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Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) has gained significant attention across diverse school environments in justice by supporting students from culturally underrepresented groups. However, how teachers develop their agency toward inclusive practices and what influences the agency developed have been undertheorized and underexplored. This study aims to identify factors that support teachers’ initial enactment of CRT and what strengthens or weakens the positive agency developed. This study is guided by a grounded theory approach. Sixteen in-service teachers’ semi-structured interview transcripts were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Four themes emerged from each of the research questions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed to better support in- and pre-service teachers’ growth toward becoming social justice-oriented change agents with CRT practices.

Guided by social cognitive theory (SCT), this research investigates the structural relationships among local culture, teacher efficacy, and teachers’ exercise of curricular autonomy. A total of 605 Korean elementary school teachers completed survey questionnaires that underwent structural equation modeling analysis with a phantom model approach to identify the motivational factors and their relationships. The results indicate that teachers’ degree of internalization of mainstream Korean culture and teacher efficacy influence their implementation of the reform agenda, while teacher efficacy mediates the effect of culture. Theoretical and practical implications for scholars, policy-makers, and practitioners are provided.

The article of record as published may be found at https://doi.org/10.1093/ppmgov/gvac013 Representative bureaucracy is a values-based theory of bureaucratic decision making. Its key assumption is that a bureaucrat’s demography shapes her pre-organizational socialization, values, and ultimately her decisions, in a way that can advance the interests of a represented client or group (i.e., active representation). However, scholars have not critically examined the presumed links among these four factors. We review the literature and make an argument for representative bureaucracy scholars to incorporate a psychological perspective to better understand the behavioral mechanisms that influence active representation. We discuss the tripartite classification of the mind, dual-process theories of decision making, identity theory and the deservingness heuristic as theoretical perspectives scholars can use to investigate the behavioral foundations of representative bureaucracy.

Whistleblowing is a psychological process that involves the calculation of risks and benefits. While there exists a broad range of research on whistleblowing in the public sector, previous studies have not examined its entire process due to the limited focus on either whistleblowing intention or whistleblowing behavior. This study aims to fill this gap by applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to the whistleblowing context. Specifically, we examine how individual beliefs about the likely consequences of whistleblowing (attitude toward whistleblowing), others’ expectations about whistleblowing (subjective norm), and the capability of blowing the whistle (perceived behavioral control) influence public employees’ actual whistleblowing by way of their intention to report wrongdoings. A series of structural equation models are tested using data from the 2010 Merit Principles Survey. The findings show that the more the employees perceive that the consequences of whistleblowing are important, the more the key referents support whistleblowing, and the more the protections for whistleblowers are available, the more likely are their intentions to disclose wrongdoings and then actually engage in whistleblowing behavior. We conduct additional analyses for internal and external whistleblowers separately and find that there are both meaningful similarities and differences between the two groups. This study provides support for the validity of TPB as a theoretical framework for better understanding and explicating the psychological process of bureaucratic whistleblowing.

By linking intersectionality to relational demography, this study examines the effects of different gender and racial contexts on overall satisfaction with job and organization among four employee ...

Representative bureaucracy and workforce diversity have become central topics in the field of public administration. Although representation and diversity are distinct concepts, public administration researchers often conflate them. This study seeks to provide analytical clarity by outlining and comparing the various conceptual definitions of representation and diversity. We also explain the causal logic of how representation and diversity influence organizational performance. Finally, with South African local government as the research setting, we examine the empirical relationship between these two concepts and explore how different forms of representation and diversity are related to organizational performance.

