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This study focuses on the role of emotions in personnel selection and faking research. In particular, we posit that emotions are likely to be activated when applicants receive warning messages from organizations. Drawing on Nabi (Nabi, Communication Theory, 9, 1999, 292) cognitive-functional model of discrete negative emotions, we propose and empirically test the effects of three discrete negative emotions (guilt, fear, and anger) triggered by a warning message during a personality test on personality score accuracy and perceived test fairness. Participants in this within-subjects field experiment were 1,447 applicants for graduate school at a large public university in China. They completed two parallel forms of a personality test: one within a selection context, and another within a developmental context 6 months later as a baseline measure. In the selection context, a warning (or a control) message was randomly assigned to participants during the personality test. Emotions and perceived test fairness were measured after the test was completed. Results indicated that guilt, fear, and anger each played a unique role. Guilt explained how mid-test warnings improved personality score accuracy among fakers, whereas fear accounted for why nonfakers over-corrected their personality scores. Finally, anger explained why the mid-test warnings reduced perceived test fairness for both fakers and nonfakers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The present study explores the plausibility of measuring personality indirectly through an Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbot. This chatbot mines various textual features from users’ free text responses collected during an online conversation/interview, and then uses machine learning algorithms to infer personality scores. We comprehensively examine the psychometric properties of the machine-inferred personality scores, including reliability (internal consistency, split-half, and test-retest), factorial validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity. Participants were undergraduate students (n = 1,444) enrolled in a large southeastern public university in the U.S. who completed a self-report Big-Five personality measure (IPIP-300) and engaged with an AI chatbot for approximately 20 to 30 minutes. In a subsample (n = 407), we obtained participants’ cumulative grade point averages (GPAs) from the University Registrar and had their peers rate their college adjustment. In an additional sample (n = 61), we obtained test-retest data. Results indicated that machine-inferred personality scores (a) had overall acceptable reliability at both the domain and facet levels, (b) yielded a comparable factor structure to self-reported questionnaire-derived personality scores, (c) displayed good convergent validity but relatively poor discriminant validity (averaged convergent correlations = .48 vs. averaged machine-score correlations = .35 in the test sample), (d) showed low criterion-related validity, and (e) exhibited incremental validity over self-reported questionnaire-derived personality scores in some analyses. In addition, there was strong evidence for cross-sample generalizability of psychometric properties of machine scores. Theoretical implications, future research directions, and practical considerations are discussed.

Point load strength test is one of the indirect methods to estimate the uniaxial compressive strength of rocks. Due to its ease of sample preparation, low cost, and simple testing, it has been widely used in rock engineering in the world. The common calculation method of point load strength index is the method of equivalent core diameter of minimum cross-section, followed by the method of actual fracture section and loading distance method. However, because there are different factors being considered in different methods, the point load strength indexes obtained from different formulas varies greatly, which will result in large errors when estimating the compressive strength of rocks. In this study, a large number of point load strength tests and uniaxial compression tests were carried out using four kinds of rock samples. Then, a series of statistical analyses were conducted based on the test data. The results indicated that the distance between two loading points and the width of actual fracture section played an important and non-negligible role for failure of rock specimens, but the effect of width of minimum cross-section of specimens could be ignored. Consequently, by combing the advantages of two traditional methods, a modified calculation method of PLSI was proposed. Finally, uniaxial compressive strength of four kinds of rocks estimated by different methods was compared. The results showed that the modified method had the least estimation error.

In this paper, we introduce the Hermitian completely positive (HCP) matrix, which has a Hermitian completely positive (HCP) decomposition with all real and imaginary parts of the decomposition vectors being nonnegative. Some properties of the Hermitian completely positive matrix are given. A semidefinite algorithm is also proposed for checking whether a Hermitian matrix is HCP or not. If a matrix is not HCP, a certificate for it can be obtained; if it is, an HCP decomposition can be obtained.

In this paper, we introduce the complex completely positive tensor, which has a symmetric complex decomposition with all real and imaginary parts of the decomposition vectors being non-negative. Some properties of the complex completely positive tensor are given. A semidefinite algorithm is also proposed for checking whether a complex tensor is complex completely positive or not. If a tensor is not complex completely positive, a certificate for it can be obtained; if it is complex completely positive, a complex completely positive decomposition can be obtained.

