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Abstract Background The immune landscape associated with different subtypes of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and early gastric cancer (EGC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the immune landscape of complete intestinal metaplasia (CIM), incomplete intestinal metaplasia (IIM), and EGC, as well as the underlying mechanisms of EGC progression. Methods Gastric biopsy samples were collected from five patients with CIM, six patients with IIM, and four patients with EGC, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Multiplex immunohistochemical staining was employed to validate the samples from the aforementioned patients. To elucidate the potential mechanisms involved, in vitro coculture experiments were conducted using FOLR2+/FOLR2− macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Flow cytometry was utilized to investigate the biological functions of FOLR2+ macrophages in the progression of EGC. Results Five subpopulations of macrophages were identified in CIM, IIM and EGC samples. FOLR2+ macrophages possess antitumor immune potential, and the proportion of FOLR2+ macrophage gradually decreased from the CIM stage to the IIM and EGC stages. FOLR2+ macrophages were significantly positively correlated with CD8+ T cells and activated the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells via antigen cross-presentation. Additionally, during the progression of EGC, epithelial cells progressively upregulated APP expression, thus inducing necroptosis of FOLR2+ macrophages via the APP‒TNFRSF21 axis. Conclusions Our work provides an understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of IM mediated by FOLR2+ macrophages. Graphical Abstract

【Objective】 Wheat is the most important crop in North China. However, the scarcity of freshwater resources in this region cannot sustain its production. Optimizing wheat planting area to balance wheat production and its water requirement is hence essential to conserving irrigation water and alleviating water shortage pressure. 【Method】 Evapotranspiration and wheat yield were used as indicators to establish the objective of the wheat planting areas at county scale in the region. Optimization for wheat production was established from the trade-off between wheat production and its water consumption. 【Result】 From 2001 to 2009, evapotranspiration in the wheat season exhibited an increasing trend, followed by a significant decrease from 2010 to 2018 (p

Medium chain triglycerides has the effect of reducing body weight, regulating lipid metabolism, relieving fatigue and so on, and it is liquid at room temperature. In order to facilitate its application in the field of food, the medium chain triglycerides microcapsules were prepared by spray drying with whey protein and inulin as composite wall materials. The effects of composite wall material proportion, wall material addition amount, core-wall ratio, emulsifier addition amount and composite emulsifier proportion on the embedding rate of medium chain triglycerides microcapsules were investigated by single factor experiment. Box-Behnken design response surface test was used to optimize the preparation formula of medium chain triglycerides microcapsules, and the basic physical and chemical properties of the prepared medium chain triglyceride microcapsules were determined. The response surface method results showed that the optimal preparation conditions of medium chain triglycerides microcapsules were as follows: whey protein: inulin ratio of 3∶1 (w/w), emulsifier supplemental amount of 0.4 g/100 mL, core wall ratio of 1∶1 (w/w), compound wall material (whey protein and inulin) supplemental amount of 14 g/100 mL, compound emulsifier (monoglycerol∶sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) ratio of 1∶1 (w/w), under this condition, the embedding rate of carbon chain fatty acid triglyceride microcapsules can reach 95%. The medium chain triglycerides microcapsules had good fluidity, dispersibility and solubility. The microcapsules had uniform particle size, the average particle size were 4.43 μm.

Objective(s): To determine the protective effect of Apelin-13 on cardiac hypertrophy through activating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.Materials and Methods: The phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model was established in H9C2 cells in vitro. Electroporation transfection technology was utilized to prepare and screen the H9C2 cells inducing low expression of the angiotensin type one receptor-related protein (Si-APJ). H9C2 and Si-APJ cells were divided independently into five groups: the control group, the PE group, the PE+Apelin group, the PE+Rapa group, and the PE+Apelin+Rapa group. RT-PCR was performed to analyze the mRNA expression levels of myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7). Expression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins and MYH7 was investigated by western blot.Results: The expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR phosphorylated proteins was significantly higher in the PE group compared with the PE+Apelin group in H9C2 cells (P0.05).Conclusion: Apelin-13 reduces PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

The three macronutrients of lipid, protein and carbohydrate are closely related to human health, and their supply is basically sufficient. However, with the increasing number of patients suffered from hyperlipidemia, obesity, etc., as well as the deepening of the aging process, traditional nutrients can not fulfill the nutritional needs of these people anymore. Therefore, nutritional, processing and organoleptic properties of these three major nutrients need to be enhanced by the deep-processing. Nowadays, the recombinant protein and carbohydrate industries have made great progress in China, but the recombinant lipid industry is just in its infancy. Hence, this paper briefly introduced the status, development opportunities and challenges of domestic structure lipid industry，and expounded the underlying efficacy mechanisms of several main structure lipids. The latest research progress on the health effects and preparation technology of structure lipid were also presented. In addition, in view of the existing problems, future development advices are proposed from the perspectives of theoretical breakthrough, technological innovation, and industrial upgrading, aiming to provide valuable references for the development of domestic structure industry.

