9 results on '"Jessica Ryan-Despraz"'
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2. Archery and the arm
- Author
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Jessica Ryan-Despraz
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Contributors
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Francisca Alves Cardoso, Christèle Baillif-Ducros, Meir M. Barak, William Berthon, Sarah-Louise Decrausaz, Lily J.D. DeMars, Ksenija Djukic, Christopher J. Dunmore, Matthew Fuka, Aaron Gasparik, Rebecca J. Gilmour, Cara Stella Hirst, Fotios Alexandros Karakostis, Natalie Laudicina, Timo van Leeuwen, Szu-Ching Lu, Liina Mansukoski, Lumila Paula Menéndez, Justyna J. Miszkiewicz, Kimberly A. Plomp, Tomos Proffitt, Jessica Ryan-Despraz, Sarah Schrader, Kimberleigh A. Tommy, Nicole Torres-Tamayo, and Suzy White
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Practice and Prestige: An Exploration of Neolithic Warfare, Bell Beaker Archery, and Social Stratification from an Anthropological Perspective
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Jessica, Ryan-Despraz, primary
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
5. The Application of Biomechanics and Bone Morphology to Interpret Specialized Activity and Social Stratification: the Case of Bell Beaker Archery
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Jessica Ryan-Despraz, Besse, Marie, Desideri, Jocelyne, and Villotte, Sébastien
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Biological anthropology ,European neolithic ,Bell Beaker ,L'anthropologie biologique ,Kinesiology ,La biomécanique humaine ,Le campaniforme-le néolithique en Europe ,Paleoanthropology ,Le tir à l'arc ,ddc:550 ,Entheseal changes ,Prehistoric warfare ,La paléoanthropologie ,Les changements d'enthèse ,La guerre préhistorique ,Human biomechanics ,Archery - Abstract
Cette recherche se focalise sur l'étude de 134 tombes individuelles de la culture campaniforme (3ème millénaire avant J.-C.) en Europe centrale. Certaines de ces tombes contiennent un contexte archéologique lié au tir à l'arc, ce qui soulève des questions sur le rôle de l'archerie, la guerre et la stratification sociale dans la vie quotidienne à la fin du Néolithique. Cette étude adopte une perspective archéologique qui explore ces concepts, et une perspective anthropologique qui augmente la probabilité d'identifier cette activité chez un individu. Les principaux résultats ne montrent pas d'association entre le contexte funéraire et un développement physique typique d'un archer théorique, ce qui indique que le mobilier funéraire des « archers » était plus social que pratique. Cela établit un lien entre les idéaux associés avec l'image du guerrier et un statut social important dans une communauté. Les résultats complémentaires identifient une probable différenciation du travail entre les classes sociales et démontrent le potentiel d'application des analyses anthropologiques., This research focuses on 134 individual tombs from the Bell Beaker period (3rd millennium BCE) in central Europe. Some of these tombs contain an archaeological context linked to archery, which raises questions concerning the role of archery, warfare, and social stratification during the end of the Neolithic. This study adopts an archaeological perspective aiming to explore these concepts further as well as an anthropological perspective looking to increase the probability of identifying specialized archery on the skeleton. The primary results show no association between the funerary context and the physical development expected from a theoretical archer profile, indicating that the grave goods were social rather than practical. This establishes a link between the ideals associated with warfare and an important social status within a community. Secondary results further identify a probable labor differentiation between social classes and demonstrate the promise of applying anthropological analyses to identifications of occupation and specialization., Die Glockenbecherkultur in Europa stellt einen Übergang zwischen dem Ende des Neolithikums und den frühen Metallzeitaltern in Europa und Nordafrika während desdritten Jahrtausends v. Chr. dar. Das Erscheinen des "Bogenschützenpakets" bei einigen der Einzelbestattungen ist besonders interessant, weil es Fragen des täglichen Lebens, der Kriegsführung und der sozialen Untergliederung der Gesellschaft während des Neolithikums behandelt. Um auf diese Fragen einzugehen wendet der erste Teil dieser Studie eine archäologische Perspektive an. Dabei wird der östliche Komplex der Glockenbecherkultur auf Basis von 134 Bestattungen in Mitteleuropa untersucht und die Kriegsführung als wahrscheinliche Interpretation für die Primärfunktion des Bogenschießens festgelegt. Ein letzter Bestandteil dieses Abschnitts befasst sich mitneolithischen Konzepten der