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Munkánk célja a megosztott e-taxi szolgáltatások innovatív megoldásainak vizsgálata. Ehhez összegyűjtöttük a megosztott elektromobilitásra vonatkozó nemzeti és európai uniós szakpolitikákat, ösztönzőket, stratégiákat és trendeket. Elsőként a jelenleg elérhető (e-) autómegosztó rendszerek terjedését és a Covid-19 világjárvány hatásait mutattuk be. Ezután a fenntartható taxizást vizsgáltuk, az egyik hazai példa a London Electric Vehicle Company (LEVC) által gyártott TX elektromos taxi volt, amelynél az üzemeltetési költség, illetve CO2 kibocsátás-megtakarítást a hagyományos taxikhoz viszonyítva számítottuk ki. A világjárvány után várhatóan felgyorsul a fejlett önvezető technológia elterjedése és ez a változás új lehetőségeket fog hozni. Ezért áttekintést készítettünk az ilyen komplex hatású innovatív technológiákról, hogy feltárjuk az e-taxi szolgáltatások alkalmazási feltételeit, a benne rejlő lehetőségeket és veszélyeket. Végül javaslatokat fogalmaztunk meg a hazai gyakorlatba való átültethetőségre vonatkozóan.

A tanulmányban három kérdéskört járok körül, amely az európai büntetés-végrehajtási rendszereket jellemzi. A tanulmányban egy uniós és schengeni, egy uniós, de nem schengeni, valamint egy sem nem schengeni sem nem uniós országot elemzek. Az összehasonlító elemzés középpontjában a büntetés-végrehajtási rendszerben a tényleges életfogytig tartó szabadságvesztés kiszabása, a törvényességi felügyelet valamint az édesanya és a gyermek elhelyezésére szolgáló speciális szabályok vizsgálata áll. Az országválasztás indokát az a körülmény alapozta meg, hogy vajon a nemzetközi kötelezettségvállalás miként befolyásolja a vizsgált speciális szabályokat a különböző országokban.

Biodiversity related observational data are collected in a variety of ways and for a variety of purposes, mostly in the form of some sort of organised data collection action. Data management solutions are often developed to manage the data collection processes and organise the data, which may work well on their own but are less compatible with other data management tools.In a continuous development process, we have created the OpenBioMaps (OBM) biodiversity data management platform, which can be used as a self-hosted data management platform and as a free service, hosted by several institutions for biological database projects. OBM has the ability to integrate biological databases without any structural or functional constraints, allowing a high degree of flexibility in data management and development; it provides interfaces to facilitate communication between different end-user communities, including scientists, citizens, conservationists and educational staff. We have also established a network of OBM services based on collaboration between government, educational and scientific institutions and NGOs to provide a public service to those who lack the capacity or knowledge to set up or manage their own self-hosted servers.OpenBioMaps uniquely focuses on the entire data management process, from building the data structure to data collection, visualisation, sharing and processing.

Many vertical seismic velocity anomalies originate in the transition zone between the upper and lower mantle (410–660 km) and form so-called secondary plumes. These anomalies are interpreted as the result of thermal effects of large-scale thermal upwelling (primary plume) in the lower mantle and/or deep dehydration of fluid-rich subducting oceanic plates. We present the results of thermo-mechanical modelling to investigate the dynamics of such small-scale thermal and chemical (hydrous) anomalies rising from the lower part of the Earth’s upper mantle. Our goal is to determine the conditions that allow thermo-chemical secondary plumes of moderate size (initial radius of 50 km) to penetrate the overlying lithosphere, as detected in seismo-tomographic studies in such intra-continental areas as the Tengchong volcano in south-western China and the Eifel volcanic fields in north-western Germany. To this end, we investigate the effect of the compositional deficit of the plume density due to the presence of water and hydrous silicate melts. In our models, secondary plumes of purely thermal origin do not penetrate the overlying plate, but flatten at its base, forming “mushroom”-shaped structures at the level of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. On the contrary, plumes with enhanced density contrast due to a chemical (hydrous) component are shown to be able to penetrate upward through the lithospheric mantle to shallow depths near the Moho. Our findings can explain the enigmatic observations of columnar (“finger”-shaped) anomalies in the intraplate lithospheric mantle discovered in Europe and China. We argue that a chemical component is a characteristic feature not only of conventional hydrous plumes developed in the big mantle wedge over presently descending oceanic slabs, but also of upper mantle plumes in other tectonic settings.

