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Creating oxide interfaces with precise chemical specificity at the atomic layer level is desired for the engineering of quantum phases and electronic applications, but highly challenging, owing partially to the lack of in situ tools to monitor the chemical composition and completeness of the surface layer during growth. Here we report the in situ observation of atomic layer-by-layer inner potential variations by analysing the Kikuchi lines during epitaxial growth of strontium titanate, providing a powerful real-time technique to monitor and control the chemical composition during growth. A model combining the effects of mean inner potential and step edge density (roughness) reveals the underlying mechanism of the complex and previously not well-understood reflection high-energy electron diffraction oscillations observed in the shuttered growth of oxide films. General rules are proposed to guide the synthesis of atomically and chemically sharp oxide interfaces, opening up vast opportunities for the exploration of intriguing quantum phenomena at oxide interfaces.

Background: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is very common worldwide, and alcohol consumption is a notable contributing factor. Researches have shown that gut microbiota can be influenced by alcohol consumption and is an important mediator in regulating Th17 cell immunity. However, it is still unclear the exact mechanism by which alcohol exacerbates the CP/CPPS and the role of gut microbiota in this process., Method: We first constructed the most-commonly used animal model for CP/CPPS, the experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) model, through immunoassay. Based on this, mice were divided into EAP group and alcohol-consuming EAP group. By 16S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics analysis, differential gut microbiota and their metabolites between the two groups were identified. Subsequently, metabolomics detection targeting cholesterols was carried out to identify the exact difference in cholesterol. Furthermore, multiple methods such as flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the differentiation status of Th17 cells and severity of prostatitis treated with 27-hydroxycholesterol (the differential cholesterol) and its upstream regulatory factor-sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2). Lastly, fecal transplantation was conducted to preliminary study on whether alcohol intake exacerbates EAP in immune receptor mice., Results: Alcohol intake increased the proportion of Th17 cells and levels of related inflammatory factors. It also led to an altered gut bacterial richness and increased gut permeability. Further metabolomic analysis showed that there were significant differences in a variety of metabolites between EAP and alcohol-fed EAP mice. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that the pathways related to cholesterol synthesis and metabolism were significantly enriched, which was subsequently confirmed by detecting the expression of metabolic enzymes. By targeting cholesterol synthesis, 27-hydroxycholesterol was significantly increased in alcohol-fed EAP mice. Subsequent mechanistic research showed that supplementation with 27-hydroxycholesterol could aggravate EAP and promote Th17 cell differentiation both in vivo and in vitro, which is regulated by SREBP2. In addition, we observed that fecal transplantation from mice with alcohol intake aggravated EAP in immunized recipient mice fed a normal diet., Conclusion: Our study is the first to show that alcohol intake promotes Th17 cell differentiation and exacerbates EAP through microbiota-derived cholesterol biosynthesis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The transformation and implementation of clinical practice guidelines for integrated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) is crucial to the adoption of medical science and technological findings and is an important way for TCM to be made available to the world. First, clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) of TCM and WM integration in recent years was analyzed to clarify the current situation and problems in the existing guidelines according to the following four perspectives: (1) perspective of TCM and WM integration in guidelines, (2) diagnosis Using integrated TCM and WM, (3) integration of TCM and WM treatment, (4) promoting TCM and WM integration. Secondly, the information and quality evaluation of CPGs for integrated Chinese and Western