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In recent years, with the continuous improvement of China’s urbanization level, the transfer of agricultural population to cities has stepped up, and the number and scale of grain stored by farmers have shown a significant downward trend. However, the problem of grain postpartum loss caused by improper storage of farmers is still prominent every year. This paper mainly conducts in-depth investigation and analysis on the characteristics, loss rate and loss causes of the front-end storage links of farmers’ grain in China. The study found out that at present, the scale of grain storage of farmers in China is gradually decreasing, but the total scale is still large. The purpose of grain storage of farmers is mostly used for rations and feed grain, and a small amount is to wait for a better time to sell grain. There are regional differences in the number and scale of grain storage of farmers, which is mainly manifested in the fact that the main production area is higher than the production and marketing balance area and the main sales area. The study also found that the loss rate of grain storage in China’s farmers showed a downward trend, and there were significant differences in the loss rate of grain storage among farmers. Due to the poor storage facilities of farmers, improper storage management, weak scientific storage awareness, lack of storage technology and other reasons, the loss of rodents, mildew and pests is large, among which the loss of rodents is the most serious. Finally, the study also puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for targeted derogation management.

Objective: Accidental pharyngeal fishbone ingestion is a common complaint in ear, nose, and throat clinics. Approximately two-thirds of the accidentally ingested fishbones can be removed using tongue depressors and indirect laryngoscopy. However, the remaining third is challenging to identify and remove using these methods. These difficult fishbones require identification and removal via more advanced approaches. Video-guided laryngoscope is used to deal with difficult fishbones in our center. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for difficult fishbones. Methods: A prospective study was performed at a teaching hospital on 2080 patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors. Results: The common fishbone locations were the tonsils (39.8%; defined as STEP-I), tongue base (37.1%), vallecula (13.3%; STEP-II), and hypopharynx (9.8%; STEP-III). With increasing STEP level, the ratio of difficult fishbones correspondingly increased (Z = 13.919, P <.001), and the proportions were 21.1%, 41.9%, and 70% in STEP-I, II, and III, respectively. In particular, fishbones in STEP-III (vs STEP-I) had a higher risk of difficult fishbones (odds ratio [OR]: 11.573, 95% CI: 7.987-16.769). Complaints of neck pain (yes vs no), foreign body sensation (yes vs no), and shorter length of fishbones always had a lower risk of difficult fishbones (OR: 0.455, 95% CI: 0.367-0.564; OR: 0.284, 95% CI: 0.191-0.422; OR: 0.727, 95% CI: 0.622-0.85). Missing teeth (yes vs no), swallowing behavior after fishbone ingestion (yes vs no), and male patients (vs female) had a higher risk of difficult fishbones (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.47-2.456; OR: 1.631, 95% CI: 1.293-2.059; OR: 1.278, 95% CI: 1.047-1.56). Conclusions: Neck pain, foreign body sensation, fishbone length, patient age and sex, tooth status, and swallowing behavior after fishbone ingestion are independent risk factors for difficult fishbones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The associations between climate variables and diseases such as respiratory infections, influenza, pediatric seizure, and gastroenteritis have been long appreciated. Infection is the main reason for acute otitis media (AOM) incidence. However, few previous studies explored the correlation between climatic parameters and AOM infections. The most important meteorological factors, temperature, relative humidity, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), were included in this study. We studied the relationship between these meteorological factors and the AOM visits. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A linear correlation and a linear regression model were used to explore the AOM visits and meteorological factors. Results: A total of 7075 emergency department visits for AOM were identified. Relative humidity was found an independent risk factor for the AOM visits in preschool children (regression coefficient = −10.841<0, P =.039 <.05), but not in infants and school-age children. Average temperature and PM2.5 were not correlated with AOM visits. Conclusion: Humidity may have a significant inverse impact on the incidence of AOM in preschool-age children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When chaotic systems are used for speech encryption, their chaotic performance largely determines the security of speech encryption. However, traditional chaotic systems have problems such as parameter discontinuity, easy occurrence of chaos degradation, low complexity, and the existence of periodic windows in chaotic intervals. In real applications, chaotic mappings may fall into periodic windows, which is extremely unfavorable for security. In this paper, a new chaotic mapping 2D-LMSM is proposed by improving the chaotic logistic and sine mappings, and applied to speech encryption. Performance evaluation shows that this map can effectively generate robust chaotic signals in a wide parameter range. The 2D-LMSM achieves better robustness and desired chaotic properties than several existing two-dimensional chaotic maps. We propose a novel speech encryption algorithm using this map. First, it performs Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the input speech signal to obtain real and imaginary values, which are encrypted by one-time scrambling encryption and XOR diffusion encryption with pseudorandom numbers generated by chaos; then, it performs secondary scrambling encryption by Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and 2D-LMSM; finally, it obtains encrypted speech data by Discrete Wavelet Inverse Transform (IDWT) and Fast Fourier Inverse Transform (IFFT). Experimental results show that this algorithm has good encryption and decryption performances and ensures system security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare endoscopic myringoplasty using the cartilage-perichondrium complex as a graft (test group) with temporalis fascia microscopic myringoplasty (control group).Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.Setting: Department of Otorhinolaryngology in a tertiary Chinese hospital.Methods: Data were collected on patients between 2017 and 2019. To balance the baseline characteristics between groups, we performed a propensity score-matched analysis, and 44 patients were included in each group. Hearing improvement and eardrum closure rates were compared, and risk factors affecting them were analyzed.Results: In the control and test groups, 90.90% and 86.36% of patients had a mean air-bone gap ≤20 dB after the surgery, respectively (P = .843). The air conduction (AC) threshold gain at each frequency was similar in the 2 groups (P > .05). The closure rates were 95.45% and 93.18%, respectively (P = .645). The air-bone gap improved significantly after surgery, F(1, 61) = 6.729, P = .012. Age, group, middle ear mucosal status, and location of the perforation did not affect the change in air-bone gap or the drum closure rate (P > .05). However, there was an interaction between the change in air-bone gap and the size of the perforation, F(1, 61) = 11.067, P = 0001.Conclusion: Endoscopic myringoplasty using a cartilage-perichondrium complex graft is comparable with traditional surgery. Age, location of the perforation, and middle ear mucosal status did not significantly affect the change in air-bone gap or the drum closure rate. A perforation size ≥50% was always associated with a better air-bone gap improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]