Search

This study evaluated the productivity and nutrient concentrations of organic cherry tomatoes and leguminous green manures grown in intercropping systems in rotation with maize. The experimental des...

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:21:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-06 Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ) Agencia Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegocios (APTA) do estado de Sao Paulo, Nova Odessa, Brazil Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Hyg-Systems, Braganca Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil Volatile oils have been extensively investigated as an alternative for tick control. This study evaluated thein vitroeffects of volatile compounds emanated byCorymbia citriodora(Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson andEucalyptus globulusLabill., Myrtaceae, volatile oils and their major compounds, citronellal and 1,8-cineole, respectively, at doses of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/g, onRhipicephalus micropluslarvae and engorged females. The effects of these volatile oils were compared with those of commercial acaricides. In bioassays with engorged females, percentages of oviposition inhibition (OI %) and efficacy of the product (EP %) were determined, as well as tick larval mortality. The larval tests with citronellal presented high mortalities (> 80%) for all analysed doses, except 10 mg/g, while those for 1,8-cineole at the lowest dose (10 and 20 mg/g) produced the highest mortality (> 85%). In general, the volatile compounds released by these oils resulted in larval mortality and inhibition of the reproductive parameters in the engorged females, with efficacies over 80%. Inst Zootecnia, Ctr Pesquisa Genet & Reprod Anim, Rua Heitor Penteado 56, BR-13380011 Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biol, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Dept Comportamento & Biol Anim, Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biol, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2014/13143-7 FAPESP: 2014/02843-8

Nosemosis is an important disease that affects honey bees (Apis mellifera Lineu), caused by obligate intracellular parasites, Nosema apis and/or Nosema ceranae. Since the initial detection of N. ceranae in A. mellifera coincided with recent large-scale losses of bee colonies worldwide, the impacts of this parasite under field conditions are of great interest. Here we test two hypotheses, the first one, whether the climatic variables (temperature, air humidity and precipitation) influence the intensity of infection of the microsporidium Nosema spp. in Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera), and the second, whether the local of hive installation (outdoor or roofed) influences the intensity of infection of these spores in Africanized honey bees. Between August 2013 and August 2016, samples of Africanized bees were collected weekly from 20 colonies, of which ten were located in an open area (outdoor apiary) and ten under a roof on a concrete floor (roofed apiary). N. ceranae was the only species present. The type of apiary did not influence (p > 0.05) the number of spores of N. ceranae in Africanized bees. However, the infection intensities of the roofed apiary colonies were lower in the autumn. Regarding the meteorological parameters, there was a negative correlation between the winter infection intensities and the minimum temperature in the roofed apiary and the humidity in the outdoor apiary. The highest infection intensities occurred in both apiaries in the spring and summer, which may be related to higher pollen production. On average, the infection intensity was 16.19 ± 15.81 x 105, ranging from zero to 100.5 x105, and there were no records of collapse during the three years.

This work aimed to evaluate the nitrogen transfer, the yield and the nutrient contents of organic cherry tomatoes intercropped with legumes in two successive years. The randomized block experimenta...

Os modelos aleatórios têm sido usados com muita frequência no melhoramento genético (coeficiente de herdabilidade, índice de seleção, etc). Em geral, o uso de tais modelos leva a estimar os componentes de variancia, cujos métodos são bastante discutidos na literatura. O problema surge quando não se pode supor uma distribuição normal dos dados. Neste caso, recomenda-se o uso de transformações que normalizem esses dados (ou pelo menos que se obtenha uma distribuição simétrica dos mesmos) e se tenha homogeneidade de variâncias. Essas transformações têm sido indicadas por vários autores, dependendo da distribuição dos dados. Assim, utilizando-se a proporção de variação explicada e feita uma simulação de um modelo inteiramente ao acaso com dados balanceados, analisou-se o efeito da transformação sobre as estimativas de componentes de variância para os efeitos de tratamentos e resíduo supondo distribuição Binomial e Poisson. O método utilizado para a estimação dos componentes de variância foi de Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita e para gerar os dados usaram-se as subrotinas do Sistema SAS. Verificou-se que, as proporções de variações explicadas não inferiram muito na presença de transformações, confirmando as indicações da literatura de que para se estimarem os componentes de variância, não e necessário que os dados sigam uma distribuição normal. Models with random effects are been used intensively in researches for genetic breeding (genetic parameters). Usually, application of these models is done to get estimation of variance components, although the methods used in these estimations are get largely discussed in the literature. The problem arises when data are not normally distributed. In this case, it is suggested the use of the data transformation that normalizes these data (or at least one which give symmetric distribution of these data) and get the homogeneous variance. These transformations are being indicated by several authors considering the data distributions. Thus, the use of a proportion accounted for the explained variance and by simulation in a model for a completely randomized design it was analysed the effect of the data transformation on the estimation of variance components for treatment effects and it was supposed that data follow the Binomial and Poisson distributions. The method used for estimation of variance components was the Restricted Maximum Likelihood and to get these data it was utilized the subroutines of SAS system. It was verified that the proportion of explained variances demonstrated no great differences when the data were transformed, and it was confirmed the literature indication that for variance components estimation it is not necessary the normal distribution of the data.