medicine in 2020-2022 were analyzed to explore the degree and methods of integration of Chinese and Western medicine guidelines. And last this study aimed to lay a foundation for the further establishment of Chinese characteristic, repeatable, and calculable clinical practice guidelines of TCM and WM integration., (© 2023. The Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To explore the efficacy and survival of venetoclax based (VEN-based) regimen in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia（AML）., Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in patients who received VEN-based regimen and completed at least 1 course of efficacy evaluation at the The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from July 2019 to July 2022. The incidence of complete remission （CR）/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery （CRi） rate, objective remission rate（ORR） and survival of patients with different risk strati- fication and gene subtypes were analyzed., Results: A total of 79 patients were enrolled, including 43 patients with newly diagnosed unfit AML （unfit AML） and 36 relapsed/refractory AML (R/R AML). The median age of the patients was 62(14-83) years old. 36 out of 79 patients achieved CR/CRi and the ORR of the whole cohort was 64.6%. The CR/CRi rate of unfit AML patients was significantly higher than that of R/R AML patients (60.5% vs 27.8%, P =0.004). In unfit AML cohort, the patients with NPM1 and IDH1/2 mutations were benefited, 8 out of 9 patients ahcieved CR/CRi, 7/8 and 5/8 patients achieved minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity, respectively. Six out of 9 patients with TET2 mutation achieved CR/CRi, 3/6 patients achieved MRD negativity. In R/R AML cohort, 2 out of 3 patients with RUNX1 mutation achieved CR/CRi, without MRD negative, while the CR/CRi rate of patients with other gene mutations was lower than 40%. The median follow-up time was 10.1(95% CI : 8.6-11.6) months. In whole cohort, the median overall survival (mOS) time was 9.1 months and the relapse free survival (RFS) time was not reached. The mOS and RFS of unfit AML patients were significantly longer than those of R/R AML patients (14.1 vs 6.8 months, P =0.013; not reached vs 3.3 months, P =0.000). In unfit AML cohort, the mOS of patients with NPM1 or IDH1/2 mutations was not reached, while that of patients without NPM1 or IDH1/2 mutations was 8.0 months ( P =0.009; P =0.022). Furthermore, the mOS of patients with TP53 mutaion was significantly shorter than that of patients without TP53 mutation (5.2 vs 14.1 months， P =0.049). In R/R AML cohort, there was no significant difference in mOS between patients with mutation in each gene subtype and those without gene mutation (P>0.05). All patients had hematology adverse reactions, 91.1% patients had AE grade≥3. The most common non-hematology adverse reactions was infection, with an incidence of 91.1%. VEN-based regimen was tolerable for AML patients., Conclusion: VEN-based regimen can achieve a high response rate, especially in unfit AML with acceptable safety, and some patients can achieve MRD negative. It is also effective in NPM1 -, IDH1/2 -positive patients with long survival time.

Background: To investigate the relationship between intimal thickness on ultrasonography and long-term patency of arteriovenous fistula restenosis after cutting balloon and high pressure balloon angioplasty., Methods: We retrospectively compared the outcomes between cutting balloon angioplasty and high pressure balloon angioplasty in 149 patients with hemodialysis access restenosis. The relationship of intimal thickness and primary assisted patency of hemodialysis access on ultrasonography was investigated as the primary outcome, using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. The second outcomes included residual diameter, blood flow, and venous pressure of hemodialysis access before and after angiography and balloon diameter and inflation pressure., Results: Primary assisted patency in cutting balloon angioplasty was 90.6%, which was significantly (P = 0.001) more than that of 37.9% in high pressure balloon angioplasty during the 20-month follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards model screened significant factors including procedure type (high pressure or cutting, P = 0.004), inflation pressure (P = 0.013), preoperative intimal thickness (P = 0.009), and difference of intimal thickness (P = 0.029). Finally, procedure type (P = 0.012) and preoperative intimal thickness (P = 0.033) were identified for predicting primary