This study examines the early development of the function as place of authentication in the case of the collegiate chapter of Arad from the first issued diploma (1229) to the death of King Charles I. Although earlier historiography examined some of the important places of authentication (e.g., Pécs, Csanád), in casé of Arad, only oné historian, Kálmán Juhász analyséd oné hundréd yéars ago the first charters and the authentication function. The study will present the historiography some aspects about charter issuing, the flow of information between medium regni (Buda, Viségrád) and Arad. I have also collected the contributors related to the place of authentication (dignitaries, canons and choir priests). In Appendix, I have published the list of the diplomas issued by the collegiate chapter of Arad with the main details between 1229 and 1342.

A tanulmány középpontjában Jézus Krisztus pere áll, amely az abban bemutatott bizonyítási eszközökre helyezi a hangsúlyt. A szerző a bűnvádi eljárás különböző szakaszaiban, annak különböző helyein (a Szanhedrin, a helytartó és Pilatus előtt) elemzi és értékeli a Megváltó ellen felvonultatott bizonyítási eszközöket. A vizsgálandó kérdés arra irányul, vajon mindez megalapozhatta-e az ítélethozatalt, vagy Jézus egy koncepciós, összeesküvésen alapuló per áldozata lett.

A tanulmány egy antik civilizáció szabályozási rendszerén keresztül mutatja be, hogy miként kezelte a római jog a kéjelgéstársadalmi jelenségét. A közjog, valamint a büntetőjog eszközrendszere lehetővé tette, hogy a kéjelgéssel kapcsolatos magatartásokat(így különösen a kerítést) a társadalom „crimen”-ként kezelje, ezáltal megteremtette annak üldözhetőségét. A tanulmány górcső alá veszi annak indokait, valamint a Corpus Iuris Civilis segítségével részleteiben elemzi annak tényállásait. A tanulmány célja, hogy új ismeretekkel gyarapítsa a jogtudomány, azon belül is a büntetőjog ismeretrendszerét. A tanulmányban a szerző az analízis és szintézis duális egységét, absztrakciót, rendezést és relációt, valamint forráskritikát alkalmazott, mint tudományos módszert. A tanulmány eredményterméke a tárgykörben nevezett jelenség megismerési folyamatának újabb részletei.

Comprehending symbiont abundance among host species is a major ecological endeavour, and the metabolic theory of ecology has been proposed to understand what constraints symbiont populations. We parameterized metabolic theory equations to predict how bird species’ body size and the body size of their feather mites relate to mite abundance according to four potential energy (microbial abundance, uropygial gland size) and space constraints (wing area, number of feather barbs). Predictions were compared with the empirical scaling of feather mite abundance from 26,604 birds of 106 passerine species, using phylogenetic modelling and quantile regression. Feather mite populations were strongly constrained by host space (number of feather barbs) and not energy. Moreover, feather mite species’ body size was unrelated to their abundance or to the body size of their host species. We discuss the implications of our results for our understanding of the bird-feather mite system and for symbiont abundance in general.

A finite simple graph is called a k-multicirculant if its automorphism group contains a cyclic semiregular subgroup having k orbits on the vertex set. It was shown by Giudici et al. that, if k is squarefree and coprime to 6, then a cubic arc-transitive k-multicirculant has at most $$6k^2$$ vertices (J. Combin. Theory Ser. B, 2017). In this paper, we classify the latter graphs under the assumption that their semiregular cyclic subgroups are contained in a soluble group of automorphisms acting transitively on the arc set of the graphs. As an application, cubic arc-transitive p-multicirculants are completely described for each odd prime p.

