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In order to explore the anisotropic permeability of raw coal under low stress, taking the coal samples of Zhangcun Coal Mine, Tingnan Coal Mine and Xinjing Coal Mine as the research objects, using the improved triaxial seepage test device, the permeability tests under constant confining pressure and variable pore pressure along the direction of coal sample face cleat, butt cleat and vertical bedding were carried out. The results show that under the same confining pressure and axial pressure, the flow through the coal sample increases with the increase of osmotic pressure difference. Under the same osmotic pressure difference, the flow is closely related to the direction of seepage. The permeability in the face cleat direction is slightly larger than that in the butt cleat direction and much larger than that in the vertical bedding direction under the same average pore pressure. There is little difference in permeability between face cleat and butt cleat under low stress. It is not accident that the permeability in parallel bedding plane is similar, and the permeability of coal has the characteristics of transverse isotropy. The increase of coal stress is the main reason for the difference of permeability between butt cleat and face cleat.

In order to describe the permeability evolution law in the coupling process of anisotropic coal seam and gas, based on the assumption that the coal structure is orthogonal anisotropic, the orthogonal anisotropic permeability model was established by using the superposition relationship of coal deformation under the adsorption effect, and the gas solid coupling model considering the orthogonal anisotropic characteristics of coal was further deduced. The model was used to analyze the law of permeability under different adsorption pressures of Ⅱ1 coal seam in Jiulishan Mine and the influence of borehole dip angle of 4# coal seam in Tingnan Mine on pumping effect. The results show that under the same confining pressure, the permeability of face cleat, butt cleat and vertical bedding decreases gradually with the increase of gas pressure, which is consistent with the experimental results. The average relative errors of permeability simulation results and test results in the directions of surface cleat, butt cleat and vertical bedding are 2.55 %, 14.19 % and 4.26 %, respectively. The gas drainage volume increases with the increase of borehole dip angle. In the design of borehole drainage, increasing the angle between borehole and coal seam bedding plane can improve the gas drainage volume.

In order to verify that the deformation of coal body is the superposition of coal matrix adsorption expansion (desorption shrinkage) deformation and effective stress deformation, based on the mechanism of adsorption swelling deformation, the verification method of superposition relationship of coal deformation under adsorption was proposed. The superposition relationship of coal deformation under adsorption is verified by using this method combined with experimental data. The results showed that the average relative error of theoretical value and experimental value proportion coefficient of isothermal adsorption experiment of anthracite, lean coal and 1/3 coking coal is 4.27%. The deformation of coal body, the adsorption expansion deformation of coal matrix and the deformation of coal body under the effective stress are in accordance with the superposition relationship. Through discussion, it is concluded that the verification method of superposition relation of coal deformation is suitable for reversible deformation and residual deformation of desorption curve, but not for rich deformation.

Objective To screen synaptic regulatory genes in the inner ear and explore the mechanism of synaptic damage in presbycusis. Methods We examined the mRNA expression of the genes in the basilar membrane of the inner ear of adult (4-week-old) mice and aged (40-week-old) mice using transcriptome sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed to identify synaptic regulatory DEGs, and the results were verified using real-time quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Results We identified a total of 3 267 DEGs, including 1 521 down-regulated genes and 1 746 up-regulated genes (FC≥1.5, P < 0.05). GO function enrichment analysis showed that the down-regulated DEGs mainly participated in the regulation of voltage-gated cation channel activity and synaptic function, and the up-regulated DEGs were mostly responsible for regulation of immune functions. We screened 64 synaptic regulatory genes, among which 6 down-regulated potassium channel genes (Kcnq2, Kcnk3, Kcnmb4, Kcnk9, Kcnh5, and Kcnc2) had the highest enrichment. qRT-PCR verified the differential expression of the 6 genes in the inner ear of mice at different ages; immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that the expression of KCNQ2 and KCNMB4 were significantly decreased in the inner ear of aged mice. Conclusion Among the synaptic regulatory genes screened in mice with presbycusis, 6 potassium channel genes show significantly decreased expressions in the inner ear of aged mice, suggesting their important involvement in synaptic changes in presbycusis.

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of the terahertz system in differentiating hypopharyngeal cancer from normal tissue and its role in determining the pathological incised margin of hypopharyngeal cancer. Method: The transplantation model of hypopharyngeal cancer in 5-week-old male BALB/c nude mice were established by subcutaneous injection. The obtained transplanted tumor specimens were pathologically diagnosed to determine the extent of tumor tissue. Tumor tissue, normal tissue and paracellular tissue of transplantation tumor were scanned by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The differential spectral data were obtained through the detection of frozen tissue sections and paraffin tissue sections, respectively. The results were compared by t -test. Result: The tarahertz absorption coefficient of tumor tissues was higher than that of normal tissues, and the difference was statistically significant when the detection frequency was greater than 0.48 THz in frozen sections（ P <0.05）. In the paraffin sections, the difference was statistically significant within the effective spectrum range of 0.2-1.6 THz（ P <0.01）. The difference of refractive index between tumor tissue and normal tissue was significant in specimens treated in two ways（ P <0.01）. The absorption coefficient of adjacent tissue felt between that of normal tissue and tumor tissue. Conclusion: Terahertz technology can distinguish tumor tissues and normal tissues accurately, and can detect the spectral changes in adjacent tissues sensitively. Therefore, terahertz technology may become another tool for the judgment of pathologic margin., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To investigate the effects of combined inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the enhancement of chemosensitivity of the model of human laryngeal squamous cacinoma in nude mice., Method: Model nude mice were divided into six groups randomly: control group(A) , cisplatin group(B) , cisplatin and AG490 group(C) , cisplatin and HIF-1α⁻/⁻ group (D), cisplatin combined AG490 and HIF-1α⁻/⁻ group (E), HIF-1α⁻/⁻ group (F) (only in calculating tumor inhibition rate). 3mg/kg cisplatin was administered by peritoneal injection for 3 days. Then cisplatin and 10 mg/kg AG490 were administered every other day for 12 days. The expression of Ki67 and HIF-1α was detected by immunocytochemical method. Western blot was used to detect the expression of p-STAT3., Result: The expression of HIF-1α in group C and group D were lower than that in group B, and there were significant difference respectively (t₁ = 2.782, t₂ = 3.873, P < 0.05); The expression of HIF-1α in group E was lower than that in group C and group D respectively, and there were significant difference respectively (t₁ = 6.140, t₂ = 3.667, P < 0.01). The expression level of p-STAT3 in group C was markedly lower compared with that in group B, and there were significant difference between them (t = 17.840, P < 0.01); There were no difference between the expression level of p-STAT3 in group D and that in group B (t = 0.038, P > 0.05); The expression level of p-STAT3 in group E was significantly lower compared with that in group C and group D respectively (P < 0.01). Tumor inhibition rate of group E was higher than that in group B, group C , as well as group D respectively and there were significant difference respectively (t₁ = 5.509, P < 0.01; t₂ = 3.422, P < 0.05; t₃ = 2.718, P < 0.05 ). Ki67 index of group E was lower than that in group B, group C as well as group D respectively and there were significant difference respectively(t₁ = 8.307, P < 0.01; t₂ = 3.736, P < 0.05; t₃ = 4.524, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Combined inhibition of STAT3 and HIF-1α could enhance chemo-sensitivity in the model of human laryngeal squamous cacinoma in nude mice.