A novel concept is described here that utilizes externally applied heat to a solid rod of reconstituted tobacco biomass to form a stream of aerosol under progressively oxygen-deficient atmosphere. The boundary of auto-ignition was determined at oxygen concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 21% and then the effects of these different atmospheres on various parameters were studied. Experimental results indicated that the ignition temperature decreased with the increase of oxygen concentration and a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) for atmosphere with oxygen was observed at before but close to ignition temperature. Significant differences in the yields of CO and CO2 between oxygen and oxygen-free atmosphere were observed. The mass of aerosol produced under an inert atmosphere and reduced-oxygen atmosphere were characterized with selected volatile and semi-volatile components, phenols, aldehydes, and other organic compounds of interests. In addition, higher oxygen concentration resulted in higher bulk and surface oxygen content of solid-phase residue, the reduction of carbon and hydrogen element content and related functional groups, and the content of inorganic compounds also exhibited an increase with oxygen concentration. By systematically changing oxygen concentrations of the biomass bed with increasing temperatures, an aerosol stream of controlled chemical composition and yields could be formed without leading to ignition. Key chemical markers of inhalation harm were measured and compared to each other under different degrees close to combustion. Studying reconstituted tobacco or other biomass materials in such a way could provide alternative and useful information in the design heated biomass aerosol generators.

A lit cigarette forms a positive and negative pressure zone by a puff with respect to the position of its paper burn line. Smoke aerosols generated from the two zones are then pulled through the rod under the puff to form the mainstream smoke. This phenomenon is fundamental to the thermophysics and the resultant chemical composition of the mainstream smoke. In this study, we created two different airflow pathways inside a heated tobacco rod by a puff, and investigated the differences in aerosol formation and its chemical compositions. The two different pressure-induced conditions, one through an open-ended tobacco rod (marked as HNB, a label of a designed airflow pathway of commercial heated tobacco products called heat-not-burn prior), and the other through a closed-ended tobacco rod (marked as NSC, a label of a novel-designed airflow pathway of heated tobacco products), were compared for their aerosol collected mass (ACM), the contents of nicotine, water and added aerosol agents such as propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (VG), as well as selected aldehydes and ketones in the mainstream aerosol. Aerosol particle distribution and the heated temperature along different rod locations were also compared during a puff. The results indicated marked differences in the aerosol formation processes between the two HNB and NSC systems. The transfer ratios of the main aerosol components were significantly higher for the NSC; the levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were significantly lower under the NSC than the HNB condition. There were also significant differences for the aerosol particle number concentration (APNC) and count median diameter (CMD) for the two systems. The lack of convective heat transfer in the aerosol formation under the NSC condition resulted in a relatively stable thermal aerosol generation zone, reflected by the temperature difference between the two systems in the selected locations. The NSC mode of tobacco heating thus offers a novel and enhanced aerosol generation for heat tobacco product designs.

North China has specific regional advantages in the overall economic and social development of China, and water resources are the most prominent factor that affects the sustainable development of this region. This study focuses on the land spatial layout of water-and-land adapted planting in North China. Based on the analysis of agricultural planting structure and water and land resource layout in the current year (2018) of North China, and considering varied population, climate, and socio-economic scenarios and water resource constraints, the study proposes a scheme for optimizing the agricultural planting layout in North China that adapts to local water and land resource conditions. We suggest that the burden on production and supply of commercial grain and other commercial agricultural products in North China should be appropriately reduced. In terms of improving the regional water resource carrying capacity, Hebei Province should alleviate its water shortage through water transfer. Shanxi Province should improve the agricultural water use efficiency through agricultural mechanization and modernization. Shandong Province and Henan Province can moderately fallow the land and improve forest and grass coverage. It is also recommended to optimize the spatial layout of agricultural planting and adjust the planting structure to adapt to water. In shallow groundwater overexploitation areas as well as Tianjin City and the southeast of Hebei Plain where deep groundwater overexploitation is severe, semi-arid land planting systems and structures that adapt to precipitation should be developed, and the specific recuperation period should be determined according to the rate of groundwater recharge.