A new small-type pink-colored Phalaenopsis cultivar, ‘Tiny Bell’, was released by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (Korea) in 2018. ‘Tiny Bell’ was derived in 2010 from crossing P. ‘D07PN16’, multi-floral small-type cultivar with pink-colored flowers, and P. ‘D03PN22’, a small-type cultivar with light pink-colored flowers. In the preliminary selection stage in 2014, the cultivar known as ‘10531-53’ was chosen among 120 individual progenies, based on phenotypic standards such as flower color and shape, inflorescence number, and leaf attitude. The stability and uniformity of the cultivar was confirmed through the first and second characteristics tests from 2014 to 2018, and the cultivar was thereafter named ‘Tiny Bell’. ‘Tiny Bell’ has violet pink (RHS, PVGN80A) flowers with a white edge. The dimensions of the f lowers are 3.89 cm ( length) and 4.01 cm (width). T he i nf ol rescence type is a r aceme with m any flowers (19.7 blooms per inflorescence). The leaves of ‘Tiny Bell’ grow horizontally and are 13.1 cm in length and 5.26 cm in width. This new cultivar of Phalaenopsis ‘Tiny Bell’ is well suited as a small-sized potted orchid.

This study examines the effects of increased supervisory representation by certain racial minority groups in U.S. federal agencies on the racial discrimination perceived by nonsupervisory employees...

A pink big-lip Phalaenopsis cultivar ‘Lovely Angel’ was developed by the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (Korea) in 2017. ‘Lovely Angel’ was derived by artificial crossing between white-colored cultivar P. ‘Timonthy’ and pink-colored flower with big-lip cultivar P. World Class ‘Big Foot’ in 2009. In 2013, 09056-12 was selected as excellent growth and flowering characteristics, such as flower color, shape, and inflorescence number. The first and second characteristic tests were conducted from 2014 to 2017 to evaluate the stability and uniformity, named thereafter as ‘Lovely Angel’. ‘Lovely Angel’ has violet-pink (RHS, PVG81C) flowers with stripes and big purple lips (RHS, PG78B). The incurved florets measure 6.1 and 5.6 cm in length and width, respectively. The number of florets per inflorescence is 20.6, which is suitably large and abundant, and the inflorescence length of ‘Lovely Angel’ is 31.8 cm. The leaves of ‘Lovely Angel’ grow semi-pendulously and are 18.7 cm in length and 6.8cm in width. The new cultivar ‘Lovely Angel’ can be mainly available for small-type potted flowers.

The termination part of a high temperature superconducting apparatus such as a superconducting fault current limiter or a superconducting cable is usually insulated by pressurized SF 6 gas for its excellent dielectric strength. However, SF 6 condenses into LN 2 because of its high boiling point (approximately 209 K) during operation. The condensed SF 6 into LN 2 may result in problems such as dielectric degradation and system pressure decline. In order to prevent the condensation of SF 6 into LN 2 , the termination of an HTS apparatus is divided into two parts by using a spacer: an upper part pressurized by SF 6 with room temperature and a lower part pressurized by GN 2 with cryogenic temperature. The termination part should be operated in a high-pressure condition in order to ensure safe dielectric characteristics of HTS apparatuses. In this paper, dielectric characteristics as well as mechanical characteristics of a spacer under pressurized gas are conducted. It is well known that electrical breakdown may occur in the form of creepage discharge along the surface of a solid material rather than in the form of penetration sparkover through a solid or gaseous material. Experiments on the creepage discharge characteristics according to several solid materials under various pressures are conducted and a computer simulation using a finite element method is performed to analyze electric field distribution and mechanical strength of a spacer. Finally, the specifications of a spacer for 154 kV superconducting fault current limiters such as diameter, thickness, shape, and material, are suggested according to various safety factors.

One underexplored question in the representative bureaucracy literature is whether public employees advocate for their demographic groups at the expense of other groups or their organizational roles. Many studies have focused on the link between passive representation, or the extent to which the public workforce reflects the demographic characteristics of its clients, and active representation, or the extent to which policies advance the interests of those people. However, little research has been done on whether and when increased representation by a certain group enhances overall organizational performance. This study examines the relationship between racial minority representation in U.S. federal agencies and the agencies’ goal achievement while considering the moderating role of organizational mission and diversity climate. The panel data analysis shows that increased minority representation lowers agencies’ goal achievement. However, a positive relationship exists between the two in agencies that mainly work to promote social equity for disadvantaged populations and foster a positive diversity climate in the workplace. These findings suggest that racial minority employees can better contribute to organizational success in agencies where they balance advocacy and organizational roles well and they are treated fairly and respectfully.