The Yangtze River delta region of China consumes a large amount of natural gas, but the current gas storage facilities of this region can provide only 19.6 × 108 m3 of natural gas for use, which will be far less than the required gas storage volume of 66.8 × 108 m3 in 2030. The reason is due to lacking suitable underground gas storage space. To meet the space demands of underground gas storage (UGS) in the Yangtze River Delta region, the feasibilities of UGS construction in salt formations including depth of mines, thickness of salt strata, distance to pipelines, and geologic safety of the salt mines are evaluated. The representative blocks of Huai’an salt mine and Fengxian salt mine are suggested as potential sites for UGS construction. To promote UGS construction operation quickly and economically, utilizing the existing caverns can be considered firstly. The evaluation indicates that the existing caverns can store about 12.91 × 108 m3 natural gas for UGS with a cavern utilization rate of 30%. To satisfy the space for residual gas storage, the idea of “integration of brine extraction and cavern utilization” is put forward; that is, salt mining enterprises carefully control the usability of newly increased cavern volume during brine extraction. The forecast shows that about 36.9% of the newly increased cavern volume is sufficient to meet the residual cavern demand of UGS to fulfill a gas store volume of 34.3 × 108 m3 in 2030 in the Yangtze River delta. This research provides an effective method to solve the space need for UGS in the Yangtze River delta; simultaneously, it also presents win–win cooperation for the utilization of abandoned caverns and energy storage.

Trust region method is one of the important methods for nonlinear equations. In this paper, we show that the modified trust region method converges globally under the Hölderian continuity of the Jacobian. The convergence order of the method is also given under the Hölderian error bound condition.

In this paper, we study the higher-degree tensor eigenvalue complementarity problem (HDTEiCP). We give an upper bound for the number of the higher-degree complementarity eigenvalues for the generic HDTEiCP. A semidefinite relaxation algorithm is proposed for computing all the higher-degree complementarity eigenvalues sequentially, as well as the corresponding eigenvectors, and the convergence of the algorithm is discussed. Some numerical results are also given.

In this paper, we study the convergence rate of the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method under the Holderian local error bound condition and the Holderian continuity of the Jacobian, which are more gene...

Combining the social capital theory and trait activation theory, we build a moderated mediation model to explain how and when sojourners’ proactive personality associates with their citizenship behaviors. Specifically, we argue that social adjustment works as the mediator via which proactive personality relates to citizenship behaviors. At the same time, cultural distance serves as a trait-relevant situational cue that activates the proactive personality of sojourners. Using the three-wave prospective design data and incorporating a sample of 167 international students studying at a southeastern U.S. University, we found that the conditional indirect effect of proactive personality on citizenship behavior through social adjustment was more positive under high, rather than low, levels of cultural distance.

The perception of being ostracized in a foreign country is a great obstacle that may lead to international students’ strain. The present study aimed to understand ostracism from the perspective of adult attachment. We proposed a moderated mediation model in which attachment anxiety was hypothesized as an antecedent of ostracism and as a moderator of the ostracism – strain links. Participants were 119 international students enrolled at a large public university in U.S. Results largely supported the model, which showed that the attachment anxiety exaggerate the harmful effects of perceived ostracism on depression and physical symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

In this paper, we study the completely positive (CP) tensor program, which is a linear optimization problem with the cone of CP tensors and some linear constraints. We reformulate it as a linear program over the cone of moments, then construct a hierarchy of semidefinite relaxations for solving it. We also discuss how to find a best CP approximation of a given tensor. Numerical experiments are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed methods.

A symmetric matrix \begin{document}$A$ \end{document} is completely positive (CP) if there exists an entrywise nonnegative matrix \begin{document}$V$ \end{document} such that \begin{document}$A = VV ^T$ \end{document} . A real symmetric matrix is called completely positive separable (CPS) if it can be written as a sum of rank-1 Kronecker products of completely positive matrices. This paper studies the CPS problem. A criterion is given to determine whether a given matrix is CPS, and a specific CPS decomposition is constructed if the matrix is CPS.