The supply of nutrients to forage legumes is significant for their nutritional quality. The study aimed to evaluate the bromatological characteristics of the legume Macrotyloma axillare in response to the combined application of phosphorus and calcium. The study was conducted in a greenhouse on a Red Yellow Ultisol. A fractionated 52 factorial was used, with 13 different combinations of phosphorus and calcium application rates (P-Ca): 0-0; 0-20; 0-40; 100-10; 100-30; 200-0; 200-20; 200-40; 300-10; 300-30; 400-0; 400-20; and 400-40 mg dm-3. Experimental units were set in a randomized block design, with four replications. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and crude protein (CP) in the leaves and branches were determined in two harvests. In both harvests of the legume we observed that the ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin contents in the leaves did not show isolated or combined responses to phosphorus and calcium rates. It was concluded that the combined supply of phosphorus and calcium did not interfere in the nutritional quality of the legume. Calcium supplied alone interfered only the NDF content and phosphorus supplied of the CP of the leaves. Phosphorus rates of 31.5 mg dm-3 and 28.2 mg dm-3 were responsible for the lower NDF content in the leaves and the higher hemicellulose content in the branches, respectively. O fornecimento de nutrientes para as leguminosas forrageiras é importante para sua qualidade nutricional. O estudo objetivou avaliar as características bromatológicas da Macrotyloma axillare em resposta a aplicaçãocombinada de doses de fósforo e cálcio. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma casa de vegetação sob um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 52 fracionado, com 13 combinações diferentes das doses de fósforo e cálcio (P-Ca): 0-0, 0‒40, 0‒80, 15‒20, 15‒60, 30‒0, 30‒40, 30‒80, 45‒20, 45‒60, 60‒0, 60‒40, e 60‒80 mg dm-3. As unidades experimentais foram distribuídas em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Determinou-se fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), hemicelulose, celulose, lignina e proteína bruta (PB) das folhas e ramos em dois cortes. Nos dois cortes da leguminosa observou-se que os teores de FDA, hemicelulose, celulose e lignina das folhas não apresentaram respostas isoladas ou combinadas às doses de fósforo e cálcio. Concluiu-se que o fornecimento combinado de fósforo e cálcio não influenciou na qualidade nutricional da leguminosa. O fornecimento isolado de cálcio interferiu somente no teor de FDN e fornecimento de fósforo na PB das folhas. As doses de fósforo de 31,5 mg dm-3 e 28,2 mg dm-3 foram responsáveis pelo menor teor de FDN nas folhas e pelo maior teor de hemicelulose nos ramos, respectivamente.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of the prebiotic fructooligosaccharide and/or alfalfa hay to piglet diets on carcass traits and short-chain fatty acid profiles in the cecal digesta. Seventy-two commercial crossbred piglets of both sexes, with an average initial weight about 6 kg and age of approximately 21 days, were distributed in a randomized block design, using a factorial scheme, which consisted of three alfalfa hay levels (0, 5, and 10%) and two fructooligosaccharide levels (0 and 0.3%). Fiber addition in the presence of the prebiotic exerted an effect on cecal digesta short-chain fatty acid, increasing the acetic and reducing the butyric acid concentrations. The meat quality was also affected by the treatments, water activity, water-holding capacity of meat, and especially the reduction of fat content and the increase of moisture. The treatments did not affect the pH and the ammonia content in the cecal digesta. Most carcass traits were not affected by the treatments, except for carcass weight and backfat thickness in points 1 and 2, that decreased with the inclusions of fiber and prebiotic. The addition of 5% alfalfa hay improves carcass and meat traits in growing pigs without any change in carcass weight, demonstrating the advantage of using this ingredient to obtain a healthy final product to the customers.

Intercropping is a method for straw production and maintenance during the dry season in no-tillage systems. Among the crops used for intercropping are corn and grasses. However, nitrogen can interfere with the production capacity of these plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient accumulations and efficiency values of out-of-season corn and Congo grass intercropped under a no-tillage system as a function of the nitrogen fertilisation applied by side dressing. The experimental design was a randomised complete block with four replicates of four nitrogen application rates: 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha−1. The evaluations were carried out when the corn was physiologically mature. The phosphorus and potassium accumulation and nitrogen utilisation efficiency of the out-of-season corn did not respond to the nitrogen rates. The nitrogen recovery efficiency and the nitrogen to biomass conversion efficiency of the Congo grass also did not respond to nitrogen application rates. Nitrogen fertilisation as side dressing in the rows of the out-of-season corn and Congo grass intercropping improves the nutrient cycling in the no-tillage system. Side dressing fertilisation with nitrogen improves the agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency of the out-of-season corn and Congo grass intercropping under a no-tillage system.

This paper deals with the influence of honey bees pollination on cantaloupes in covered areas. The experiment was set in a protected area (396.20 m 2 ) of the Department of "Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ)", University of Sao Paulo, in Piracicaba, State of SaoPaulo, Brazil. Seeds of the cantaloupeshybrid Bond No. 2 of the "rendilhado" type were sowed, in two rows of plants, 0.60 m between plants and 0.20 m between rows. Firstly the pollination was manually done on 30 floral buttons, later on one introduced a nucleus of honey bees Apis mellifera, responsible for pollinating the rest of flowers in the protected area. The parameters determined for the harvested fruits were: weight (g); diameter (cm); length (cm); Brix (°); acidity (meq kg -1 ) and pH. A total of 26 cantaloupes that had received hand pollination and 35 which received bee pollination were analyzed. One observed that the bee pollination was most efficient, resulting in cantaloupes with better characteristics the absence of deformed fruits.

NOTA CIENTÍFICA: CONTROLE DO CANCRO DA HASTE DA SOJA POR MEIO DE CALAGEM E ADUBAÇÃO POTÁSSICA

NOTA CIENTÍFICA: EFEITO DO ANO AGRÍCOLA QUENTE SOBRE CRESCIEMENTO DA PLANTA E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO CANCRO DA HASTE DA SOJA