ saturation PDE advertised by Hamamatsu. More generally, the second device tested at $3.5\pm0.2$ V of over voltage is below the nEXO PDE requirement. The first one instead yields a PDE that is marginally close to meeting the nEXO specifications. This suggests that with modest improvements the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs could be considered as an alternative to the FBK-LF SiPMs for the final design of the nEXO detector.

Published
2019
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7. Study of Silicon Photomultiplier Performance in External Electric Fields

Author

Sun, X. L., Tolba, T., Cao, G. F., Lv, P., Wen, L. J., Odian, A., Vachon, F., Alamre, A., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Côté, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Gallina, G., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Michel, T., Moe, M., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Sinclair, D., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wang, Q., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report on the performance of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) light sensors operating in electric field strength up to 30 kV/cm and at a temperature of 149K, relative to their performance in the absence of an external electric field. The SiPM devices used in this study show stable gain, photon detection efficiency, and rates of correlated pulses, when exposed to external fields, within the estimated uncertainties. No observable physical damage to the bulk or surface of the devices was caused by the exposure., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables and two conferences (INPC2016 and TIPP2017)

Published
2018
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8. Imaging individual barium atoms in solid xenon for barium tagging in nEXO

Author

Chambers, C., Walton, T., Fairbank, D., Craycraft, A., Yahne, D. R., Todd, J., Iverson, A., Fairbank, W., Alamare, A., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Cree, W., Côté, M., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, T. I. Totev. R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wang, Q., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The search for neutrinoless double beta decay probes the fundamental properties of neutrinos, including whether or not the neutrino and antineutrino are distinct. Double beta detectors are large and expensive, so background reduction is essential for extracting the highest sensitivity. The identification, or 'tagging', of the $^{136}$Ba daughter atom from double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe provides a technique for eliminating backgrounds in the nEXO neutrinoless double beta decay experiment. The tagging scheme studied in this work utilizes a cryogenic probe to trap the barium atom in solid xenon, where the barium atom is tagged via fluorescence imaging in the solid xenon matrix. Here we demonstrate imaging and counting of individual atoms of barium in solid xenon by scanning a focused laser across a solid xenon matrix deposited on a sapphire window. When the laser sits on an individual atom, the fluorescence persists for $\sim$30~s before dropping abruptly to the background level, a clear confirmation of one-atom imaging. No barium fluorescence persists following evaporation of a barium deposit to a limit of $\leq$0.16\%. This is the first time that single atoms have been imaged in solid noble element. It establishes the basic principle of a barium tagging technique for nEXO.

Published
2018

9. VUV-sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers for Xenon Scintillation Light Detection in nEXO

Author

Jamil, A., Ziegler, T., Hufschmidt, P., Li, G., Lupin-Jimenez, L., Michel, T., Ostrovskiy, I., Retière, F., Schneider, J., Wagenpfeil, M., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P., Beck, D., Belov, V., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Côté, M., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Gallina, G., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Hasan, M., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Hughes, M., Hößl, J., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jewell, M., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Mong, B., Moore, D., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Overman, C. T., Ortega, G. S., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wang, Q., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., and Zhou, Y.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Future tonne-scale liquefied noble gas detectors depend on efficient light detection in the VUV range. In the past years Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) have emerged as a valid alternative to standard photomultiplier tubes or large area avalanche photodiodes. The next generation double beta decay experiment, nEXO, with a 5 tonne liquid xenon time projection chamber, will use SiPMs for detecting the $178\,\text{nm}$ xenon scintillation light, in order to achieve an energy resolution of $\sigma / Q_{\beta\beta} = 1\, \%$. This paper presents recent measurements of the VUV-HD generation SiPMs from Fondazione Bruno Kessler in two complementary setups. It includes measurements of the photon detection efficiency with gaseous xenon scintillation light in a vacuum setup and dark measurements in a dry nitrogen gas setup. We report improved photon detection efficiency at $175\,\text{nm}$ compared to previous generation devices, that would meet the criteria of nEXO. Furthermore, we present the projected nEXO detector light collection and energy resolution that could be achieved by using these SiPMs., Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables

Published
2018
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10. nEXO Pre-Conceptual Design Report