The Minxian tunnel is a key engineering of the Weiyuan-Wudu expressway that is excavated in layered jointed carbonaceous slate rock mass. During the construction process, the surrounding rocks of the tunnel encountered serious large deformations and failure, which brought about great difficulties to the safety and cost of the tunnel. In order to study the deformation and failure mechanism of the surrounding rocks, a physical model test was conducted, and integrated methods including strain gauges, a digital camera, and noncontact full-field digital imaging correlation technique were used to record the response information of the surrounding rocks. The evolution process of surrounding rocks failure was simulated successfully in the model test, and the deformation characteristics were basically consistent with the actual engineering. The modelling results show that concentrated stresses in the surrounding rocks were very uneven due to developed stratified and jointed rock mass structure. The maximum and minimum concentrated stresses appeared at the vault of the tunnel and left of inverted arc area, and concentration factors were 3.11 and 1.98, respectively. The main forms of surrounding rocks deformation and failure were large area spalling of surface, severe circumferential fractures, serious bending deformations of thin rock layers, and collapse of overlying strata. The maximum displacements occurred at left sidewall and right shoulder of the tunnel and the corresponding actual displacements were 460 mm to 500 mm. Caving and failure took place firstly at several key positions with maximum concentrated stresses or displacements and subsequently gave rise to massive collapse of surrounding rocks.

Unlike the traditional block amphiphilic polymersomes, we herein report a lipid-like amphiphilic polymer that self-assembles into photo-responsive polymersomes for drug delivery. The introduction of a quaternary ammonium moiety not only provides a hydrophilic segment of the polymersomes, but also enables electrostatic adsorption with folic acid, thus achieving the targeting of cancer cells with overexpression of folate receptor. Upon light irradiation, the photocleavage reaction of the o-nitrobenzyl moiety disintegrates polymersomes by changing the polymer structure from cationic amphiphilic state to zwitterionic hydrophilic state, thus realizing photo-triggered drug release. The data showed that anticancer drugs (doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX·HCl) can be loaded into the hydrophilic cavity of polymersomes and controllably released by photo-induced disintegration of polymersomes. Cellular assay showed that the active targeting of folic acid and photo-triggered release endowed the DOX-loaded polymersomes with a higher cytotoxicity to HeLa cells. Such cationic polymersomes provide a novel strategy for designing effective and intelligent drug carriers, and have potential application as a novel integrated platform for targeted drug delivery.

During the excavation of the Minxian tunnel, problems of large deformations of surrounding rocks and failure of support structures appeared frequently, which caused serious influences on construction safety and costs of the tunnel. Based on laboratory analysis of mineral composition and field investigations on deformation characteristics of the surrounding rocks, the large deformation mechanism of surrounding rocks of the tunnel was considered as water-absorbing swelling molecules of carbonaceous slate and stress-induced asymmetric structural deformations of the surrounding rocks. The structural deformations of surrounding rocks mainly include bending deformation, interlayer sliding, and crushing failure of local rock blocks. Then, a new constant resistance and yielding support technology based on the constant resistance and large deformation (CRLD) anchor cable was proposed to control large deformations of surrounding rocks. The field tests and deformation monitoring were carried out. The monitoring results showed that compared with original support measure, the surrounding rock deformations, stresses of primary supports, and permanent lining using new support technology decreased greatly. Among them, the maximum deformation of surrounding rock was only 73 mm. The effects of field application and results of deformation monitoring showed that the new support technology can effectively control large deformations of the surrounding rocks in the Minxian tunnel.

This paper proposes an algorithm for computing the maximum (or minimum) complementarity eigenvalues of tensors. We formulate this as proper polynomial optimization problems that can be efficiently ...

This study examined the beneficial role of social self-efficacy (SSE) in relation to the important workplace outcomes of job satisfaction and task performance. We proposed and tested a model in which social status functioned as a mediator of the above relationships. Participants were 172 employees from diverse industries in China, who self-reported their SSE and job satisfaction. Each participant had three coworkers who provided peer ratings of his or her social status and task performance. Results based on structural equation modeling indicated that SSE positively related to social status, which in turn positively related to both job satisfaction and task performance. Consistent with our prediction, social status was found to mediate the above relationships. Implications for career development practices were discussed.