Spezialisierung und sozialen Hierarchie, um die in den Glockenbechergesellschaften erkennbaren sozialen Strukturen zu untersuchen. Im nächsten Teil dieser Studie wird eine anthropologische Perspektive verfolgt, die auf die Kinesiologie, osteologische Beobachtungen und die Wissenschaft des Bogenschießens zurückgreift, um ein theoretisches Profil des Skeletts eines spezialisierten Bogenschützens zu erstellen. Dies erhöht die Wahrscheinlichkeit, spezialisierte Bogenschützenaktivitäten in einem Individuum zu identifizieren und die Kriterien für ihr Erscheinungsbild zu quantifizieren. Die primären Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung ergaben keinen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Bestattungskontext und der erwarteten körperlichen Entwicklung eines spezialisierten Bogenschützens. Damit liegt ein signifikanter Hinweis vor, dass die Grabbeigaben des "Bogenschützens" eher eine soziale als eine praktische Funktion hatten. In einem weiteren Sinne wird somit eine Verbindung zwischen den Idealen der Kriegsführung und hohen sozialen Positionen innerhalb einer Gemeinschaft hergestellt. Die sekundären Ergebnisse zeigen eine wahrscheinliche Arbeitsdifferenzierung zwischen den sozialen Klassen und zudem vielversprechende Resultate zur Anwendung anthropologischer Analysen zur Identifizierung von Beruf und Spezialisierung., Kultura zvoncovitých pohárů v Evropě reprezentuje přechod mezi koncem období neolitu a dobou bronzovou a začátkem doby železné v Evropě a severní Africe během třetího tisíciletí před naším letopočtem. Výskyt tzv. „lukostřeleckého balíčku“, konkrétně kamenných chráničů na zápěstí, v hrobech některých jedinců je obzvláště zajímavý, protože vyvolává otázky ohledně každodenního života, válčení a sociální stratifikace během období neolitu. S cílem pomoci řešit tyto otázky, se první část této studie zaměřuje na archeologickou perspektivu. Tato kapitola se zabývá kulturou zvoncovitých pohárů východního komplexu na základě studia 134 kosterních pozůstatků a interpretuje jako pravděpodobnou primární funkci lukostřelby válčení. Poslední sekce této části se dále zabývá neolitickými koncepty specializace a sociální hierarchie za účelem zkoumání sociálních struktur zjevných ve společnostech období zvoncovitých pohárů. Pochopení činností těchto jedinců vybízí k druhé oblasti výzkumu: antropologii. Další část této studie tedy implementuje antropologickou perspektivu, která využívá kineziologii, osteologická pozorování a teorii lukostřelby za účelem vytvoření teoretického profilu specializovaného skeletu lukostřelce. Zvyšuje se tak pravděpodobnost, že u jedince bude možné identifikovat specializovanou lukostřeleckou činnost a také kvantifikovat kritéria jejího výskytu. Primární výsledky tohoto výzkumu nenašly žádnou souvislost mezi pohřebním kontextem a očekávaným fyzickým vývojem specializovaného lukostřelce, což významně naznačuje, že pohřební objekty lukostřelců měly spíše společenskou než praktickou funkci. To naznačuje hierarchii v období zvoncovitých pohárů, v níž objekty s vazbami na válečnictví představovaly určitou úroveň prestiže jednotlivce. V širším smyslu to vytváří vazbu mezi ideály válčení a vysokými společenskými pozicemi uvnitř komunity. Sekundární výsledky dále identifikují pravděpodobnou pracovní diferenciaci mezi sociálními třídami a ukazují příslib uplatnění antropologických analýz při identifikaci povolání a specializace.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The Bell Beaker Culture in All Its Forms : Proceedings of the 22nd Meeting of ‘Archéologie Et Gobelets’ 2021 (Geneva, Switzerland)
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Claudine Abegg, Delia Carloni, Florian Cousseau, Eve Derenne, Jessica Ryan-Despraz, Claudine Abegg, Delia Carloni, Florian Cousseau, Eve Derenne, and Jessica Ryan-Despraz
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- Social sciences
- Abstract
The Bell Beaker Culture in All its Forms contains the proceedings of the 22nd meeting of the ‘Archéologie et Gobelets'Association which took place in Geneva, Switzerland in January 2021. The book is structured in three parts: Archaeological Material demonstrates how ceramics, lithics, wrist guards, and metal artifacts contribute to our understanding of the Bell Beaker Culture. Funerary Archaeology and Anthropology considers how the particular context of death and the human skeleton can be employed to gain information on Bell Beaker populations. The final section, Reconstructing Bell Beaker Society, builds upon archaeological evidence to discuss site interpretations as well as the wide-reaching topics of ritual, culture, and symbolism. With the publication of these proceedings, it is hoped that the conference interactions can facilitate future research and discussions on Bell Beaker societies and their roles within Neolithic Europe and beyond.
