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Military airbases face challenges such as high temperatures from jet exhaust, spills of aviation oil during refuelling and maintenance, and other factors. The combination of these factors leads to spalling, which is the deterioration of the concrete pavement. Spalling creates debris that poses a risk to jets and maintenance crews. This research aims to understand the causes of spalling in military pavements and develop suitable cementitious materials by adjusting the binder, aggregate, and incorporating different types of fibres. To simulate airfield conditions, the laboratory used an electric oven to generate heat similar to jet exhaust and spills of aviation fuel, engine oil, and hydraulic oil on the pavement. Various concrete specimens like cylinders, cubes, and beams were tested for their mechanical and thermal properties. The research focused on creating spalling-resistant cementitious composites by adjusting the Portland cement concrete mix ratios, geopolymer concrete, aggregates, silica fume, and steel/polyvinyl alcohol fibres. The degradation and decomposition of concrete mineral components were assessed using FTIR, XRD, and TG/DSC tests. The chemical composition of aviation oils was also analysed. The presence of fatty acid esters and phosphates in aviation oil react with concrete, forming harmful salts and reducing mechanical properties at high temperatures. Since aggregates make up a significant portion of concrete, lightweight aggregates, which perform better under high temperatures, were evaluated alongside normal-weight aggregates. Geopolymer concrete, incorporating 20% silica fume and hybrid fibres, was tested for its resistance to spalling due to its excellent fire resistance. The addition of hybrid fibres significantly enhanced the performance of the concrete. Overall, this cementitious matrix demonstrated the best performance under simulated airfield conditions. Therefore, the study recommends using geopolymer concrete with 20% silica fume, partially replacing basalt aggregate with lightweight brick chips, and incorporating 0.7% hybrid fibres for cementitious matrices in military airbases.