A longitudinal field quasi-experiment was conducted to examine the effect of timing of delivery on a cross-cultural training program. Participants were 61 new international graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) enrolled in one of the two mandatory English class sections. The two class sessions were randomly assigned to either an early training condition, in which GTAs received the training two weeks into the fall semester, or a delayed training condition, in which GTAs received the identical training two months into the fall semester. It was hypothesized that the Delayed Group should benefit more from the training than the Early Group. A process model was proposed that specified the temporal order of various training outcomes. Results showed that the delayed training group reported higher utility perceptions immediately after the training and had better cross-cultural adjustment two years later than the early training group. A path analysis largely supported the hypothesized process model, yielding several significant indirect effects among various training outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

In this paper, we introduce the CP-nuclear value of a completely positive (CP) tensor and study its properties. A semidefinite relaxation algorithm is proposed for solving the minimal CP-nuclear-value tensor recovery. If a partial tensor is CP-recoverable, the algorithm can give a CP tensor recovery with the minimal CP-nuclear value, as well as a CP-nuclear decomposition of the recovered CP tensor. If it is not CP-recoverable, the algorithm can always give a certificate for that, when it is regular. Some numerical experiments are also presented.

We present the results of two studies utilizing the novel theoretical perspective of individual adaptability (I-ADAPT) theory in the study of cross-cultural adjustment. Study 1, implementing a two-wave prospective design and involving 156 international students, examined the relationships between I-ADAPT and cultural identification on cross-cultural adjustment. We found that I-ADAPT positively related to cross-cultural adjustment and that cultural identification mediated this relationship. Study 2, using a three-wave prospective design and involving 312 international students, extended Study 1 by including openness to experience as a control variable and perceived stress as an additional mediator. We confirmed the mediating roles of cultural identification and perceived stress between I-ADAPT and cross-cultural adjustment. Our results offer support for future research utilizing I-ADAPT theory in the study of international adjustment.

In this paper, we study how to compute all real solutions of the tensor complimentary problem, if there are finite many ones. We formulate the problem as a sequence of polynomial optimization probl...

This paper studies the tensor maximal correlation problem, which aims at optimizing correlations between sets of variables in many statistical applications. We reformulate the problem as an equivalent polynomial optimization problem, by adding the first order optimality condition to the constraints, then construct a hierarchy of semidefinite relaxations for solving it. The global maximizers of the problem can be detected by solving a finite number of such semidefinite relaxations. Numerical experiments show the efficiency of the proposed method.

Becoming assimilated into the social environment at an organization is critical and challenging to newcomers. The present study examined whether newcomers’ trait positive affectivity (PA) could predict social assimilation through proactive relationship building behaviors including general socializing, relationship building with boss, and networking. Participants in this three-wave survey study were 323 new employees in three organizations in China. Results based on structural equation modeling showed that newcomers’ trait PA at T1 (within 2 weeks postentry) was positively related to all three dimensions of relationship building behaviors at T2 (8 weeks postentry); however, only general socialization was found to mediate the relationships between PA and two social assimilation outcomes at T3 (14 weeks postentry), that is, social integration and affective organizational commitment. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

While the ensuing COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered individuals’ lives worldwide, it has been perhaps especially disruptive to the lives of sojourners as many have been unable to return h...

Engagement in behavioral parent training programs continues to be a barrier to service delivery. Parental readiness is an important construct for understanding parental engagement in parent training services, as these programs place a high level of action-oriented demands on caregivers. The present study examines the performance of one parental readiness measure, the Readiness, Efficacy, Attributions, Defensiveness, and Importance Scale—Short Form (READI-SF) in a community-based sample. Participants included 103 families of children ages three to seven recruited from an urban charter school. Mothers completed an abbreviated version of the READI as well as indices of child disruptive behavior and a second measure of parental readiness. The psychometric properties and factor structure of the READI-SF are explored as well as indices of reliability and validity. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor model of readiness to change, treatment readiness, and perceived importance of the problem. Analyses also supported the validity and clinical utility of the measure, as READI-SF scores were found to predict attendance at a one-time parenting group. Lastly, the study examines the relationship between parental readiness and child disruptive behavior. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

