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Objective To investigate the effects of esketamine on respiration, complications and acute phase inflammatory factors in patients undergoing single-port thoracoscopic surgery under general anesthesia with preserved spontaneous respiration. Methods Ninety patients, aged 16 ~ 74 years, BMI 18 ~ 28 kg/m2, ASA physical status ? or ?, who were scheduled to undergo single-port thoracoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were selected. Patients were randomly divided into two groups by random number table: esketamine group (group E, n = 45) and control group (group C, n = 45) . Esketamine 0.5 mg/kg was given for induction of anesthesia, and 0.25 mg/kg again before cutting skin. In group C, sufentanilwas given at 0.15 μg/kg for induction of anesthesia. Other anesthesia induction and maintenance durgs in both groups were the same.Sp02, PaCO2 and PaO2 were recorded at the patient's entrance (T0), before pleuraopening (T1), 15 min after pleuraopening (T2), 30 min after pleuraopening (T3), and beforelaryngeal mask removal (T4) . 3 mL of blood was extracted from themedian cubital vein at T0 and 24 h after surgery (T5) to detect the concentrations of TNF- α and IL-6. The length of spontaneous respiration recovery and laryngeal mask removal, the number of respiratory intervention, the incidence of body movement during operation, nausea, vomiting, psychiatric symptom, awareness, the length of hospital stay was recorded. Results Compared with group C, PaO2 was significantly decreased and PaCO2 was significantly increased in group E at T1, PaO2 was significantly increased and PaCO2 was significantly decreased at T2 (P < 0.01). Compared with group C, the length of spontaneous respiration recovery was significantly shortened and the number of respiratory intervention was significantly decreased in group E (P < 0.01). Compared with group C, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in venous blood in group E at T5 was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). There were no significant difference in the length of laryngeal mask removal, and the incidenceofcomplications,hospitalstay between the two groups. Conclusion Esketamine reducesintraoperative respiratory depression, shortens spontaneous respiration recovery, maintains respiratory stability and reduces acute inflammatory response in patients under general anesthesia with preserved spontaneous respiration for single-port thoracoscopic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Chronic pain is a significant public health problem with a lack of safe and effective analgesics. The imidazoline I2 receptor (I2R) is a promising analgesic target, but the neuroanatomical structures involved in mediating I2R‐associated behaviors are unknown. I2Rs are enriched in the arcuate nucleus, dorsal raphe (DR), interpeduncular nucleus, lateral mammillary body, medial habenula, nucleus accumbens (NAc) and paraventricular nucleus; thus, this study investigated the antinociceptive and hypothermic effects of microinjections of the I2R agonist 2‐(2‐benzofuranyl)‐2‐imidazoline hydrochloride (2‐BFI). In rats, intra‐DR microinjections produced antinociception in complete Freund's adjuvant‐ and chronic constriction injury‐induced pain models. Intra‐NAc microinjections produced antinociception and increased noxious stimulus‐associated side time in a place escape/avoidance paradigm. Intra‐NAc pretreatment with the I2R antagonist idazoxan but not the D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 or the D2 receptor antagonist raclopride attenuated intra‐NAc 2‐BFI‐induced antinociception. Intra‐NAc idazoxan did not attenuate systemically administered 2‐BFI‐induced antinociception. Microinjections into the other regions did not produce antinociception, and in none of the regions produced hypothermia. These data suggest that I2R activation in some but not all I2R‐enriched brain regions is sufficient to produce antinociception and supports the theory that different I2R‐associated effects are mediated via distinct receptor populations, which may in turn be distributed differentially throughout the CNS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We utilized bibliometric and data visualization techniques to discern the primary research domains and emerging frontiers in the field of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN)., Methods: We systematically searched the Web of Science database for AHN-related articles published between 2004 and 2023. The retrieved articles were filtered based on publication types (articles and reviews) and language (English). We employed CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the online bibliometric platform (bibliometric.com) to visualize and analyze the collected data., Results: In total, 1,590 AHN-related publications were discovered, exhibiting a steady increase in yearly publications over time. The United States emerged as the leading contributor in AHN research in terms of both publication quantity and national influence. Among all research institutions in the field of AHN, the University of California System exhibited the highest impact. Kempermann, Gerd was the most active author. The publications of the top three active authors primarily focused on the functions of AHN, and reversing hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment by improving AHN. An analysis of reference co-citation clustering revealed 8 distinct research clusters, and the notable ones included "adult hippocampal neurogenesis," "neurogenesis," "hippocampus," "dentate gyrus," "neural stem cell," and "depression." Additionally, a burst keyword detection indicated that 'anxiety' is a current research hotspot in the field of AHN., Conclusion: This in-depth bibliographic assessment of AHN offers a deeper insight into the present research hotspots in the field. The association between AHN and cognitive diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and anxiety, has emerged as a prominent research hotspot., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Liu, Zhang, Gu and Jia.)