Author

nEXO Collaboration, Kharusi, S. Al, Alamre, A., Albert, J. B., Alfaris, M., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Coon, M., Côté, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Danovitch, D., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., DeVoe, R., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Di Vacri, M. L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Gallina, G., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Haller, G., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Hasi, J., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kenney, C., Killick, R., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Lewis, C. M., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McFarlane, K., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Nguyen, T., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Patel, M., Peña-Perez, A., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Schubert, A., Segal, J., Skarpaas~VIII, K., Soma, A. K., Spitaels, K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The projected performance and detector configuration of nEXO are described in this pre-Conceptual Design Report (pCDR). nEXO is a tonne-scale neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay search in $^{136}$Xe, based on the ultra-low background liquid xenon technology validated by EXO-200. With $\simeq$ 5000 kg of xenon enriched to 90% in the isotope 136, nEXO has a projected half-life sensitivity of approximately $10^{28}$ years. This represents an improvement in sensitivity of about two orders of magnitude with respect to current results. Based on the experience gained from EXO-200 and the effectiveness of xenon purification techniques, we expect the background to be dominated by external sources of radiation. The sensitivity increase is, therefore, entirely derived from the increase of active mass in a monolithic and homogeneous detector, along with some technical advances perfected in the course of a dedicated R&D program. Hence the risk which is inherent to the construction of a large, ultra-low background detector is reduced, as the intrinsic radioactive contamination requirements are generally not beyond those demonstrated with the present generation $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay experiments. Indeed, most of the required materials have been already assayed or reasonable estimates of their properties are at hand. The details described herein represent the base design of the detector configuration as of early 2018. Where potential design improvements are possible, alternatives are discussed. This design for nEXO presents a compelling path towards a next generation search for $0\nu\beta\beta$, with a substantial possibility to discover physics beyond the Standard Model., Comment: 182 pages, minor revisions

Published
2018

11. Sensitivity and discovery potential of the proposed nEXO experiment to neutrinoless double beta decay

Author

nEXO Collaboration, Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Côté, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., DeVoe, R., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Hasan, M., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Qiu, D., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., VIII, K. Skarpaas, Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wang, Q., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zettlemoyer, J., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The next-generation Enriched Xenon Observatory (nEXO) is a proposed experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay in $^{136}$Xe with a target half-life sensitivity of approximately $10^{28}$ years using $5\times10^3$ kg of isotopically enriched liquid-xenon in a time projection chamber. This improvement of two orders of magnitude in sensitivity over current limits is obtained by a significant increase of the $^{136}$Xe mass, the monolithic and homogeneous configuration of the active medium, and the multi-parameter measurements of the interactions enabled by the time projection chamber. The detector concept and anticipated performance are presented based upon demonstrated realizable background rates., Comment: v2 as published

Published
2017
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12. Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO

Author

nEXO Collaboration, Jewell, M., Schubert, A., Cen, W. R., Dalmasson, J., DeVoe, R., Fabris, L., Gratta, G., Jamil, A., Li, G., Odian, A., Patel, M., Pocar, A., Qiu, D., Wang, Q., Wen, L. J., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Arnquist, I. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bourque, F., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Charlebois, S. A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Côté, M., Daniels, T., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Dragone, A., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fudenberg, D., Giacomini, G., Gornea, R., Hansen, E. V., Harris, D., Hasan, M., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Hößl, J., Ito, Y., Iverson, A., Jiang, X. S., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D., Murray, K., Newby, R. J., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Odgers, K., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J. L., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C. T., Ortega, G. S., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rao, T., Rescia, S., Retiere, F., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, S., Schneider, J., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Soma, A. K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X. L., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Visser, G., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Wu, W. H., Xuan, Z., Yang, L., Yayun, D., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O., Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Zhe, N., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A new design for the anode of a time projection chamber, consisting of a charge-detecting "tile", is investigated for use in large scale liquid xenon detectors. The tile is produced by depositing 60 orthogonal metal charge-collecting strips, 3~mm wide, on a 10~\si{\cm} $\times$ 10~\si{\cm} fused-silica wafer. These charge tiles may be employed by large detectors, such as the proposed tonne-scale nEXO experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Modular by design, an array of tiles can cover a sizable area. The width of each strip is small compared to the size of the tile, so a Frisch grid is not required. A grid-less, tiled anode design is beneficial for an experiment such as nEXO, where a wire tensioning support structure and Frisch grid might contribute radioactive backgrounds and would have to be designed to accommodate cycling to cryogenic temperatures. The segmented anode also reduces some degeneracies in signal reconstruction that arise in large-area crossed-wire time projection chambers. A prototype tile was tested in a cell containing liquid xenon. Very good agreement is achieved between the measured ionization spectrum of a $^{207}$Bi source and simulations that include the microphysics of recombination in xenon and a detailed modeling of the electrostatic field of the detector. An energy resolution $\sigma/E$=5.5\% is observed at 570~\si{keV}, comparable to the best intrinsic ionization-only resolution reported in literature for liquid xenon at 936~V/\si{cm}., Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, as published