Background: We previously demonstrated that the analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in histopathology images via tissue segmentation [1] and cell density in lymphocyte-rich area [2] impacts prognosis and treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Few biomarker models exist to prognosticate patients with HCC via the automated analysis of TME at the cellular level. Methods: Clinical outcomes data and histopathology images of 351 patients with HCC were obtained from TCGA. We advanced a deep learning-based algorithm to analyze the tumor volume and spatial distribution of nuclei in TME. This was based on combination of two models: the PAIP2019 dataset was used for DenseNet-based HCC segmentation, which showed the performance of 0.8582 on the F1-score metric [3]; HoverNet-based cell detection model, which showed the performance of 0.654 on the binary PQ metric, annotated lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils on the MonuSac dataset [4]. Results: The HCC segmentation model divided the TME into tumoral, marginal, and peritumoral areas by image processing. The marginal and peritumoral areas were defined as inner 50 um area and outer 100 um area from the estimated tumoral boundary, respectively. The ratios of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages to the total cell count on marginal and peritumoral areas were calculated through integration of HCC segmentation and cell detection models. The proportions of leukocytes were subjected into Cox proportional hazard analysis. The results of Cox proportional hazard analysis calculated the proportions of macrophages and lymphocytes to other cells in the TME. The macrophage proportion on the peritumoral area was a significant prognostic indicator showing Log(hazard ratio) (-2.42 ± 2.14, p=0.026). The lymphocyte proportion on both areas of the peritumor and margins showed significant Log(hazard ratio) (-1.70 ± 1.61, p=0.042). Conclusions: The retrospective analysis of the TME using deep learning-assisted algorithm combining tissue segmentation and cell detection models reveals that the ratio of lymphocytes and macrophages in the peri-tumoral areas of HCC TME significantly impact prognosis. Further analyses in the prospective studies may provide more information about cellular biomarkers. [1] Kim et al. Cancer Res 2020 (80) (16 Supp) 2631 [2] Park et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021) 4107-4107 [3] Kim, Yoo Jung, Jang, Hyungjoon, Lee, Kyoungbun et al. Medical Image Analysis 67 (2021): 101854. [4] Verma, Ruchika. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 39 (2020): 1380-1391. [5] Graham, Simon. Medical Image Analysis 58 (2019): 101563. Citation Format: Hongseok Lee, Kyungdoc Kim, Guhyun Kang, Kyu-Hwan Jung, Sunyoung S. Lee. Spatial distribution of immune cells as quantitative prognosis indicator in hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1721.

The creation of inclusive workplaces in which individuals can thrive constitutes an important goal for many organizations. Despite recognition of this fact, persistent adverse workplace experiences, such as sexual harassment, threaten to relegate inclusion to mere rhetoric. While previous research has identified several outcomes of sexual harassment, we examine the relationship between sexual harassment and employee engagement, a strong driver for improved service delivery, organizational performance, and employee motivation. Building on the job demands-resources model, we consider three moderators that may influence this relationship: gender, perceived supervisory support, and the gender equity climate. The results indicate that sexual harassment has a negative relationship with employee engagement, but that this relationship differs between male and female employees. However, we found no significant moderating effects of perceived supervisory support and gender equity climate. The article ends with a discussion of the findings and implications for theory and practice.