Aims: To investigate adherence to oral anticoagulants among patients after mechanical heart valve (BHV) replacement and further examine the mediating role of medication belief in the relationship between knowledge and medication adherence.Background: The number of patients who undergo BHV replacement has increased in recent years. Short-term anticoagulant therapy is recommended for patients after BHV replacement. However, little is known about adherence to oral anticoagulant therapy and the underlying mechanisms among patients with BHV replacement.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2022 and November 2022. A convenience sample of 323 patients who underwent BHV replacement was recruited from a tertiary public hospital in Southwest China. Data were collected by using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire-specific, and the Knowledge of Anticoagulation Questionnaire. The mediation model was tested by Hayes’s PROCESS macro. The STROBE checklist was used.Results: Approximately 17.3% of participants had low adherence, 47.1% had medium adherence, and only 35.6% reported high adherence to oral anticoagulants. Knowledge and necessity beliefs were positively related to medication adherence, while concern beliefs were negatively correlated with medication adherence. Medication belief mediated the relationship between knowledge and adherence to oral anticoagulants.Conclusion: Patients with BHV replacement demonstrated relatively low adherence to oral anticoagulant therapy. Efforts to enhance medication adherence should consider improving patients’ knowledge and medication beliefs.

Abstract Background Hypercontractile esophagus is a rare hypercontractile esophageal motility disorder. The etiology of hypercontractile esophagus is unknown but an association between acid reflux and hypercontractile esophagus has been suggested. We present the first report on the use of potassium-competitive acid blockers in the treatment of hypercontractile esophagus. Case presentation A 43-year-old man presented with dysphagia, chest pain and regurgitation for a period of 1 year. Initial workup showed a twisted lumen with abnormal contractions in the distal esophagus during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and abnormal acid exposure under 24-h esophageal pH monitoring. The use of standard-dose proton pump inhibitors didn’t relieve his symptoms. Subsequent high-resolution esophageal manometry made a diagnosis of hypercontractile esophagus. Treatment with vonoprazan resulted in symptomatic resolution and abnormal contractions were no longer detected on follow-up high-resolution manometry. Conclusions Potassium-competitive acid blockers like vonoprazan offer an alternative therapeutic method for patients with hypercontractile esophagus who are refractory to proton pump inhibitor therapy. The use of potassium-competitive acid blockers in hypercontractile esophagus warrants further research and may provide evidence for an acid-related etiology of hypercontractile esophagus.

Extensive research in predicting annual passenger throughput has been conducted, aiming at providing decision support for airport construction, aircraft procurement, resource management, flight scheduling, etc. However, how airport operational throughput is affected by convective weather in the vicinity of the airport and how to predict short-term airport operational throughput have not been well studied. Convective weather near the airport could make arrivals miss their positions in the arrival stream and reduce airfield efficiency in terms of the utilization of runway capacities. This research leverages the learning-based method (MB-ResNet model) to predict airport hourly throughput and takes Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) as the case study to demonstrate the developed method. To indicate convective weather, this research uses Rapid Refresh model (RAP) data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Although it is a comprehensive and powerful weather data product, RAP has not been widely used in aviation research. This study demonstrated that RAP data, after being carefully decoded, cleaned, and pre-processed, can play a significant role in explaining airfield efficiency variation. Applying machine learning/deep learning in air traffic management is an area worthy of the attention of aviation researchers. Such advanced artificial intelligence techniques can make use of big data from the aviation sector and improve the predictability of the national airspace system and, consequently, operational efficiency. The short-term airport operational throughput predicted in this study can be used by air traffic controllers and airport managers for the allocations of resources at airports to improve airport operations.

To address the issues of insufficient research and unsatisfactory replacement effects of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hangar for transmission line inspection, a dispatch management system and method for UAV hangar for transmission line inspection are proposed. Combined with multi-UAV hangar control, patrol route planning, unmanned electromechanical energy supplement, remote accurate take-off and landing and other technologies, remote control and centralized dispatching management of UAV hangar are realized, and a new mode of transmission line intelligent patrol operation of UAV hangar is established. In the application practice of transmission line inspection in Foshan area, this system has achieved intelligent inspection of UAV hangar, greatly improving the quality and efficiency of power grid inspection, and providing strong technical support for enhancing the comprehensive ability of power inspection automation and achieving unmanned transmission line inspection.

