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PurposeRecycled fibres used as reinforcements are obtained from garment cut wastes of cotton, polyester and cotton/polyester fabrics to develop these composites. These composites are developed by using Epoxy resin, Kaolinite, Polypropylene sheet as matrices. Reinforcements and matrices have been used in different compositions and combinations to develop these composites. The main advantages of this type of composites are to combine the different properties of different materials to obtain unique and high-performance material.Design/methodology/approachGarment cut wastes from apparel industries are used for various applications in various industries. Normally, garment cut wastes and recycled fibres from garment cut wastes are used in textile, furniture, carpet, paper, automobile, construction and agricultural industries in low mechanical performance applications. In this research, composites are developed by using recycled fibres obtained from garment cut wastes as reinforcement and with different types of matrices.FindingsTechnical properties like thickness, mass per unit area, Tensile strength, Flexural strength, Impact strength, Water absorbency and Scanning Electron Microscope of developed composites were tested and analyzed. The outcome of the results demonstrates that many of the composite proportions with different blend, reinforcement and matrcies show superior mechanical performances when compared with each other, and it can be recommended for many potential applications.Originality/valueThe properties of composites are dependent on the different blend proportions of recycled fibres with reinforcement and matrices. Based on the result of tensile strength, polyester/cotton fibre reinforced composites show superior strength compared to other recycled fibre reinforced samples and it can be suitably tailored further by appropriate design of different lay-up angle and orientation with the number of different preformed layers of reinforcements to suit the intended applications.

Most commonly used behavioral measures for testing learning and memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) involve comparisons of an animal’s residence time in different quadrants of the pool. Such measures are limited in their ability to test different aspects of the animal’s performance. Here, we describe novel measures of performance in the MWM that use vector fields to capture the motion of mice as well as their search pattern in the maze. Using these vector fields, we develop quantitative measures of performance that are intuitive and more sensitive than classical measures. First, we describe search patterns in terms of vector field properties and use these properties to define three metrics of spatial memory namely Spatial Accuracy, Uncertainty and, Intensity of Search. We demonstrate the usefulness of these measures using four different data sets including comparisons between different strains of mice, an analysis of two mouse models of Noonan syndrome (NS; Ptpn11 D61G and Ptpn11 N308D/+), and a study of goal reversal training. Importantly, besides highlighting novel aspects of performance in this widely used spatial task, our measures were able to uncover previously undetected differences, including in an animal model of NS, which we rescued with the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor SL327. Thus, our results show that our approach breaks down performance in the MWM into sensitive measurable independent components that highlight differences in spatial learning and memory in the MWM that were undetected by conventional measures.

Memory of a sequence of distinct events requires encoding the temporal order as well as the intervals that separates these events. In this study, using order-place association task where the animal learns to associate the location of the food pellet to the order of entry into the event arena, we probe the nature of temporal order memory in mice. In our task, individual trials become distinct events, as the animal is trained to form a unique association between entry order and a correct location. The inter-trial intervals ( 30 min) are chosen deliberately to minimize the inputs from working memory. We develop this paradigm initially using four order-place associates and later extend it to five paired associates. Our results show that animals not only acquire these explicit (entry order to place) associations but also higher order associations that can only be inferred implicitly (temporal relation between the events) from the temporal order of these events. As an indicator of such higher order learning during the probe trial, the mice exhibit predominantly prospective errors that decline proportionally with temporal distance. On the other hand, prior to acquiring the sequence, the retrospective errors are dominant. In addition, we also tested the nature of such acquisitions when temporal order CS is presented along with flavored pellet as a compound stimulus comprising of order and flavor both simultaneously being paired with location. Results from these experiments indicate that the animal learns both order-place and flavor-place associations. Comparing with pure order-place training, we find that the additional flavor stimulus in a compound training paradigm did not interfere with the ability of the animals to acquire the order-place associations. When tested remotely, pure order-place associations could be retrieved only after a reminder training. Further higher order associations representing the temporal relationship between the events is markedly absent in the remote time.

In this investigation, a facile and cost-effective method was developed for fabricating the tungsten selenide/carbon nanotube (WSe2/CNT) hybrid photocatalysts by an aqueous hydrothermal method. The structural, optical, and photocatalytic activities of the prepared photocatalysts were investigated through various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectra analysis, UV-Vis spectra analysis, and photoluminescence spectra analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was tested toward methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. The WSe2/CNT hybrid photocatalysts show outstanding efficiency (95%), high rate constant (0.341 min−1), and high stability. Moreover, the WSe2/CNT composite exhibits enhanced photoconversion efficiency (8.23%) under solar light. The possible photovoltaic mechanism was also proposed and discussed.