Main conclusion A new imaging platform was constructed to analyze drought-tolerant traits of rice. Rice was used to quantify drought phenotypes through image-based parameters and analyzing tools. Abstract Climate change has increased the frequency and severity of drought, which limits crop production worldwide. Developing new cultivars with increased drought tolerance and short breeding cycles is critical. However, achieving this goal requires phenotyping a large number of breeding populations in a short time and in an accurate manner. Novel cutting-edge technologies such as those based on remote sensors are being applied to solve this problem. In this study, new technologies were applied to obtain and analyze imaging data and establish efficient screening platforms for drought tolerance in rice using the drought-tolerant mutant osphyb. Red–Green–Blue images were used to predict plant area, color, and compactness. Near-infrared imaging was used to determine the water content of rice, infrared was used to assess plant temperature, and fluorescence was used to examine photosynthesis efficiency. DroughtSpotter technology was used to determine water use efficiency, plant water loss rate, and transpiration rate. The results indicate that these methods can detect the difference between tolerant and susceptible plants, suggesting their value as high-throughput phenotyping methods for short breeding cycles as well as for functional genetic studies of tolerance to drought stress.

This study examines how organizational structure, political control, and internal system responsiveness to employee complaints or grievances influence U.S. federal employees’ internal and external whistleblowing. Although prior research has investigated a number of personal, organizational, and social factors that affect whistleblowing, very little research has examined the three factors that are the focus of this study and the roles that they might play in whistleblowing behavior. The results show that (a) wider spans of control of middle-level versus upper-level managers have opposite effects on internal whistleblowing, (b) fixed terms for agency leaders are negatively related to internal whistleblowing, and (c) internal system responsiveness to employee complaints or grievances has mixed effects on internal whistleblowing. This study concludes by discussing the implications of these findings and proposing effective ways to manage whistleblowing within public organizations.

Solid insulation materials need to be robust in terms of both mechanical and electrical performance for application in a high-voltage superconducting apparatus. It is known that creepage discharge characteristics of solid insulation materials are inferior to their electrical breakdown characteristics with penetration. Therefore, electrical breakdown accidents in a superconducting apparatus could occur as a form of creepage discharge rather than electrical breakdown with penetration. In this study, we conduct dielectric experiments on the penetration and creepage discharge characteristics of epoxy resin and polypropylene laminated paper under cryogenic temperature by using three kinds of electrode systems. The first is for creepage discharge experiments along the surfaces of solid insulation materials in liquid nitrogen. The second is for creepage discharge experiments across the interface between two different solid insulation materials making contact in liquid nitrogen. The third is for experiments of electrical breakdown with penetration on solid insulation materials in liquid nitrogen. Dielectric experiments are conducted with an absolute pressure of 0.1 MPa under alternating current and lightning impulse voltages. Experimental results for electrical breakdown characteristics of solid insulation materials with penetration are compared with the creepage discharge characteristics on the surface and interfaces between solid insulation materials. Moreover, the criteria for electric field intensities at creepage discharge voltages in various conditions are deduced as empirical formulas.

Organizational behaviorists have long argued that inequity in worker compensation is problematic. The authors use data on 254 public and private nonprofit research universities to evaluate the antecedents of salary differences between male and female full-time assistant professors. Drawing on representative bureaucracy theory, they hypothesize that female representation among the associate and full professor ranks, as well as in executive management positions (including the university president), will be negatively associated with gender pay gap differences. Findings support the hypotheses, although the impacts for many of the variables differ between public and private institutions. Important effects are also found related to a variety of institutional characteristics, including funding from state appropriations.

Power consumption has been increasing in industrial society [1]. The application of a superconducting apparatus is considered one of the most promising countermeasures against the increased power consumption. Additionally, the rated voltage of the superconducting apparatus has been being uprated to minimize the power loss. In order to ensure the electrical safety of a high-voltage superconducting apparatus, the dielectric design of solid insulation materials used in the high-voltage superconducting apparatus should be performed considering the aging characteristics. In this study, we examine the E-t characteristics of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), known to be one of the best solid insulation materials for cryogenic conditions [2]. Specifically, the E-t characteristics of GFRP according to its electric field uniformity are tested and analyzed to ensure the reliability of long-term operation. All the experiments are conducted in liquid nitrogen (LN2) to suppress the occurrence of creepage discharge and to promote the occurrence of electrical breakdown [3]. The experiments on the E-t characteristics of GFRP are performed with four kinds of sphere-plane electrode systems manufactured using stainless steel. The electric field uniformity and its relationship with electrical breakdown are analyzed using a finite element method, and the experimental results are analyzed using the Weibull distribution.

