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The production of green gasoline, jet, and diesel biofuels from waste greases was achieved using a novel hydrothermal, continuous‐flow catalytic process operating under supercritical water conditions, with recycled water the only added chemical. Thermally and chemically stable catalysts were explored to optimize yields of liquid biofuels and to minimize production of gases and acidic compounds. A 50:50 mixture of brown and yellow waste greases converted into 76.6 wt% liquid biocrude (BC); the remainder converted to water and gases. Less than 0.2% of the feedstock (FS) formed carbon char (mainly amongst catalyst particles). Various tubular reactors (Inconel, Hastelloy, titanium, stainless) showed no interior defects, erosion, or mass loss after runs. The titanium catalyst was fully recovered and regenerated back to its original potency. The BC was further refined into 28%, 48%, 20%, and 4 wt%, respectively for green gasoline, jet, diesel, and bunker. Biofuels were analyzed for compound class compositions and reaction mechanisms were proposed. Hundreds of identified fuel products (C3‐C35) from processing oleic acid as a pure model compound were identified. The neat green gasoline and diesel biofuels, along with a 50% green jet blend (with petroleum Jet A), were tested in appropriate spark ignition, turbine, and diesel engines at the University of Minnesota Engine Labs. The biofuels achieved 107.7%, 97.2%, and 101.3% engine power performance levels relative to petroleum fuels (91‐Octane, Jet A, #2 Diesel) along with lower CO and pollutant emissions. The biofuels complied with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) fuel specifications (D4814, D7566, D975) including mandated corrosion and low sulfur limits of all three biofuels. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine what is known about climate change health effects for gender diverse (GD) populations, and identify gaps in research, practice, education, and policy. Design/Methods: A scoping review was conducted. Findings: Twenty‐seven information sources met inclusion criteria. Natural disasters and inadequate disaster relief responses were identified as an overarching health threat for GD populations. Within this theme, four sub‐themes emerged. No other climate‐related health impacts for GD populations were mentioned in the sources reviewed. Conclusions: There are major gaps in knowledge about health implications of climate change for GD populations. Gender‐sensitive data must be collected in order to better understand these threats and detect disparities. Currently most practice and policy recommendations focus on disaster relief. More research on the broad effects of climate change on GD populations is urgently needed to inform practice and policy. Clinical relevance: Climate change amplifies existing risks of adverse health outcomes. Because of discrimination, stigma, and violence, gender diverse individuals are particularly vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysms can be either treated by an open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair or an endovascular repair. Comparing clinical predictors of outcomes and those which influence survival rates in the long term is important in determining the choice of treatment offered and the decision-making process with patients. Aims: To determine the influence of pre-existing clinical predictors and perioperative determinants on late survival of elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and endovascular repair at a tertiary hospital. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair from 1990 to 2013 were included. Data were collected from a prospectively acquired database and death data were gathered from the Queensland state death registry. Pre-existing risks and perioperative factors were assessed independently. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression modeling were performed. Results: During the study period, 1340 abdominal aortic aneurysms were repaired electively, of which 982 were open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. The average age was 72.4 years old and 81.7% were males. The cumulative percentage survival rates for open abdominal aortic aneurysms repair at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years were 79, 49, 31 and 22, respectively. The corresponding 5-, 10- and 15-year survival rates for endovascular repair were not significantly different at 75, 49 and 33%, respectively (P = 0.75). Predictors of reduced survival were advanced age, American Society of Anaesthesiology scores, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal impairment, bifurcated grafts, peripheral vascular disease and congestive heart failure. Conclusions: Open repair offers a good long-term treatment option for patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm and in our experience there is no significant difference in late survival between open abdominal aortic aneurysms repair and endovascular repair. Consideration of the factors identified in this study that predict reduced long-term survival for open abdominal aortic aneurysms repair and endovascular repair should be considered when deciding repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]