Published
2017
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13. Event reconstruction in a liquid xenon Time Projection Chamber with an optically-open field cage

Author

Stiegler, T., Sangiorgio, S., Brodsky, J.P., Heffner, M., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I.J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P.S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P.A., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G.F., Cao, L., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S.A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., De St. Croix, A., Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M.L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y.Y., Dolinski, M.J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Edaltafar, F., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E.V., Hoppe, E.W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M.J., Jiang, X.S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L.J., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K.S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K.G., Lenardo, B.G., Leonard, D.S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., Massacret, N., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D.C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C.R., Newby, R.J., Ni, K., Ning, Z., Njoya, O., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J.L., Ortega, G.S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C.T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J.-F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rasiwala, H., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P.C., Roy, N., Saldanha, R., Skarpaas, K., VIII, Soma, A.K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X.L., Tarka, M., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Todd, J., Totev, T.I., Tsang, R., Tsang, T., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J.-L., Wagenpfeil, M., Wager, T., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Wen, L.J., Wichoski, U., Worcester, M., Wu, S.X., Wu, W.H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Published
2021
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14. Measurements of electron transport in liquid and gas Xenon using a laser-driven photocathode

Author

Njoya, O., Tsang, T., Tarka, M., Fairbank, W., Kumar, K.S., Rao, T., Wager, T., Kharusi, S. Al, Anton, G., Arnquist, I.J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P.S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Bhatta, T., Brodsky, J.P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G.F., Cao, L., Cen, W.R., Chambers, C., Chana, B., Charlebois, S.A., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S.J., De St. Croix, A., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Di Vacri, M.L., Dilling, J., Ding, Y.Y., Dolinski, M.J., Dragone, A., Echevers, J., Elbeltagi, M., Fabris, L., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Ferrara, S., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fontaine, R., Fucarino, A., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hansen, E.V., Heffner, M., Hoppe, E.W., Hößl, J., House, A., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jewell, M.J., Jiang, X.S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L.J., Kodroff, D., Koffas, T., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leach, K.G., Lenardo, B.G., Leonard, D.S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y.H., Lv, P., MacLellan, R., McElroy, T., Medina-Peregrina, M., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D.C., Murray, K., Nakarmi, P., Natzke, C.R., Newby, R.J., Ning, Z., Nolet, F., Nusair, O., Odgers, K., Odian, A., Oriunno, M., Orrell, J.L., Ortega, G.S., Ostrovskiy, I., Overman, C.T., Parent, S., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Pratte, J.-F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richman, M., Robinson, A., Rossignol, T., Rowson, P.C., Roy, N., Runge, J., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Skarpaas, K., VIII, Soma, A.K., St-Hilaire, G., Stekhanov, V., Stiegler, T., Sun, X.L., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Totev, T.I., Tsang, R., Vachon, F., Veeraraghavan, V., Viel, S., Visser, G., Vivo-Vilches, C., Vuilleumier, J.-L., Wagenpfeil, M., Walent, M., Wang, Q., Ward, M., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wei, W., Wen, L.J., Wichoski, U., Wu, S.X., Wu, W.H., Wu, X., Xia, Q., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yen, Y.-R., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., and Ziegler, T.

Published
2020
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15. Reflectance of Silicon Photomultipliers at Vacuum Ultraviolet Wavelengths

Author

Lv, P., primary, Cao, G. F., additional, Wen, L. J., additional, Kharusi, S. Al, additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I. J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P. S., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bhatta, T., additional, Breur, P. A., additional, Brodsky, J. P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Mamahit, S. Byrne, additional, Caden, E., additional, Cao, L., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Chana, B., additional, Charlebois, S. A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Darroch, L., additional, St. Croix, A. De, additional, Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, additional, Deslandes, K., additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Vacri, M. L. Di, additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y. Y., additional, Dolinski, M. J., additional, Doria, L., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Echevers, J., additional, Edaltafar, F., additional, Elbeltagi, M., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Fairbank, D., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Ferrara, S., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fucarino, A., additional, Gallina, G., additional, Gautam, P., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Goeldi, D., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Hansen, E. V., additional, Heffner, M., additional, Hoppe, E. W., additional, Hobl, J., additional, House, A., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jamil, A., additional, Jewell, M. J., additional, Jiang, X. S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L. J., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Krucken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K. S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Larson, A., additional, Leach, K. G., additional, Lenardo, B. G., additional, Leonard, D. S., additional, Li, G., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, Massacret, N., additional, McElroy, T., additional, Medina-Peregrina, M., additional, Michel, T., additional, Mong, B., additional, Moore, D. C., additional, Murray, K., additional, Nakarmi, P., additional, Natzke, C. R., additional, Newby, R. J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Nusair, O., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Odian, A., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J. L., additional, Ortega, G. S., additional, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Overman, C. T., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pratte, J. -F., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Retiere, F., additional, Richman, M., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P. C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Runge, J., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, Skarpaas, K., additional, Soma, A. K., additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Sun, X. L., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Totev, T. I., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Viel, S., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vivo-Vilches, C., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Wager, T., additional, Walent, M., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wu, S. X., additional, Wu, W. H., additional, Wu, X., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Yang, H., additional, Yang, L., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, and Ziegler, T., additional