The joint operation scheme of water projects compiled year by year in the Pearl River Basin comprehensively considers the current situation of flood control in the basin and the practical experience of dispatching and continuously expands the water projects included in the scope of joint operation,which optimizes and adjusts the existing dispatching modes of water projects.It has now become an important non-engineering measure for real-time flood control operation.In June 2022,the Pearl River Basin experienced a catastrophic flood,second only to the one in 1915.Under the guidance of the basin joint operation scheme of water projects,and based on the flood characteristics and flood control situation,the Longtan Reservoir plays a core role,jointly operated with various types of water projects such as the reservoirs in the main and tributary rivers,flood storage and detention areas,and floodgates.It coordinates the overall situation of the river basin and fully taps into the flood control and storage potentials of water projects,successfully dealing with the 2022 flood.This paper sorts out the application of the joint operation scheme of water projects during the flood period in 2022 and analyzes the application mode and dispatching effects of the joint operation of water projects under different water inflow situations.Then,the deficiencies of the flood control joint operation scheme of water projects exposed during the flood period are summarized.Discussions are made on the optimization space of flood control operation mode of water projects with the Longtan as the core.Finally,the countermeasures and suggestions for the further improvement of the joint operation scheme of the Pearl River Water Project are proposed.

In view of the increasingly prominent contradiction between flood control and water supply and demand in the Changzhou Water Conservancy Project,the current dispatching scheme of the reservoir is analyzed from the aspects of water supply,power generation,shipping,and ecology,and the comprehensive dispatching requirements are proposed.In addition,modern forecasting and dispatching technologies are used to systematically study the optimal dispatching scheme under different dispatching needs.The operating water level during the flood season is increased from 18.6 m to 19.6 m,and the risk and benefit are analyzed.The results show that the implementation of the scheme can increase the water level of the reservoir area by 1.0~1.5 m and the water storage capacity by 200 million cubic meters on the premise of ensuring flood control safety.The scheme gives full play to the water supply,shipping,and ecological benefits of the reservoir,and meanwhile,it can raise the power generation capacity by 5.05%,producing remarkable economic and social benefits.

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to analyze the clinical characteristics, auxiliary examinations, and treatment measures of small intestinal lymphangioma and to improve the clinical diagnostic ability of clinicians.MethodsThis paper reports two cases of small intestinal lymphangioma in the Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, and makes a comprehensive analysis.ResultsA 31-year-old woman went to the hospital with complaints of dizziness, fatigue, and anemia. A 52-year-old woman complained of upper abdominal pain and went to the hospital with abdominal pain awaiting investigation. Both patients were subjected to three major routine examinations, tumor complete set, CT, capsule endoscopy, and deep enteroscopy, and both of them underwent complete resection of the affected intestinal segment. Pathology showed that both patients had small intestinal lymphangioma.ConclusionsThe clinical manifestations of small intestinal lymphangioma lack specificity. Capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopy are helpful for clinical diagnosis, and pathological examination is still the gold standard. Surgical treatment can achieve better results.

In order to reasonably evaluate the ecological environment of Dari County in the source region of the Yellow River, the characteristics and actual conditions of Dari County's ecological environment are taken into account, and the principles of representativeness, scientificity, operability and systematicness of index are followed. An evaluation index system is established for Dari County based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) conceptual framework. Combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the cloud model, an ecological environment evaluation model for Dari County is established, and the ecological environment of Dari County is quantitatively evaluated. The model organically combines the ambiguity and randomness of the uncertainty concept. It not only describes the ambiguity of the evaluation level with a membership function, but also considers the randomness of the membership itself using the concept of superentropy, which is more in line with the actual evaluation object. The results indicate that the ecological situation of Dari County is in a ‘general’ state that should be urgently protected for sustainable development, and land degradation is the most important factor affecting the ecological environment of Dari County. HIGHLIGHTS A model method combining AHP and cloud model.; The ecological environment of Dari County is in a general state.; The evaluation index system of Dari County based on PSR framework is proposed.; Land degradation is an important factor affecting the ecology of Dari County.; The evaluation model can take into account both ambiguity and randomness.;

Abstract Background Gastric cancer is a common cancer in China. This project investigated the disease burden of gastric cancer from 1990 to 2019 in China and globally. Methods The global age‐standardized rates (ASRs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease. Moreover, the estimated annual percentage changes (eAPCs) in the ASRs of incidence (ASIR), mortality (ASMR), and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) were calculated to determine the trends by countries and regions. Results In China, the ASIR declined from 37.56 to 30.64 per 100,000 and the ASMR declined from 37.73 to 21.72 per 100,000. The global ASIR decreased from 22.44 to 15.59 and the ASMR declined from 20.48 to 11.88 per 100,000 persons from 1990 to 2019. The ASIR was the lowest in Malawi (3.28 per 100,000) and the highest in Mongolia (43.7 per 100,000), whereas the ASMR was the lowest in the United States of America (3.40 per 100,000) and the highest in Mongolia (40.04 per 100,000) in 2019. The incidence of early‐onset gastric cancer increased in China. The DALYs attributed to gastric cancer presented a slight decrease during the period. China had a higher mortality/incidence ratio (0.845) and 5‐year prevalence (27.6/100,000) than most developed countries. Conclusion China presented a steady decline in the incidence and mortality rates for gastric cancer. The global ASIR, ASMR, and DALYs showed a slight rise decrease. Different patterns of gastric cancer rates and temporal trends have been identified in different geographical regions, indicating that specific strategies are needed to prevent the increase in some countries.