assisted patency by multivariate Cox proportional hazards model., Conclusions: Compared to high pressure balloon angioplasty for treating patients with hemodialysis access restenosis, cutting balloon angioplasty had a better primary assisted patency. The increase of intimal thickness on ultrasonography after angiography was inversely correlated with primary assisted patency., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To analyze the efficacy and safety of flumatinib in the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)., Methods: The clinical data of 56 CML patients treated with flumatinib from January 2020 to December 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups: 35 new diagnosed CML patients treated with flumatinib (group A), 10 patients with imatinib/dasatinib intolerance (group B) and 11 patients with imatinib/dasatinib resistance (group C) switched to flumatinib treatment, respectively. The molecular response and adverse effects of flumatinib treatment were evaluated., Results: In group A, the early molecular response (EMR) at 3 months was 40.0%, and the major molecular response (MMR) at 6 and 12 months was 43.7% and 46.2%, respectively. In group B, the EMR was 50.0% at 3 months, and the MMR was 70.0% and 66.2% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Among evaluable patients, 6 cases in group B achieved molecular response of 4.5 (MR4.5) at 12 months after switching to flumatinib treatment. In group C, 3 cases who switched from imatinib resistance to flumatinib achieved MR4.5 at 12 months, but 2 cases who switched from dasatinib resistance to flumatinib failed. Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in EUTOS long-term survival (ELTS) scores for patients in the medium-risk/high-risk group compared with those in the low-risk group for 3-month EMR (18.8% vs 57.9%), 6-month MMR (15.4% vs 63.2%) and 12-month MR4.5 (15.4% vs 69.2%) ( P =0.036, P =0.012, P =0.015). The most common adverse effect in group A was thrombocytopenia, accounting for 54.5%, and 22.8% (8/35) patients discontinued the drug due to haematological adverse effects. Compared with patients who did not discontinue the drug or whose recovery time from discontinuation due to haematological toxicity was <1 month, patients whose recovery time from discontinuation was ≥1 month had a significantly worse 3-month EMR, 6-month MMR and 12-month MR4.5 ( P =0.028, P =0.021, P =0.002)., Conclusions: Flumatinib has better molecular response and tolerance in patients with primary, imatinib/dasatinib-intolerant or resistant CML. Medium-risk/high-risk in ELTS score and time to recovery from discontinuation due to haematological toxicity ≥1 month are important factors influencing achievement of better molecular response in flumatinib treatment.

Pulmonary aspergilloma (PA) is usually secondary to pulmonary cavities. The main purpose of PA treatment is to prevent life-threatening hemoptysis. Many patients cannot tolerate surgical resection, which is considered the preferred treatment. Oral or intravenous antifungal therapy is less effective because PA usually does not invade the blood vessels of the pulmonary cavity. In this case, arterial embolization, local injection with drugs, and radiation therapy can be considered. This article will summarized various non-surgical local treatments for PA (hemoptysis) to refer clinical decision-making.

Type I interferons (IFNs) are essential for anti-viral immunity, but often impair protective immune responses during bacterial infections. An important question is how type I IFNs are strongly induced during viral infections, and yet are appropriately restrained during bacterial infections. The Super susceptibility to tuberculosis 1 ( Sst1 ) locus in mice confers resistance to diverse bacterial infections. Here we provide evidence that Sp140 is a gene encoded within the Sst1 locus that represses type I IFN transcription during bacterial infections. We generated Sp140 -/- mice and found that they are susceptible to infection by Legionella pneumophila and Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Susceptibility of Sp140 -/- mice to bacterial infection was rescued by crosses to mice lacking the type I IFN receptor ( Ifnar -/- ). Our results implicate Sp140 as an important negative regulator of type I IFNs that is essential for resistance to bacterial infections., Competing Interests: DJ, KW, DK, SM, AL, VC, KC, MG, HD, AL, SN, DZ, IK, DP, KD No competing interests declared, RV consults for Ventus Therapeutics and is a Reviewing Editor for eLife, (© 2021, Ji et al.)