Aluminum 7075 has proved its dominance in numerous applications because of its strength and light weight. Recent research in AA7075 has brought high potential in improving wear resistance, corrosion and machinability. This paper is highly concentrated to improve the wear resistance of AA7075 used in automotive applications. This work includes fabrication of AA7075 with predetermined compositions of SiC by using friction stir processing. First, SEM analysis has been carried out to ensure the defect free zone of surface hybrid composites. Secondly, L9 Taguchi array design was used to obtain wear behavior analysis. Based on the experimental results, influencing factor on wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF) was examined. Based on grey relational analysis (GRG) analysis, Load places a major contribution of 54.22% compare to wt. % of Sic and Sliding velocity on wear and COF and improvement in GRG is achieved by 17%.

Comfort is an aspect and is considered as one of the important characteristics of clothing. Generally, the comfort properties can be distinguished into three categories, viz., thermo-physiological ...

Background:Warts are benign cutaneous and mucosal epithelial proliferations caused by Human papilloma viruses (HPV).[1]Several therapeutic approaches have been used in treating warts like topical medication such as salicylic acid, trichloroacetic acid, podophyllin, podophyllotoxin, glutaraldehyde, formalin, imiquimod,5-uorouracil and ablative procedures and surgical excision. This study is designed to determine the efcacy of intralesional immunotherapeutic agent BCG vaccine in clearing warts. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised of 20 cases of multiple recalcitrant cutaneous warts. Ethical clearance was sought and informed consent was obtained from all patients.The wart with longer duration and largest size was selected for this procedure. 0.1ml of BCG vaccine was injected intralesionally into the wart and was repeated every 3 weeks till complete clearance of the warts or for a maximum of 9 weeks. Results: After completion of 3 sittings at an interval of 3 weeks we observed the complete response in common warts , palmar warts and plantar warts was 64.5% , 58% and 40% respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that intralesional BCG injection was safe and efcacious in the treatment of multiple recalcitrant cutaneous warts.

Copper metal and its alloys are the most used in the industries because it holds excellent conductivity and natural corrosion protectiveness against air/moisture. However, copper undergoes degradation in presence of aggressive 3.5% NaCl. Protective coating is one of the practical methods to safeguard copper metal. In this study, 2-amino-4-methyl-pyridine (AMP) was coated as self-assembled monolayer method (SAM) with different immersion periods (12 h/24 h) and investigated the corrosion potential against 3.5% NaCl medium. Chemical composition of AMP/SAM/Cu was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and morphological analysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. AMP’s corrosion inhibition potential were evaluated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDS) analyses. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations explained the stronger adsorption of AMP over copper metal surface via self-assembly method. The corrosion analysis revealed that AMP’s SAM formation (24 h immersion) enhances the corrosion protection of Cu metal, which is mainly due to the uniform thin adhesive compact layer formation and blocks incoming corrosive chloride ions. EIS investigation evident that AMP forms an adhesive layer over the copper surface and prevents the diffusion of aggressive corrosive medium, while PP studies revealed that AMP acts via the mixed mode of corrosion inhibition mechanism. AMP’s significant inhibition efficiency 90% was confirmed via PP analysis. AFM analysis enabled the morphology image of AMP’s shielding over Cu surface and the molecular modeling investigation supported well for the Cu–N (from AMP) bond formation.

4-methyl N-(4-chlorobenzylidene)aniline (4CBT) single crystal with dimension of 10 × 7 × 2 mm3 has been grown by the slow evaporation solution growth method. 4CBT crystal belonging to the monoclinic crystal system with space group of P21/c was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Fourier transform infrared analysis shows the existence of functional groups in 4CBT crystal. The existence of different protons position is confirmed using 1HNMR analysis. The optical nature of 4CBT is illustrated with help of cut-off wavelength and the transparency of the titled compound. The thermal stability of the grown crystal was analysed by thermogravimetric technique. Dielectric studies were also studied with respect to temperature and frequency. The energy values of highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital have been measured by frontier molecular analysis. Third-order nonlinear optical properties of 4-methyl N-(4-chlorobenzylidene) aniline crystal were measured by Z-scan technique and the measured values of the nonlinear index of refraction and absorption coefficient shows the suitability of grown crystal for photonic applications.

Aim: The aim of the study was to find the suitable situation for the fixation of “six” hole miniplates in open reduction and internal fixation of displaced and nondisplaced unilateral angle of the mandible fractures. Subjects and Methods: Displaced, nondisplaced, simple, compound (linear and noncomminuted) isolated unilateral angle fractures with or without occlusal derangement were included in this study. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The parameters assessed preoperatively and postoperatively were mouth opening, occlusion, neurosensory deficit such as paresthesia, intraoperative time, stability of fragments, and access to the retromolar trigone which showed that the six-hole titanium miniplate was clinically useful in special clinical situations when compared to four-hole titanium miniplate. Conclusion: To conclude, six-hole titanium miniplate was clinically useful when compared to four-hole titanium miniplate in the following special clinical situations such as bone loss following extraction of third molar, no posterior occlusion and instability of fracture moderately displaced fracture needs more stability.