Aim Migration is a constantly changing adaptation due to the climate condition evolution. The struggle for surviving during harsh winter season is different across Europe, being more complex toward the inner parts of the continent. The current approach explores the Common Buzzard number variation during the cold season and the climatic predictors of birds of prey wintering movements in relation to the possible influences of the Carpathian Mountains, which may act as a geographical barrier providing shelter from cold air outbreak from north and northeast of the continent. Location Romania (45°N25°E). Taxon Birds of Prey. Methods We applied a GLMM to investigate the relation between continental and local climatic factors with the number of Common Buzzard observations in two regions. The first region is located inside the Carpathian Arch and the other one outside, east of this large mountains chain. Results The Common Buzzard numbers wintering Eastern from the Carpathian Mountains are highly influenced by AO (Z = 2.87, p, The analysis of meteoclimatic conditions reveals different spatial origins of Common Buzzard observed in Romania. While the high number of individuals in Moldova is related to their eastern and northeastern Europe origins, in Transylvania the higher number of individuals observed is related to the more sheltered characteristics of the region attracting individuals from central‐eastern Europe. Also, the Transylvania region being well sheltered during cold air outbreak represents a more favorable region for wintering. From this point of view, we can consider that the Carpathian Mountains are a geographic barrier for wintering birds of prey.

Background: The evaluation of site-specific phenotype according to the topographic location of atherosclerotic lesions within the coronary tree has not been studied so far. The present study is based on the premise that the location of coronary plaques can influence their composition and degree of vulnerability. Aim: To evaluate different phenotypes of vulnerable coronary plaques across the three major coronary arteries in terms of composition, morphology, and degree of vulnerability, in patients with chest pain and low-to-intermediate probability of coronary artery disease, using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and a complex plaque analysis. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 75 subjects undergoing CCTA for chest pain, who presented at least one vulnerable coronary plaque (VP), defined as the presence of ≥1 CT vulnerability marker (low attenuation plaque, napkin-ring sign, spotty calcifications, positive remodeling). The study included per plaque analysis of 90 vulnerable coronary lesions identified in various locations within the coronary tree as follows: n = 30 VPs in the left anterior descending artery (LAD), n = 30 VPs in the circumflex artery (CXA), and n = 30 VPs in the right coronary artery (RCA). Results: The RCA exhibited significantly longer VPs (p = 0.001), with the largest volume (p = 0.0007) compared to those arising from the LAD and CXA. Vulnerable plaques located in the LAD exhibited a significantly more calcified phenotype (calcified volume: LAD – 44.07 ± 63.90 mm3 vs. CXA – 12.40 ± 19.65 mm3 vs. RCA – 33.69 ± 34.38 mm3, p = 0.002). Plaques from the RCA presented a more non-calcified phenotype, with the largest non-calcified (p = 0.002), lipid rich (p = 0.0005), and fibrotic volumes (p = 0.003). Low-attenuation plaques were most frequent in the RCA (p = 0.0009), while the highest vulnerability degree was present in lesions located in the LAD, which presented the highest number of vulnerability markers per plaque (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Vulnerable plaques arising from the right coronary artery are longer, more vo-luminous and with larger lipid and non-calcified content, whereas those located in the left anterior descending artery present a higher volume of calcium, but also a higher degree of vulnerability. The least vulnerable lesions were present in the circumflex artery.

An orientably-regular map M is a 2-cell embedding of a finite connected graph in a closed orientable surface such that the group Aut ∘ M of orientation-preserving automorphisms of M acts transitively on the set of arcs. Such a map M is called a Cayley map for the finite group G if Aut ∘ M contains a subgroup, which is isomorphic to G and acts regularly on the set of vertices. Conder and Tucker (2014) classified the regular Cayley maps for finite cyclic groups, and obtain two two-parameter families M ( n , r ) , one for odd n and one for even n, where n is the order of the regular cyclic group and r is a positive integer satisfying certain arithmetical conditions. In this paper, we classify the regular Cayley maps for dihedral groups in the same fashion. Five two-parameter families M i ( n , r ) , 1 ≤ i ≤ 5 , are derived, where 2n is the order of the regular dihedral group and r is an integer satisfying certain arithmetical conditions. For each map M i ( n , r ) , we determine its valence and covalence, and also describe the structure of the group Aut ∘ M i ( n , r ) . Unlike the approach of Conder and Tucker, which is entirely algebraic, we follow the traditional combinatorial representation of Cayley maps, and use a combination of permutation group theoretical techniques, the method of quotient Cayley maps, and computations with skew morphisms.