Surface hydroxyl treatment of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) was performed in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. With hBN, hBN-OH and nanofibrillated cellulose fibers (NFC), flexible free-standing high-content BN films were fabricated through vacuum filtration and LBL self-assembly methods. Their atomic oxygen resistance properties were evaluated in a ground-based simulation facility. The results show that mass loss and erosion yield (Ey) of hBN-OH/NFC film decline by 33% and 38% respectively compared with hBN/NFC film. After AO exposure, both films manifest carpet-like morphologies, elements oxidations and BN lattice distortions. And hBN-OH/NFC film possesses higher boron oxide content on the surface. Based on BN films responses, shielding AO models were put forward and influences of hydroxyl treatment on atomic resistance property of BN films were analysed.

Objective To compare the 2⁃year survival rate of anterior implants with delayed or immediate loading and to explore the risk factors associated with immediate loading implantation. Methods A total of 126 patients were assessed from July 2012 to July 2015, including 210 implants. The patients were followed for more than 2 years. Univar⁃ iate and multivariate survival analyses were performed using logrank tests and Cox regression analysis to identify risk factors for dental implant failure with the immediate loading or conventional loading of anterior teeth. Results The 2⁃ year survival rates of anterior implants with delayed and immediate loading were 96.3% and 89.0%, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P < 0.05). The 2⁃year survival rate with delayed loading of implants was higher than that of the immediate loading of implants. Survival analysis indicated that the risk factors for implant failure were smoking and maxillary implantation in both the immediate loading and conventional loading groups. Conclusion There is high risk associated with the immediate loading of anterior implants. The immediate load⁃ ing of maxillary anterior implants and smoking in association with implantation may cause implant failure.

In order to improve the photocatalytic degradation performance and stability of nano TiO2, Dy doped TiO2 supported on high silica glass fiber was prepared by microwave-sol method combined with dip-coating method. The samples were analyzed by XRD,SEM,PL,EDS,XPS and other equipments for phase composition of films,surface topography, surface elements and the stability of films. And the effects of pretreatment solution and coating method on the high-silica fiber film were investigated.In addition, the photocatalytic performance of the sample has been investigated by degrading methylene blue. The results show that the catalytic stability of Dy doping TiO2 nanofilms supported on high silica glass fiber can be improved and the degradation of methyl orange can reach 94% in 30min after 5 times of coating treatment.

VAlSiN coatings with different Si contents were deposited at 300℃ by reactive magnetron sputtering. The effect of Si content on the microstructure, growth morphology,chemical state, mechanical properties,friction and wear properties was investigated. The results show that the VAlN coating exhibits a single-phase NaCl structure with (111) preferred orientation. The VAlSiN coatings gradually lose their structure of (111) preferred orientation and transfer into amorphous structure with the increase of Si content. The VAlSiN coatings which Si content is more than 1.8% (atom fraction,same as below) are multi-phase composite coatings consisting of nc-VAlN and a-Si3N4. Compared to VAlN coating, the density of VAlSiN coatings with small amount of Si (0.8%) is increased significantly as well as the hardness that reaches 30.1GPa,while the grain size is decreased. Further increasing Si content, the growth of columnar grains is interrupted, concomitant of the hardness gradually declines and tends to be stable at 22GPa. The friction coefficient of the VAlSiN coatings decreases first and then increases with the increase of Si content. The wear rate reaches the lowest value of 1.2×10-16 m3·N-1·m-1 is obtained when Si content is 0.8%.

The annual maximum flood magnitude and occurrence time are of great significance to the safe flood control and comprehensive benefits of reservoirs.Taking Changzhou reservoir as the example,this paper uses Von Mises function distribution and Pearson Type Ⅲ distribution to describe the time probability distribution of flood and probability distribution of peak discharge respectively,establishes the joint distribution of the two variables of the occurrence time and magnitudes of the annual maximum flood based on Frank Copula function,and describes the occurrence time distribution characteristics,joint return period and conditional return period of annual maximum flood in Changzhou reservoir.The results show that the joint distribution function based on Frank Copula function can fit both occurrence time and magnitudes of the annual maximum flood well,and can effectively mine the information of inflow flood,which can provide reference for the optimal dispatching and risk management.