This paper studies tensor eigenvalue complementarity problems. Basic properties of standard and complementarity tensor eigenvalues are discussed. We formulate tensor eigenvalue complementarity problems as constrained polynomial optimization. When one tensor is strictly copositive, the complementarity eigenvalues can be computed by solving polynomial optimization with normalization by strict copositivity. When no tensor is strictly copositive, we formulate the tensor eigenvalue complementarity problem equivalently as polynomial optimization by a randomization process. The complementarity eigenvalues can be computed sequentially. The formulated polynomial optimization can be solved by Lasserre's hierarchy of semidefinite relaxations. We show that it has finite convergence for general tensors. Numerical experiments are presented to show the efficiency of proposed methods., Comment: 26 pages

Grapiglia et al. (2013) proved subspace properties for the Celis-Dennis-Tapia (CDT) problem. If a subspace with lower dimension is appropriately chosen to satisfy subspace properties, then one can solve the CDT problem in that subspace so that the computational cost can be reduced. We show how to find subspaces that satisfy subspace properties for the CDT problem, by using the eigendecomposition of the Hessian matrix of the objection function. The dimensions of the subspaces are investigated. We also apply the subspace technologies to the trust region subproblem and the quadratic optimization with two quadratic constraints.

In this paper, we study subspace properties of the quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP). We prove that, if an appropriate subspace is chosen to satisfy subspace properties, then the solution of the QCQP lies in that subspace. So, we can solve the QCQP in that subspace rather than solve it in the original space. The computational cost could be reduced significantly if the dimension of the subspace is much smaller. We also show how to construct such subspaces and investigate their dimensions.

The perception of being ostracized in a foreign country is a great obstacle that may lead to international students’ strain. The present study aimed to understand ostracism from the perspective of adult attachment. We proposed a moderated mediation model in which attachment anxiety was hypothesized as an antecedent of ostracism and as a moderator of the ostracism – strain links. Participants were 119 international students enrolled at a large public university in U.S. Results largely supported the model, which showed that the attachment anxiety exaggerate the harmful effects of perceived ostracism on depression and physical symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Researchers recently developed new mid-test warning faking-mitigation procedures to address the faking issue found in personality tests. The use of warning messages may unexpectedly make faking on personality tests a more cognitively loaded task, resulting in a positive relationship between personality scores and cognitive ability. The primary purpose of the present research is to investigate the effect of a mid-test warning on the personality-cognitive ability relationship. Graduate school applicants at a large public university in China (n = 2032) went through a test-warning-retest procedure. A true experimental design was used wherein each participant received a mid-test warning or a control message randomly. Results indicated that the mid-test warning significantly lowered personality scores over retesting, whereas the control message had little impact on applicants. The mid-test warning, however, did not induce positive and significant correlations between measures of personality and cognitive ability.

In this paper, we study convergence properties of the inexact Levenberg-Marquardt method under the Holderian local error bound condition and the Holderian continuity of the Jacobian. The formula of the convergence rates are given, which are functions with respect to the Levenberg-Marquardt parameter, the perturbation vector, as well as the orders of the Holderian local error bound and Holderian continuity of the Jacobian.

Warning messages delivered in the middle of a personality test (i.e., mid-test warnings) have emerged as a promising method to mitigate applicant faking in terms of lowering personality mean scores. However, little is known about whether mid-test warnings might also affect personality factor structure. The present study investigated this prominent issue through a field experiment. Participants were applicants for graduate programs at a large public university in China, who were instructed to complete an online Big-Five personality test as part of the selection procedure. During the personality test, three messages (control, mid-test warning with accusation, and mid-test warning without accusation) were randomly delivered to applicants. Our analysis focused on the ten personality subscales included in both the initial block (before the mid-test messages) and the main block (after the mid-test messages). Results indicated that (a) the control message did not lead to the violation of configural, metric, and scalar invariance, and (b) the two mid-test warnings did not result in the violation of configural and metric invariance but led to scalar non-invariance. These findings suggest that mid-test warnings reduce faking by lowering intercepts, but do not adversely affect the configural and metric aspects of personality factor structure.

A symmetric tensor, which has a symmetric nonnegative decomposition, is called a completely positive tensor. In this paper, we characterize the completely positive tensor as a truncated moment sequence, and transform the problem of checking whether a tensor is completely positive to checking whether its corresponding truncated moment sequence admits a representing measure, then present a semidefinite algorithm to solve it. If a tensor is not completely positive, a certificate for it can be obtained; if it is completely positive, a nonnegative decomposition can be obtained.