We have fabricated the PANI/SnO2 and PANI/SnO2/rGO ternary composites by facile one-step hydrothermal approach followed by polymerization method. The hybrid nanocomposites were scientifically investigated for their structural, morphological and elemental composition through XRD, TEM, EDAX, FTIR and EPR analysis. The tetragonal rutile phase with nanospherical morphology sizes in the range of 25–35 nm was investigated by XRD and TEM results. The N2 adsorption–desorption measurement showed that ternary PANI/SnO2/rGO composite showed huge specific surface area (114.51 m2/g) and pore size (17–21 nm), which is higher than the bare SnO2 (surface area = 83.51 m2/g; pore size = 33–37 nm). The chemiresistive-type gas sensor was fabricated and the designed sensors were investigated by their sensing responses towards different gases (ethanol, methanol, carbon monoxide, oxygen, H2S and NH3). The results exposed that the ternary PANI/SnO2/rGO showed high sensing response (56%), fast response (35 s) and recovery time (40 s) towards H2S gas than other gases. The improved gas-sensing mechanism was also proposed.

In this work, the leave extracts of Calotropis gigantean, Eucalyptus globulus and buds of Syzygium aromaticum were prepared and coated on natural fibers based bamboo gauze fabric for wound dressing...

The development and mechanical properties of polymer composites are achieved by using the nanoclay and rice husk powder fillers reinforced in epoxy matrices. The composites were prepared by keeping weight fraction of matrix as 80% and varying the wt% of the reinforcements by using the hand layup technique. The results revealed that 12 wt% of rice husk and 2.5, 5.0 & 7.5 wt% of nanosized nanoclay filler-reinforced composites yield better mechanical properties.

This paper mainly focus on energy saving to reduce pollution using potentiometer method. There is a need to control the energy consumed by lamps in households and colleges in day time. A smart device based light intensity controlis done by using Arduino and potentiometer. According to consumer requirements they can change amount of light intensity by using simple potentiometer. Based on potentiometer set value and signal from zero crossing detector circuit Arduino receives the input signals and it generates a signal based on code given to it to the firing circuit of TRIAC to control the firing angle thus to control the voltage across lamp to get required brightness and it is simulated using proteus software. Proteus software is best tool to run Arduino based circuits in real time. Based on calculations energy consumption due to lightning units can be saved up to 10% by using this method.

BACKGROUND: Familial gigantiform cementoma is an autosomal dominant fibro-cement osseous lesion that causes massive expansion of facial skeleton. Patients with such massive lesions have a compromised quality of life. The main goal of treating such patients is to restore and preserve the jaw as far as possible which would enhance their quality of life. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the occurrence of gigantiform cementoma which had affected three generations of a family and also to focus on documentation of the clinical course and management. METHOD: Patients (one family—mother, grandmother, aunt and grandson) who had visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tamilnadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, over a period for their swelling in the maxillofacial region were clinically and radiographically evaluated and histopathologically diagnosed as familial gigantiform cementoma; later, they were surgically managed. RESULT: It is very rare to document three generations of this disease which had shown varied clinical presentation (asymptomatic slow growth, arrested growth and one case of aggressive growth). Management of these cases varied from observation to aggressive resection. CONCLUSION: Gigantiform cementoma follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with variable phenotypic expression without gender predilection. These cases require regular observation and intervention if necessary.

Accidents are undesirable, incidental and unexpected events that can be prevented if they are recognized and acted upon, prior to their occurrence. Driver drowsiness is one of the major causes of road accidents. A solution to this problem is inclusion of a drowsiness warning system in vehicles to warn the driver of drowsiness. The main objective of this paper is to develop a non-intrusive real-time drowsiness warning system by monitoring eye state of the driver. The proposed system uses eye-aspect-ratio and is implemented in Raspberry Pi. This system is optimized using three techniques, by re-sizing the frame to be processed, using a single eye for drowsy detection and by not processing every frame. The selection of frames is based on analyzing the redundancy nature of video frames. This system is designed by considering several factors to minimize frame processing latency to match with Raspberry Pi’s processing speed.

Memories of lifetime experiences, events and facts are thought to be acquired through part of the brain region termed hippocampus. These memories are very distinct when they form initially. However, in due course of time after their formation, these memories become less specific. This process of losing specificity and being able retrieve a memory at the presentation of cues that are related, though not necessarily the same as the one that was initially used, is termed generalisation. In this review, first we propose a modification to the categorisation of memories based on lifetime of memories and then proceed forward to introduce the idea of memory consolidation at various scales and their relevance to generalisation. We conclude by reviewing some of the recent pertinent methodologies and their basis in performing these studies.