A high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil system often operates in an environment cooled with liquid nitrogen (LN2). However, it could be surrounded in part by gaseous nitrogen (GN2) as a result of film boiling due to thermal quenching. This may negatively affect the dielectric reliability in a composite dielectric system relative to that of a liquid dielectric system because the intensity of the electric field increases at the gaseous dielectric layer. The increase in the electric field intensity with the gaseous dielectric layer may degrade the dielectric reliability of the HTS coil system. This study investigates the dielectric characteristics of a composite insulation system with GN2 and LN2 to design an HTS coil system with high reliability in a quench state. The dielectric experiments use a sphere-to-plane electrode system made of copper, and three types of voltages (AC, DC, and lightning impulse) are applied to the sphere electrode with a grounded plane electrode. The electrical breakdown voltage of the composite dielectric system is measured and analyzed with respect to the height of the gaseous nitrogen layer. Finally, the dielectric characteristics of the composite dielectric system corresponding to a given height of the gaseous nitrogen layer are compared with those of GN2 and LN2 dielectric systems.

The XLPE (Cross Linked Polyethylene) is widely used to fabricate the sheath of power cable for its excellent electrical characteristics. However, the XLPE may cause environmental disruption and electrical aging due to its thermosetting property and included impurities created during a manufacturing process. A study on the development of a non-cross linked polyolefin material is conducted as a substitute material for XLPE material by the research project, 'Development of non-cross linked polymetric insulators for eco-friendly distribution power cable' supported by Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP). In this study, experiments on the newly developed non cross linked polyolefin material and the conventional XLPE material are conducted in accordance with the standards of ASTM D-149 and the experimental results are compared with each other. Also, dielectric experiments by using several kinds of electrode systems made with stainless steel in silicone oil are conducted under AC voltage condition and the experimental results are analyzed by the Weibull distribution.

Faster and more efficient breeding cycle is not an option to deal with unpredictable and fast global climate changes. Phenomics for collecting huge number of individuals in accurate manner could be an answer to solve this problem. We collected image data to measure plant height and manual data for shoot length to be compared. QTLs clustered of plant height and shoot length were detected in 2-week old seedlings, which was consistent with many other reports using various genetic resources in matured stage. Further, these traits are highly correlated with yield by pleiotropism or tight linkage of those traits. It implies the “phenome-assisted selection” can be applied for yield trait in rice in the very early stage to shorten the breeding cycle significantly in fast but low-cost manner.

Considering the deterioration characteristics of 2G hightemperature superconducting (HTS) tapes is necessary to design a mechanically and electrically robust superconducting coil. In this study, the deterioration characteristics of 2G HTS tapes such as the critical current (I c) and n value are determined according to the electrical breakdown applied. AC, DC, and lightning impulse (IMP) voltages are applied to 2G HTS tapes stabilized by various materials to verify their deterioration characteristics. It is found that the degree of deterioration is dependent on the applied voltage and the type of 2G HTS tape. This implies that the deterioration characteristics of the 2G HTS tape by the discharge is influenced by the total energy of the input voltages whereas the variation in deterioration according to the type of the 2G HTS tape is a result of the electrical resistivity and hardness of the stabilizer material. Deterioration characteristics of 2G HTS tapes damaged by discharge voltages are analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).

Several types of solid insulation materials can be used as formers and insulators to develop high voltage superconducting coil systems. Solid insulation materials for a cryogenic environment are necessary to obtain excellent dielectric characteristics and robust mechanical characteristics. In this paper, partial discharge inception and the electrical breakdown characteristics of solid insulation materials are studied in LN2 under AC and DC voltages. Each of the experiments on solid insulation materials, such as glass fiber reinforced plastic and Bakelite, is performed for different thicknesses and stackings. The relationship between the discharge characteristics and the intensity of the electric field of the solid insulation materials can be calculated using the finite element method and can also be analyzed. Results show that the discharge characteristics of the solid insulation materials can be affected by the thickness and number of stacking sheets. In addition, the pattern of the partial discharge inception voltage under a DC voltage is not equal to that under an AC voltage.