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of eltrombopag combined with immunosuppressive therapy in patients with aplastic anemia (AA) in China. Methods: We investigated and analyzed the clinical data of AA patients from 14 hematological treatment centers who were treated with oral eltrombopag for at least 3 mon. Results: We enrolled 56 AA patients, including 19 treatment-naïve patients and 37 IST-refractory patients. The median administration period for eltrombopag was 7 (3-31) months, and the median maximum stable dosage was 75 mg/d (50-150 mg/d) . The 3-month hematological response (HR) rate was 60%, and the complete response (CR) rate was 30% in 10 SAA patients who were treated with first-line eltrombopag and standard IST (ATG+CsA) . Eight of 9 eltrombopag and CsA ± androgen first-line treated SAA patients responded (8/9, 89%) and 4 (44%) gave CR. The overall HR and CR rates were 79% and 52.6%, respectively, among these 19 patients by the end of the follow-up period. Of the 19 AA patients who were refractory to CsA ± androgen, 11 achieved HR (57.9%) at 3 mon, and the best HR rate was 44% in standard IST (ATG+CsA) refractory 18 patients after eltrombopag treatment. Fifty-one percent of the patients experienced mild or moderate adverse events, and gastrointestinal discomfort was the most common adverse effect reported by the study subjects. Conclusion: Adding Eltrombopag in first-line IST can accelerate the acquisition and improve the quality of hematological responses in AA patients. AA with relatively more residual hematopoietic cells may be well treated with eltrombopag and non-ATG IST. Eltrombopag can be used as salvage therapy for CsA±androgen refractory patients. Eltrombopag was generally safe and well tolerated by AA patients in China.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Objective: By use of Meta analysis to compare efficacy, safety and compliance of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) on allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, CNKI Database, Wan Fang and Chinese Sci-tech Journal Database (from established time to May of 2018) were searched for trials about the AR treated by SCIT and SLIT. The relevant literatures were screened, and the randomized controlled studies were chosen. Nasal symptom scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, adverse reactions and compliance were used as the outcome indicators, and the methodological quality of the literatures was evaluated strictly. The extracted data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14 software. Results: A total of 20 randomized controlled studies were included, the overall quality of which was relatively high. No publication bias was found. There was no significant difference in nasal symptom scores, VAS scores and compliance between SCIT and SLIT ( SMD value was 0.03, 0.14, respectively, RR= 1.12; 95 %CI value was -0.17-0.23, -0.03-0.31, 0.92-1.35, respectively, all P> 0.05); SLIT group resulted in lower overall incidence of adverse reactions than that of SCIT group ( RR= 1.79, 95 %CI : 1.42-2.26, P< 0.05). Conclusion: Both SCIT and SLIT have similar eppecacy and compliance for treatment of AR, while adverse reactions are more frequently observed in SCIT.

The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis and is responsible for more human mortality than any other single pathogen 1 . Progression to active disease occurs in only a fraction of infected individuals and is predicted by an elevated type I interferon (IFN) response 2-7 . Whether or how IFNs mediate susceptibility to Mtb has been difficult to study due to a lack of suitable mouse models 6-11 . Here, we examined B6.Sst1 S congenic mice that carry the 'susceptible' allele of the Sst1 locus that results in exacerbated Mtb disease 12-14 . We found that enhanced production of type I IFNs was responsible for the susceptibility of B6.Sst1 S mice to Mtb. Type I IFNs affect the expression of hundreds of genes, several of which have previously been implicated in susceptibility to bacterial infections 6,7,15-18 . Nevertheless, we found that heterozygous deficiency in just a single IFN target gene, Il1rn, which encodes interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), is sufficient to reverse IFN-driven susceptibility to Mtb in B6.Sst1 S mice. In addition, antibody-mediated neutralization of IL-1Ra provided therapeutic benefit to Mtb-infected B6.Sst1 S mice. Our results illustrate the value of the B6.Sst1 S mouse to model IFN-driven susceptibility to Mtb, and demonstrate that IL-1Ra is an important mediator of type I IFN-driven susceptibility to Mtb infections in vivo.