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) for alleviating postoperative cough in lung cancer patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery., Methods: A total of 110 patients with lung cancer undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were randomly divided into a TEAS group (55 cases, 2 cases dropped out) and a sham-TEAS group (55 cases, 4 cases dropped out). In the TEAS group, TEAS was delivered 30 min before anesthesia and on day 1 to day 4 after operation separately, with disperse-dense wave, in frequence of 2 Hz/100 Hz. The acupoints included Feishu (BL 13), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Hegu (LI 4), Lieque (LU 7) and Taixi (KI 3) on the both sides. In the sham-TEAS group, at the same time points and same acupoints as the TEAS group, the electrode pads were attached to the acupoints, but without electric stimulation. The interventions were given 30 min each time, once daily in the two groups. The incidence of cough and the scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) for cough on the first day (T 1 ), the third day (T 2 ), the fifth day (T 3 ), 1 month (T 4 ) and 3 months (T 5 ) after operation, as well as the scores of the Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ) on T 4 and T 5 were compared between the two groups; the contents of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected before surgery (T 0 ) and at T 1 , T 2 and T 3 . The first flatus time, the first defecation time, the first ambulation time, the postoperative hospital day and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were compared between the two groups., Results: Compared with the sham-TEAS group, the cough incidence at T 3 and cough VAS scores at T 1 to T 5 were lower in the TEAS group ( P <0.05, P <0.01), and the LCQ scores at T 4 and T 5 were higher ( P <0.05). The serum contents of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-αat T 1 to T 3 in the TEAS group were lower than those of the sham-TEAS group ( P <0.01). The first flatus time, the first defecation time and the first ambulation time were earlier ( P <0.05, P <0.01); and the postoperative hospital day was shorter ( P <0.05) and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was lower ( P <0.05) in the TEAS group when compared with those of the sham-TEAS group., Conclusion: TEAS relieves cough in lung cancer patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, improves quality of life and promotes the early postoperative recovery.

Peripheral nerve injury-induced changes in gene transcription and translation in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) play a critical role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression. Here, we report that peripheral nerve injury caused by ligation of the fourth spinal nerve (SNL) led to a time-dependent increase in the expression in H19, an lncRNA, in the injured DRG. Microinjection of a specific H19 siRNA, but not negative control scrambled siRNA, into the injured DRG 4 days before SNL alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia on days 3 and 5 post-SNL. Additionally, DRG microinjection of the H19 siRNA on day 7 after SNL reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia on days 10 and 12 post-SNL. DRG microinjection of neither siRNA affected locomotor activity and acute basal responses to mechanical and thermal stimuli. Our findings suggest that H19 participates in the peripheral mechanism underlying the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. H19 may be a potential target for treatment of this disorder., Competing Interests: COMPETING FINANCIAL INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Chronic pain is a significant public health problem with a lack of safe and effective analgesics. The imidazoline I 2 receptor (I 2 R) is a promising analgesic target, but the neuroanatomical structures involved in mediating I 2 R-associated behaviors are unknown. I 2 Rs are enriched in the arcuate nucleus, dorsal raphe (DR), interpeduncular nucleus, lateral mammillary body, medial habenula, nucleus accumbens (NAc) and paraventricular nucleus; thus, this study investigated the antinociceptive and hypothermic effects of microinjections of the I 2 R agonist 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride (2-BFI). In rats, intra-DR microinjections produced antinociception in complete Freund's adjuvant- and chronic constriction injury-induced pain models. Intra-NAc microinjections produced antinociception and increased noxious stimulus-associated side time in a place escape/avoidance paradigm. Intra-NAc pretreatment with the I 2 R antagonist idazoxan but not the D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 or the D2 receptor antagonist raclopride attenuated intra-NAc 2-BFI-induced antinociception. Intra-NAc idazoxan did not attenuate systemically administered 2-BFI-induced antinociception. Microinjections into the other regions did not produce antinociception, and in none of the regions produced hypothermia. These data suggest that I 2 R activation in some but not all I 2 R-enriched brain regions is sufficient to produce antinociception and supports the theory that different I 2 R-associated effects are mediated via distinct receptor populations, which may in turn be distributed differentially throughout the CNS., (© 2018 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)