The expansion of electric capacity is inevitable to satisfy the demands of rapid economic growth. An increase in electricity load causes a decrease in load impedance. As a result, the fault current would exceed the capacity limit for the short-circuit breaker installed in a power system. Fault current that exceeds the rating of a conventional circuit breaker will degrade the stability of the power grid system. Many types of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) fault current limiters (FCLs) have been developed to enhance the stability and reliability of a power grid system. In this paper, a resistive HTS FCL using 2G HTS wires is designed, taking into consideration the demand quantity of 2G HTS wires, the winding type of the coils, the number of series and parallel connections, electrical insulation, and mechanical stability in the fault state. The length of the superconducting coils and the number of series and parallel connections are calculated. A finite-element method is used to perform dielectric and mechanical design analysis.

Solid insulation materials used in the application of a superconducting apparatus need to be robust in terms of both mechanical and dielectric performance. The surface discharge characteristics of solid insulation materials are inferior to their penetration breakdown characteristics. Therefore, dielectric accidents in a superconducting appliance can occur as a form of surface discharge rather than as a form of penetration breakdown. In this paper, dielectric experiments on the surface discharge characteristics of glass-fiber-reinforced plastic in gaseous nitrogen (GN2) at room temperature and liquid nitrogen (LN2) at 77 K are conducted to design a high-voltage superconducting coil system with high reliability. As a result, the electric field intensity at surface discharge voltage $V_{\mathrm{SD}}$ under ac and dc voltages is deduced as an empirical formula.

Glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) and MC Nylon are widely used in superconducting apparatuses, such as in superconducting fault-current limiters, due to their excellent mechanical and dielectric performance. Many superconducting apparatuses are operated in a high-voltage condition. Thus, an unexpected dielectric accident can occur with damage to a superconducting magnet. Therefore, dielectric experiments on the creepage discharge characteristics of GFRP and MC Nylon were conducted for developing a high-voltage superconducting coil system. For this paper, the creepage discharges along the surfaces of solid insulators in gaseous nitrogen (GN 2 ), and along the interface between two pieces of solid insulation in contact, were experimented on and analyzed, with respect to ac and dc voltages, at 300 K, under the absolute pressure of 0.1 MPa.

본 논문은 항공기 지상이동유도 및 통제 시스템(A-SMGCS)의 소프트웨어를 개발하기 위해 CNS/ATM 분야의 지상용 항공장비 소프트웨어 표준인 DO-278A를 적용한 사례를 제시하였다. DO-278A를 적용하기 위해 필요한 고려사항들을 기술하였으며, DO-278A에 명시된 프로세스 혹은 요건들을 테일러링한 방법에 대해 상세히 논의하였고, 테일러링된 결과에 대해 설명하였다. 그리고 DO-278A를 처음 적용하여 개발하고자 할 때 발생할 수 있는 사항들과 DO-278A를 적용하면서 발생했던 문제점들이나 이슈사항들을 정리하였다. 결론으로 DO-278A를 적용하면서 시행착오를 줄이기 위해 반드시 고려되어야 하는 교훈들을 설명하였으며 이러한 문제점들이나 이슈사항들을 해결하기 위한 방법을 제시하였다.

Safety assessment is necessary to develop safety related CNS/ATM system. It includes functional hazard assessment (FHA), effects eliciting system safety requirement that mitigates system`s hazardous event. This paper performs a case study for functional hazard assessment of A-SMGCS. To do this, related A-SMGCS studies from Eurocontrol and EMMA are surveyed, and assessment schemes of functional hazard from Eurocontrol and EMMA are combined. Not only FHA scope but also several assumptions for FHA are defined for Incheon airport. 29 hazards are identified and their severities are assessed. And exposures and safety objectives from hazards are analyzed using event tree analysis method. Differences between result of this study and result of EMMA are analysed, and assessment results in this study are also reviewed.