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) restricts the intracellular replication of many pathogens, but the mechanism by which IFN-γ confers cell-intrinsic pathogen resistance remains unclear. For example, intracellular replication of the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila in macrophages is potently curtailed by IFN-γ. However, consistent with prior studies, no individual genetic deficiency that we tested completely abolished IFN-γ-mediated control. Intriguingly, we observed that the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) partially rescued L. pneumophila replication in IFN-γ-treated macrophages. 2DG inhibits glycolysis and triggers the unfolded protein response, but unexpectedly, it appears these effects are not responsible for perturbing the antimicrobial activity of IFN-γ. Instead, we found that 2DG rescues bacterial replication by inhibiting the expression of two key antimicrobial factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1). Using immortalized and primary macrophages deficient in iNOS and IRG1, we confirmed that loss of both iNOS and IRG1, but not individual deficiency in either gene, partially reduced IFN-γ-mediated restriction of L. pneumophila Further, using a combinatorial CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis approach, we found that mutation of iNOS and IRG1 in combination with four other genes (CASP11, IRGM1, IRGM3, and NOX2) resulted in a total loss of L. pneumophila restriction by IFN-γ in primary bone marrow macrophages. Our study defines a complete set of cell-intrinsic factors required for IFN-γ-mediated restriction of an intracellular bacterial pathogen and highlights the combinatorial strategy used by hosts to block bacterial replication in macrophages. IMPORTANCE Legionella pneumophila is one example among many species of pathogenic bacteria that replicate within mammalian macrophages during infection. The immune signaling factor interferon gamma (IFN-γ) blocks L. pneumophila replication in macrophages and is an essential component of the immune response to L. pneumophila and other intracellular pathogens. However, to date, no study has identified the exact molecular factors induced by IFN-γ that are required for its activity. We generated macrophages lacking different combinations of IFN-γ-induced genes in an attempt to find a genetic background in which there is a complete loss of IFN-γ-mediated restriction of L. pneumophila We identified six genes that comprise the totality of the IFN-γ-dependent restriction of L. pneumophila replication in macrophages. Our results clarify the molecular basis underlying the potent effects of IFN-γ and highlight how redundancy downstream of IFN-γ is key to prevent exploitation of macrophages by pathogens., (Copyright © 2019 Price et al.)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells contribute to cancer progression and prognosis. However, regulatory factors associated with Tregs-Th17 balance were not completely understood. We previously demonstrated an immune-modulatory capacity by Notch signaling inactivation to reverse Tregs-Th17 disequilibrium in chronic hepatitis C. Thus, the aim of current study was to assess the role of Notch signaling in modulation Tregs and Th17 cells function in gastric cancer (GC) patients. A total of 51 GC patients and 18 normal controls (NCs) were enrolled. Notch1 and Notch2 mRNA expressions were semiquantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tregs/Th17 percentages, transcriptional factors, and cytokines production were investigated in response to the stimulation of Notch signaling inhibitor DAPT. Both Notch1 and Notch2 mRNA expressions were elevated in GC tissues and peripheral bloods in GC patients. CD4 + CD25 + CD127 dim/- Tregs and Th17 cells percentage was also elevated in GC patients compared with in NCs. DAPT treatment did not affect frequency of either circulating Tregs or Th17 cells, however, reduced FoxP3/RORγt mRNA expression and interleukin (IL)-35/IL-17 production in purified CD4 + T cells from GC patients. Moreover, blockade of Notch signaling also inhibited the suppressive function of purified CD4 + CD25 + CD127 dim/- Tregs from GC patients, which presented as elevation of cellular proliferation and IL-35 secretion. The current data further provided mechanism underlying Tregs-Th17 balance in GC patients. The link between Notch signaling and Th cells might lead to a new therapeutic target for GC patients., (© 2019 The Author(s).)