Published
2020
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16. Reflectivity and PDE of VUV4 Hamamatsu SiPMs in liquid xenon

Author

Nakarmi, P., primary, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Soma, A.K., additional, Retière, F., additional, Kharusi, S. Al, additional, Alfaris, M., additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I.J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P.S., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bhatta, T., additional, Blatchford, J., additional, Breur, P.A., additional, Brodsky, J.P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Mamahit, S. Byrne, additional, Caden, E., additional, Cao, G.F., additional, Cao, L., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Chana, B., additional, Charlebois, S.A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Darroch, L., additional, Croix, A. De St., additional, Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Vacri, M.L. Di, additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y.Y., additional, Dolinski, M.J., additional, Doria, L., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Echevers, J., additional, Edaltafar, F., additional, Elbeltagi, M., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Fairbank, D., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Ferrara, S., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fontaine, R., additional, Fucarino, A., additional, Gallina, G., additional, Gautam, P., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Goeldi, D., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Hansen, E.V., additional, Heffner, M., additional, Hoppe, E.W., additional, Hößl, J., additional, House, A., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jamil, A., additional, Jewell, M.J., additional, Jiang, X.S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L.J., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Krücken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K.S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Larson, A., additional, Leach, K.G., additional, Lenardo, B.G., additional, Leonard, D.S., additional, Li, G., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, Lv, P., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, Massacret, N., additional, McElroy, T., additional, Medina-Peregrina, M., additional, Michel, T., additional, Mong, B., additional, Moore, D.C., additional, Murray, K., additional, Natzke, C.R., additional, Newby, R.J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Nusair, O., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Odian, A., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J.L., additional, Ortega, G.S., additional, Overman, C.T., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pratte, J.-F., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Richman, M., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P.C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Runge, J., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, VIII, K. Skarpaas, additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Sun, X.L., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Totev, T.I., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Viel, S., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vivo-Vilches, C., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Wager, T., additional, Walent, M., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Ward, M., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Weber, M., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wen, L.J., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wu, S.X., additional, Wu, W.H., additional, Wu, X., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Yang, H., additional, Yang, L., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, and Ziegler, T., additional

Published
2020
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17. Working while Studying: Employment Premium or Penalty for Youth in Benin?

Author

Luca Tiberti, Djohodo Inès Monwanou, Senakpon Dedehouanou, and Hilaire G. Houeninvo

Subjects
Selection bias, Youth unemployment, Work (electrical), media_common.quotation_subject, Developing country, Demographic economics, Endogeneity, Apprenticeship, Psychology, School-to-work transition, Work experience, media_common
Abstract

Most youth in developing countries leave school with only a general academic education level, slowing down their transition to the labor market. We analyze whether work experience during school can help youth transition more easily to a first job in Benin. We used data from the 2014 School-to-Work Transition Survey (SWTS) and a multi-equation model to account for endogeneity and sample- selection bias in estimating the effect of work experience during school on the transition to first job. Our findings are that work during summer breaks or holidays makes the transition from school to first job easier, especially when combined with apprenticeships, but these results were significant only for men and youth who left school with at least a secondary education. The important impact of work experience during studies on the ability to pursue job opportunities after school is highlighted.