A graph is called t -tough if the removal of any vertex set S that disconnects the graph leaves at most | S | ∕ t components. The toughness of a graph is the largest t for which the graph is t -tough. A graph is minimally t -tough if the toughness of the graph is t and the deletion of any edge from the graph decreases the toughness. The complexity class DP is the set of all languages that can be expressed as the intersection of a language in NP and a language in coNP. In this paper, we prove that recognizing minimally t -tough graphs is DP-complete for any positive rational number t . We introduce a new notion called weighted toughness, which has a key role in our proof.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across Europe. Most of the patients do not experience any warning sign before the coronary event develops, therefore screening this group of patients is essential to prevent major cardiac events. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) offers a noninvasive approach of the coronary arteries, providing information not only on the presence and severity of the coronary stenosis, but is also able to characterize the structure of the coronary wall. CCTA allows complex evaluation of the extension of CAD, and by assessing the structure of the atherosclerotic plaque, it can identify its degree of vulnerability. The napkin-ring sign (NRS) represents a ring-like attenuation of the non-calcified portion of the coronary lesion and has a high specificity (96–100%) for the identification of thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) or culprit lesion in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). It is also an independent predictor for ACS events and the strongest predictor for future ACS. Modern CCTA can provide submillimeter isotropic spatial resolution. Thus, CT attenuation-based tissue interpretation enables the assessment of total coronary plaque burden and individual plaque components, with a similar accuracy as intravascular ultrasoud-based investigations. This review aims to present the important role of CCTA as a potent screening tool for patients with CAD, and the current evidences in the detection and quantification of vulnerable plaques.

Cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of death in western societies. This contributes to the appearance of new diagnostic and treatment methods addressed to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases. In the last decades new imaging methods have emerged; furthermore, routine biomarkers were found to be useful in cardiovascular risk stratification. Data reviewed in this article emphasize the multifactorial etiology of cardiovascular disease. The authors describe the role of inflammation in the precipitation and progression of atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation. Affordable and well-known inflammatory markers can be used alone or in combination with new imaging methods for a better cardiovascular risk stratification. Coronary computed tomographic angiography findings and inflammatory markers are capable to identify patients with high risk of major adverse cardiovascular events or atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, they also have an important role in the choice of treatment strategy and follow-up.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a pandemic and public health crisis of an unprecedent effect. Clinical studies reported an association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease, whereas COVID-19 itself can induce myocardial injury, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome, and venous thromboembolism. Case summary: A patient diagnosed via screening coronary computed tomography angiography with non-obstructive coronary artery disease was hospitalized with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and atrial flutter during a severe respiratory infection episode with SARS-CoV-2. After recovery from the infectious episode, fractional flow reserve-guided elective percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent was performed. Conclusions: COVID-19 intercurrence in a cardiovascular patient with nonobstructive coronary artery disease triggered coronary plaque vulnerabilization with subsequent development of an acute coronary syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 proved to be involved via direct viral tissue involvement and concomitant mechanisms derived from systemic illness in the development of a severe supraventricular arrhythmic event.

From business, social and moral point of view it is an inevitable task to research the older generation’s innovation habits, because they are gaining an increasing share in advanced societies. Of course we have to take into account the rapid development of information technology too. The lack of knowledge and skills required for online activity among the elderly people are typically setting limits, but at the same time, the benefits of usage are becoming more and more evident to them, and even this kind of readiness is becoming more and more inevitable. This draws the attention on the multilateral mapping of the innovation behaviour of the elderly. It’s important to pay attention while analysing the elderly people that their group is strongly divided by health status, by living conditions, by lifestyles, by values and other factors, so according to the innovation acceptance they draw different patterns of behaviour. And of course we have to keep in mind that there are also differences between the two generations of the elderly, the veterans and the baby boomers (people born in Ratko-era), because they have been getting to know the Internet in different life stages. In this primary research, the authors study the behaviour of the two older Hungarian generations (veterans and those born in the Ratko-era) through the usage of information technology, based on the theory of Rogers’ innovation acceptance model.