Background: Thoracolumbar spine (TLS) fractures are commonly associated with the young healthy population, with its risk factors including both high-energy traumas and neurological deficit. The underlying mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and TLS fractures have been explored. Therefore, our prospective study was conducted in order to explore the beneficial effects of TCM fumigation "Bone-healing Powder" method in both postoperative pain as well as the recovery of the patient's neurological function following healing from their traumatic TLS fractures., Methods: Patients dealing with traumatic TLS fractures were randomly assigned into both the control and the intervention groups based on whether or not they received prior TCM fumigation in addition to any and all conventional therapy. Imaging indexes, including height of the injured vertebra (%), Cobb angle (°), horizontal displacement (%), compression area (%), sagittal diameter (%), and degree of both the swelling and pain regarding the fractures were observed and recorded both before and after the treatment for proper progression documentation. The neurological function was evaluated according to American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification in order to investigate whether TCM fumigation "Bone-healing Powder" could affect the recovery of the patient's neurological function., Results: Following the treatment as well as 1 year after its completion, patients who received TCM fumigation presented a higher height of their previously injured vertebra (%) and sagittal diameter (%), while a lower Cobb angle (°), horizontal displacement (%), and compression area (%) than those who were part of the conventional therapy group. A week posttreatment, patients that received TCM fumigation also showed no signs of swelling or mild pain. One year following the treatment, patients receiving TCM fumigation demonstrated an improved neurological function., Conclusion: These findings help to indicate that TCM fumigation "Bone-healing Powder" reduces the degrees of postoperative pain and swelling, and effectively improves recovery of the neurological function of those patients with traumatic TLS fractures, proving its worth as a clinical method in treatment.

Although much insight has been gained into the mechanisms by which activation of the inflammasome can trigger pyroptosis in mammalian cells, the precise kinetics of the end stages of pyroptosis have not been well characterized. Using time-lapse fluorescent imaging to analyze the kinetics of pyroptosis in individual murine macrophages, we observed distinct stages of cell death and cell lysis. Our data demonstrate that cell membrane permeability resulting from gasdermin D pore formation is coincident with the cessation of cell movement, loss of mitochondrial activity, and cell swelling, events that can be uncoupled from cell lysis. We propose a model of pyroptosis in which cell death can occur independently of cell lysis. The uncoupling of cell death from cell lysis may allow for better control of cytosolic contents upon activation of the inflammasome., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) form a critical barrier against pathogen invasion. By generation of mice in which inflammasome expression is restricted to IECs, we describe a coordinated epithelium-intrinsic inflammasome response in vivo. This response was sufficient to protect against Salmonella tissue invasion and involved a previously reported IEC expulsion that was coordinated with lipid mediator and cytokine production and lytic IEC death. Excessive inflammasome activation in IECs was sufficient to result in diarrhea and pathology. Experiments with IEC organoids demonstrated that IEC expulsion did not require other cell types. IEC expulsion was accompanied by a major actin rearrangement in neighboring cells that maintained epithelium integrity but did not absolutely require Caspase-1 or Gasdermin D. Analysis of Casp1 -/- Casp8 -/- mice revealed a functional Caspase-8 inflammasome in vivo. Thus, a coordinated IEC-intrinsic, Caspase-1 and -8 inflammasome response plays a key role in intestinal immune defense and pathology., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In clinical settings, cerebral infarct is a common disease of older adults, which usually increases the risk of cognitive impairment. This study aims to assess the quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) as a predictive biomarker for the development of cognitive impairment, post-cerebral infarcts, in subjects from the Department of Neurology. They underwent biennial EEG recording. Cerebral infarct subjects, with follow-up cognitive evaluation, were analyzed for qEEG measures of background rhythm frequency (BRF) and relative δ, θ, α, and β band power. The relationship between cognitive impairment and qEEG, and other possible predictors, was assessed by Cox regression. The results showed that the risk hazard of developing cognitive impairment was 14 times higher for those with low BRF than for those with high BRF (P < .001). Hazard ratio (HR) was also significant for more than median θ band power (HR = 5, P = .002) compared with less than median θ band power. The HRs for δ, α, and β bands were equal to the baseline demographic, and clinical characteristics were not significantly different. In conclusion, qEEG measures of BRF, and relative power in θ band, are potential predictive biomarkers for cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral infarcts. These biomarkers might be valuable in early prediction of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral infarcts., (© EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society (ECNS) 2014.)