Published
2019
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18. Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

Author

Gallina, G., primary, Giampa, P., additional, Retière, F., additional, Kroeger, J., additional, Zhang, G., additional, Ward, M., additional, Margetak, P., additional, Li, G., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Doria, L., additional, Al Kharusi, S., additional, Alfaris, M., additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I.J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P.S., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bhatta, T., additional, Blatchford, J., additional, Brodsky, J.P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Cao, G.F., additional, Cao, L., additional, Cen, W.R., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Charlebois, S.A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Darroch, L., additional, Daugherty, S.J., additional, De St. Croix, A., additional, Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y.Y., additional, Dolinski, M.J., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Echevers, J., additional, Elbeltagi, M., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Fairbank, D., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fontaine, R., additional, Gautam, P., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Hansen, E.V., additional, Heffner, M., additional, Hoppe, E.W., additional, Hößl, J., additional, House, A., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Ito, Y., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jamil, A., additional, Jewell, M.J., additional, Jiang, X.S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L.J., additional, Kodroff, D., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Krücken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K.S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Larson, A., additional, Lenardo, B.G., additional, Leonard, D.S., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, Lin, Y.H., additional, Lv, P., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, McElroy, T., additional, Medina-Peregrina, M., additional, Michel, T., additional, Mong, B., additional, Moore, D.C., additional, Murray, K., additional, Nakarmi, P., additional, Newby, R.J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Nusair, O., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Odian, A., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J.L., additional, Ortega, G.S., additional, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Overman, C.T., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pratte, J.-F., additional, Qiu, D., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Richman, M., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P.C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, Skarpaas, K., additional, Soma, A.K., additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Sun, X.L., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Tolba, T., additional, Totev, T.I., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Walent, M., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Weber, M., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wen, L.J., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wu, S.X., additional, Wu, W.H., additional, Wu, X., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Yang, H., additional, Yang, L., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, and Ziegler, T., additional

Published
2019
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19. Simulation of charge readout with segmented tiles in nEXO

Author

Li, Z., primary, Cen, W.R., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Moore, D.C., additional, Wen, L.J., additional, Odian, A., additional, Kharusi, S. Al, additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I.J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P.S., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bhatta, T., additional, Brodsky, J.P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Caden, E., additional, Cao, G.F., additional, Cao, L., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Chana, B., additional, Charlebois, S.A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Darroch, L., additional, Daugherty, S.J., additional, Croix, A. De St., additional, Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Vacri, M.L. Di, additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y.Y., additional, Dolinski, M.J., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Echevers, J., additional, Elbeltagi, M., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Fairbank, D., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Ferrara, S., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fontaine, R., additional, Fucarino, A., additional, Gallina, G., additional, Gautam, P., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Goeldi, D., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Hansen, E.V., additional, Heffner, M., additional, Hoppe, E.W., additional, Hößl, J., additional, House, A., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jamil, A., additional, Jewell, M.J., additional, Jiang, X.S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L.J., additional, Kodroff, D., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Krücken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K.S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Larson, A., additional, Leach, K.G., additional, Lenardo, B.G., additional, Leonard, D.S., additional, Li, G., additional, Li, S., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, Lin, Y.H., additional, Lv, P., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, McElroy, T., additional, Medina-Peregrina, M., additional, Michel, T., additional, Mong, B., additional, Murray, K., additional, Nakarmi, P., additional, Natzke, C.R., additional, Newby, R.J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Nusair, O., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J.L., additional, Ortega, G.S., additional, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Overman, C.T., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pratte, J.-F., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Retière, F., additional, Richman, M., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P.C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Runge, J., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, VIII, K. Skarpaas, additional, Soma, A.K., additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Sun, X.L., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Tolba, T., additional, Totev, T.I., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Viel, S., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vivo-Vilches, C., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Walent, M., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Ward, M., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Weber, M., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wu, S.X., additional, Wu, W.H., additional, Wu, X., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Yang, H., additional, Yang, L., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, and Ziegler, T., additional

Published
2019
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20. Out- Of- Pocket health expenditure and household consumption patterns in Benin: Is there a crowding out effect?

Author

Hilaire Gbodja Houeninvo, Venant Cossi Celestin Quenum, and Melain Modeste Senou

Subjects
Health shocks, Consumption patterns, Out of Pocket, Crowding out effect, SURE, Benin, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Health shocks are common and have serious consequences for households in developing countries where health insurance is lacking. In this study, we examine whether out-of-pocket health expenditures crowd out household consumption of non-healthcare necessities, such as education items in Benin using a sample of 14,952 households from the global vulnerability and food security analysis survey. We estimated a system of conditional Engel curves with three stage least squared (3SLS) and seemingly unrelated regression (SURE) for seven categories of goods using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) in the form of budget shares corresponding to proportions of total non-health expenditure. Findings show that out of pocket health expenditure leads households to spend more on health care that in fine crowd out expenditure in other necessity goods such as education item. These findings highlight the need for social protection programs to mitigate the impact of health shocks on vulnerable households in Benin.