- Published
- 2022
7. Practice and Prestige: An Exploration of Neolithic Warfare, Bell Beaker Archery, and Social Stratification From an Anthropological Perspective
- Author
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Jessica Ryan-Despraz and Jessica Ryan-Despraz
- Subjects
- Human remains (Archaeology)--Europe, Bow and arrow--History, Bell beaker culture, Warfare, Prehistoric, Neolithic period--Europe
- Abstract
Practice and Prestige: An Exploration of Neolithic Warfare, Bell Beaker Archery, and Social Stratification from an Anthropological Perspective investigates the appearance of the ‘archer's package'in select Bell Beaker burials raising questions of daily life, warfare, and social stratification during the Neolithic period. It draws on a recent study by the author that applied an anthropological methodology to assess the bone morphology of these skeletons for signs of specialised archery activity. These analyses revealed results at both a population as well as an individual level. In order to contextualise these osteological findings, the book explores the evidence for warfare and archery throughout the Neolithic period in general and the Bell Beaker period in particular. This perspective considers warfare to be a primary function of archery, thereby associating ‘archer'burials with concepts of warfare and the warrior. A second perspective delves into prehistoric concepts of specialisation and social hierarchy in order to situate archers, archery, and warfare within potentially stratified populations. These two perspectives allow for the contextualisation of the anthropological results within a broad archaeological framework in which archers and archery were prominent parts of a complex Bell Beaker society.
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- 2022
8. Stone Bracers in Continental Western Europe. New Insights from Bell Beaker and Early Bronze Age Contexts
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Vitani, Julien, Bailly, Maxence, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Claudine Abegg, Délia Carloni, Florian Cousseau, Eve Derenne, Jessica Ryan-Despraz, Marie Besse, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Lithic ,Typology ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Metallurgy ,Methodology ,Wristguard ,Function ,Archery ,Copper - Abstract
International audience; This paper aims to collect and comment on up-to-date typological and contextual data for the study of items that are as problematic as they are emblematic of the Bell Beaker phenomenon: the so called ‘wrist-guards’ or stone bracers. The first stage presents the results, method and geographical distribution of a new critical inventory of continental Western Europe stone bracers (Netherlands, Luxemburg, Switzerland, France, Spain, Portugal). 186 stone bracers could be recognised while 79 items have been rejected as they do not meet the proposed criteria. The second step is a descriptive analysis of the recorded stone bracers’ typological features. These appear simple except in the most easterly regions where the typological pattern is richer. The third part deals with contextual reliability and relationships of the corpus. The vast majority of contexts are funerary; however, reliable assemblages are in a minority. Metallurgy and archery seem to be equally represented among associated grave goods, the former more particularly in the Iberian Peninsula and the latter in the Rhine basin. Both typological and contextual data can be compared to what occurs in Great Britain and Central Europe. Finally, chrono-cultural and functional issues remain unresolved and need further work.
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- 2021
9. Non-Destructive Analysis of a Beaker from Central Slovenia: Imported or Locally Produced Artefact?
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Elena Leghissa, Angelo De Min, Zsolt Kasztovszky, Veronika Szilágyi, Emanuela Montagnari, Federico Bernardini, AA.VV., Claudine Abegg, Delia Carloni, Florian Cousseau, Eve Derenne, Jessica Ryan-Despraz, with the support of Marie Besse, Leghissa, Elena, DE MIN, Angelo, Kasztovszky, Zsolt, Szilágyi, Veronika, Montagnari, Emanuela, and Bernardini, Federico
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Central Slovenia ,Late Copper Age ,Ljubljana culture ,Bell Beaker culture ,Non-destructive Analyses (PGAA and micro CT) - Abstract
During the mid-3rd millennium BC central Slovenia, north-eastern Italy and the eastern Adriatic coast developed similar cultural traditions in pottery production which have been ascribed to the so-called Ljubljana culture. Among the investigated sites of this period, the Deschmann’s pile dwellings near Ig, in the Ljubljansko barje in central Slovenia, in their younger phase of existence (c. 2600-2400 B.C.), are probably the most famous. As many scholars already pointed out, numerous finds attributed to the Ljubljana culture suggest a potential interaction between this culture and the Bell Beaker one: among them, ceramic vessels with a specific ornamentation technique (the so-called barbed-wire decoration), flint daggers, boar’s tusks, metal daggers and awls, and so on. Nevertheless, a small pear-shaped vessel from the Deschmann’s pile dwellings, decorated with a linear band incised motif reminiscent of the Bell Beaker metope decoration, is the only artefact of this type known from central Slovenia. Despite its similarity with the typical beakers of the Bell Beaker culture, no precise typological analogies have been found in the literature. For these reasons, technological and chemical analysis have been carried out on it and comparative pottery materials attributed to the Ljubljana Culture with the purpose to understand if such beaker was locally produced or imported to central Slovenia. Since thefinds from the Deschmann’s pile dwellings cannot be sampled for destructive analysis, we have adopted a non-destructive approach combining X-ray Computed Microtomography (microCT) and Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) to explore their average structural and compositional (elemental) features, respectively. The results obtained so far will be presented at the Conference.
- Published
- 2021
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