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Supplementary Material 1. Appendix 1. Single Models and Partition Models Examining the Associations of SB, LPA and MVPA on Physical Function Test (n=141)

Background: To date, there is no studies have investigated the associations between the Walk Scores of neighborhood environments and the physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) of older adults in rural areas. Purpose: The aim of this study was thus to examine the correlations of Walk Scores with sufficient PA and prolonged SB in order to provide appropriate recommendations for older adults living in rural areas. Methods: The sample comprised 1,083 older adults (aged ���65 years). Cross-sectional data on PA, SB, and screen time were obtained by using computer-assisted telephone-based interviews. The Walk Score, which indicates the walkability of a neighborhood, was assessed for each participant's neighborhood, with the resulting scores divided into five classes ranging from class 1 to class 5. Binary logistic regression analyses were adopted. Results: Compared with those living in very car-dependent locations (class 1), older adults who lived in locations classified as a ���walker's paradise��� (class 5) were more likely to meet the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendation (���150 min/week) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37-4.02). However, older adults who lived in a somewhat walkable area (class 3) (OR= 1.61; 95% CI = 1.05-2.47), very walkable area (class 4) (OR= 1.75; 95% CI= 1.11-2.75), or a walker's paradise (class 5) (OR= 2.58; 95% CI= 1.54-4.33) also had significant likelihoods of excessive SB (���7hr/day). In addition, similar results were found regarding to excessive screen time (���2 hr/day). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that living in a more walkable neighborhood may support MVPA while also being associated with excessive SB among older adults living in rural areas. These findings provide critical information for improving neighborhood walkability and the health-related behaviors of suburban or rural area residents. Funding: This work was supported by Shao-Hsi Chang received a personal grant from the College of Sports and Recreation, National Taiwan Normal University, and from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (Grant Number: MOST 108-2410-H-003-117)., The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress

Additional file 1.

The study aimed to describe the prevalence of meeting moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), muscle-strengthening (MS) activities, and television (TV) viewing guidelines, and their association with sociodemographic factors. Data from older adults aged 65 or above were sampled by age and sex to the population aged 65+ years for each area in Taiwan and collected through telephone interviews. The prevalence of meeting MVPA and MS activities, MVPA and MS activities guidelines, and excessive TV viewing were calculated. We also investigated their associations with sociodemographic variables using logistic regression analyses. A total of 1068 older adults (response rate: 32.5%) participated in the present study. 79.4% met the MVPA guidelines (150 min weekly), 25.3% met the MS guidelines (twice a week), 22.4% met both MVPA and MS guidelines, and 53.1% engaged in excessive TV viewing (more than or equal to two hours per day). Overall, in old age, low educational level was associated with lower odds of meeting MVPA and MS activities, and both the MVPA and MS activity guidelines, while living alone and having no full-time job had higher odds of excessive TV viewing. A large number of older adults do not meet the MS recommendations, but are engaged in excessive TV viewing. Our findings may be important for public health interventions to promote MS and avoid excessive TV viewing, especially for at-risk subgroups.