Published
2023
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21. VUV-Sensitive Silicon Photomultipliers for Xenon Scintillation Light Detection in nEXO

Author

Jamil, A., primary, Ziegler, T., additional, Hufschmidt, P., additional, Li, G., additional, Lupin-Jimenez, L., additional, Michel, T., additional, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Retiere, F., additional, Schneider, J., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Alamre, A., additional, Albert, J. B., additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I. J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P. S., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bhatta, T., additional, Bourque, F., additional, Brodsky, J. P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Burenkov, A., additional, Cao, G. F., additional, Cao, L., additional, Cen, W. R., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Charlebois, S. A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Cote, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Cree, W., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Darroch, L., additional, Daugherty, S. J., additional, Daughhetee, J., additional, Delaquis, S., additional, Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y. Y., additional, Dolinski, M. J., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Echevers, J., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Fairbank, D., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fontaine, R., additional, Fudenberg, D., additional, Gallina, G., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Hansen, E. V., additional, Harris, D., additional, Hasan, M., additional, Heffner, M., additional, HoBl, J., additional, Hoppe, E. W., additional, House, A., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Ito, Y., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jessiman, C., additional, Jewell, M. J., additional, Jiang, X. S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L. J., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Kravitz, S., additional, Krucken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K. S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Larson, A., additional, Leonard, D. S., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, Lin, Y. H., additional, Lv, P., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, Mong, B., additional, Moore, D. C., additional, Murray, K., additional, Newby, R. J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Nusair, O., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Odian, A., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J. L., additional, Ortega, G. S., additional, Overman, C. T., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pratte, J.-F., additional, Qiu, D., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rao, T., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P. C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, Schmidt, S., additional, Schubert, A., additional, Sinclair, D., additional, Skarpaas, K., additional, Soma, A. K., additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Sun, X. L., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Tolba, T., additional, Totev, T. I., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Veenstra, B., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Weber, M., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wen, L. J., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wrede, G., additional, Wu, S. X., additional, Wu, W. H., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Yang, L., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhang, X., additional, Zhao, J., additional, and Zhou, Y., additional

Published
2018
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22. Study of silicon photomultiplier performance in external electric fields

Author

Sun, X.L., primary, Tolba, T., additional, Cao, G.F., additional, Lv, P., additional, Wen, L.J., additional, Odian, A., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Alamre, A., additional, Albert, J.B., additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I.J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P.S., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bhatta, T., additional, Bourque, F., additional, Brodsky, J. P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Burenkov, A., additional, Cao, L., additional, Cen, W.R., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Charlebois, S.A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Côté, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Cree, W., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Darroch, L., additional, Daugherty, S.J., additional, Daughhetee, J., additional, Delaquis, S., additional, Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y.Y., additional, Dolinski, M.J., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Echevers, J., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Fairbank, D., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fierlinger, P., additional, Fontaine, R., additional, Fudenberg, D., additional, Gallina, G., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Hansen, E.V., additional, Harris, D., additional, Heffner, M., additional, Hoppe, E. W., additional, Hößl, J., additional, House, A., additional, Hufschmidt, P., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Ito, Y., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jamil, A., additional, Jessiman, C., additional, Jewell, M.J., additional, Jiang, X.S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L.J., additional, Kodroff, D., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Kravitz, S., additional, Krücken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K.S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Larson, A., additional, Leonard, D.S., additional, Li, G., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, Lin, Y.H., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, Michel, T., additional, Moe, M., additional, Mong, B., additional, Moore, D.C., additional, Murray, K., additional, Newby, R.J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Nusair, O., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J.L., additional, Ortega, G. S., additional, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Overman, C.T., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pratte, J.-F., additional, Qiu, D., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rao, T., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Retière, F., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P.C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, Schmidt, S., additional, Schneider, J., additional, Sinclair, D., additional, VIII, K. Skarpaas, additional, Soma, A.K., additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Totev, T.I., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Veenstra, B., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Weber, M., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wrede, G., additional, Wu, S.X., additional, Wu, W.H., additional, Xia, Q., additional, Yang, L., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, and Ziegler, T., additional

Published
2018
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23. Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO

Author

Jewell, M., primary, Schubert, A., additional, Cen, W.R., additional, Dalmasson, J., additional, DeVoe, R., additional, Fabris, L., additional, Gratta, G., additional, Jamil, A., additional, Li, G., additional, Odian, A., additional, Patel, M., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Qiu, D., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Wen, L.J., additional, Albert, J.B., additional, Anton, G., additional, Arnquist, I.J., additional, Badhrees, I., additional, Barbeau, P., additional, Beck, D., additional, Belov, V., additional, Bourque, F., additional, Brodsky, J. P., additional, Brown, E., additional, Brunner, T., additional, Burenkov, A., additional, Cao, G.F., additional, Cao, L., additional, Chambers, C., additional, Charlebois, S.A., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Cleveland, B., additional, Coon, M., additional, Craycraft, A., additional, Cree, W., additional, Côté, M., additional, Daniels, T., additional, Daugherty, S.J., additional, Daughhetee, J., additional, Delaquis, S., additional, Mesrobian-Kabakian, A. Der, additional, Didberidze, T., additional, Dilling, J., additional, Ding, Y.Y., additional, Dolinski, M.J., additional, Dragone, A., additional, Fairbank, W., additional, Farine, J., additional, Feyzbakhsh, S., additional, Fontaine, R., additional, Fudenberg, D., additional, Giacomini, G., additional, Gornea, R., additional, Hansen, E.V., additional, Harris, D., additional, Hasan, M., additional, Heffner, M., additional, Hoppe, E. W., additional, House, A., additional, Hufschmidt, P., additional, Hughes, M., additional, Hößl, J., additional, Ito, Y., additional, Iverson, A., additional, Jiang, X.S., additional, Johnston, S., additional, Karelin, A., additional, Kaufman, L.J., additional, Koffas, T., additional, Kravitz, S., additional, Krücken, R., additional, Kuchenkov, A., additional, Kumar, K.S., additional, Lan, Y., additional, Leonard, D.S., additional, Li, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Licciardi, C., additional, Lin, Y.H., additional, MacLellan, R., additional, Michel, T., additional, Mong, B., additional, Moore, D., additional, Murray, K., additional, Newby, R.J., additional, Ning, Z., additional, Njoya, O., additional, Nolet, F., additional, Odgers, K., additional, Oriunno, M., additional, Orrell, J.L., additional, Ostrovskiy, I., additional, Overman, C.T., additional, Ortega, G. S., additional, Parent, S., additional, Piepke, A., additional, Pratte, J.-F., additional, Radeka, V., additional, Raguzin, E., additional, Rao, T., additional, Rescia, S., additional, Retiere, F., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Rossignol, T., additional, Rowson, P.C., additional, Roy, N., additional, Saldanha, R., additional, Sangiorgio, S., additional, Schmidt, S., additional, Schneider, J., additional, Sinclair, D., additional, Skarpaas, K., additional, Soma, A.K., additional, St-Hilaire, G., additional, Stekhanov, V., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Sun, X.L., additional, Tarka, M., additional, Todd, J., additional, Tolba, T., additional, Tsang, R., additional, Tsang, T., additional, Vachon, F., additional, Veeraraghavan, V., additional, Visser, G., additional, Vuilleumier, J.-L., additional, Wagenpfeil, M., additional, Weber, M., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wichoski, U., additional, Wrede, G., additional, Wu, S.X., additional, Wu, W.H., additional, Yang, L., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zeldovich, O., additional, Zhang, X., additional, Zhao, J., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, and Ziegler, T., additional

Published
2018
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24. Conditions socioéconomiques, types de maladies et utilisation des services de santé pour les enfants de moins de 5 ans dans le Nord et le centre Nord du Burkina Faso

Author

Mintogbe, Mahouli, Houeninvo, Hilaire G., and MINTOGBE, Mahouli

Subjects
[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract

Méthodes L'étude se base sur les données collectées en 2010 par l'institut National de la statistique et de démographie du Burkina Faso dans le cadre du projet «Partnership for Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health» et porte sur un échantillon de 7486 enfants de moins de 5 ans malades. En plus des tests de dépendance de Chi-2, une régression logistique simple a été appliquée pour comprendre l'effet des pathologies et des conditions socio-économiques sur la probabilité d'utilisation des services de santé formels.

Published
2016

25. La sante et la securite du travail et le droit criminel en Australie

Author

Lippel, K, Bittle, S, St-Hilaire, G, Johnstone, Richard, Lippel, K, Bittle, S, St-Hilaire, G, and Johnstone, Richard

Abstract

This article analyses recent Australian debates about the use of the criminal law in work health and safety regulation. It argues that these debates have to be seen in the context of the historical development of work health and safety regulation in the United Kingdom and Australia. The first part of the paper shows that since the late nineteenth century contraventions against the Australian work health and safety statutes have not been regarded as ‘really criminal’, and have largely been addressed by informal measures, and since the 1980s, by administrative sanctions. When prosecutions have taken place, work health and safety issues have been individualised and decontextualised, so that defendants have been able to reduce their culpability in the eyes of the court. Significant legal barriers have undermined the use of the crime of gross negligence manslaughter against corporations and individuals. The second part of the paper analyses recent debates about restructuring gross negligence manslaughter and bolstering the ‘criminality’ of offences under the work health and safety statutes. It argues that the latter debate has been constrained by the historical forces examined in the first part of the paper, and that the current position, embodied in the recently harmonised Work Health and Safety Acts, favours attempting to boost the criminality of the work health and safety legislation. The debate about reforming gross negligence manslaughter has stalled.

Published
2016

26. Developing and implementing National Health Insurance: learnings from the first try in Benin

Author

Kefilath Bello, Jean-Paul Dossou, Hashim Hounkpatin, and Hilaire Gbodja Houeninvo

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Methods We used a case study design, framed by the policy triangle of Walt and Gilson. We collected data through document review, quantitative data extraction from routine information, and interviews with 20 key informants. We performed a content analysis using both complementarily deductive and inductive analysis.Results This study confirms the keen interest for national health insurance scheme in Benin among various stakeholders. Compared with user fee exemption policies, it is considered as more sustainable, with a more reliable financing, and a greater likelihood to facilitate population’s access to quality healthcare without financial hardships.Exempting the poor from paying health insurance premiums was however considered as an equitable mean to facilitate the extension of the health insurance to informal sector workers.The whole arrangements failed to deliver appropriate skills, tools, coordination and incentives to drive the policy implementers to make individual and organisational changes necessary to adjust to the objectives and values of the reform. These deficiencies compromised the implementation fidelity with unintended effects such as low subscription rate, low services utilisation and sustainability threats.Conclusion Supporting countries in documenting policy processes will ease learning across their tries for progressing towards Universal Health Coverage, as more than one try will be necessary.

Published
2022
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27. Prevalence of HTLV-I Infection and Its Association with Tuberculosis among Patients at an Urban Clinic in Haiti.

Author

Walsh KF, Lee MH, Brejt JA, Reust MJ, Juste MJ, Hilaire G, Pape JW, Koenig S, and Dupnik K

Abstract

This retrospective case-control study examined the prevalence of HTLV-I and its association with tuberculosis among urban clinic patients in Haiti. Prevalence of HTLV-I among tuberculosis cases was 2.1% and among controls was 2.4%. Prevalence of HLTV-I was higher in females than males (odds ratio [OR] 2.45, P = 0.020). HTLV-I prevalence in those ≥ 50 years was 8.4% compared with 1.3% in those < 50 (OR 6.74, P < 0.001). We found no association between HTLV-I and tuberculosis in this population.

Published
2022
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28. Necdin shapes serotonergic development and SERT activity modulating breathing in a mouse model for Prader-Willi syndrome.

Author

Matarazzo V, Caccialupi L, Schaller F, Shvarev Y, Kourdougli N, Bertoni A, Menuet C, Voituron N, Deneris E, Gaspar P, Bezin L, Durbec P, Hilaire G, and Muscatelli F

Subjects
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Gene Deletion, Mice, Nerve Tissue Proteins deficiency, Nuclear Proteins deficiency, Serotonin metabolism, Action Potentials, Apnea physiopathology, Nerve Tissue Proteins metabolism, Nuclear Proteins metabolism, Prader-Willi Syndrome physiopathology, Serotonergic Neurons pathology, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism
Abstract

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder that presents with hypotonia and respiratory distress in neonates. The Necdin -deficient mouse is the only model that reproduces the respiratory phenotype of PWS (central apnea and blunted response to respiratory challenges). Here, we report that Necdin deletion disturbs the migration of serotonin (5-HT) neuronal precursors, leading to altered global serotonergic neuroarchitecture and increased spontaneous firing of 5-HT neurons. We show an increased expression and activity of 5-HT Transporter (SERT/Slc6a4) in 5-HT neurons leading to an increase of 5-HT uptake. In Necdin -KO pups, the genetic deletion of Slc6a4 or treatment with Fluoxetine, a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, restored normal breathing. Unexpectedly, Fluoxetine administration was associated with respiratory side effects in wild-type animals. Overall, our results demonstrate that an increase of SERT activity is sufficient to cause the apneas in Necdin- KO pups, and that fluoxetine may offer therapeutic benefits to PWS patients with respiratory complications.

Published
2017
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