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Quantification of resistance to borer pest damage in sugarcane varieties is key to sustainable crop protection and integrate pest management. Here, were assessed resistance to damage caused by two species of borer in seedlings of 12 new sugarcane varieties. The results showed that there were differences in resistance among the varieties, where varieties YT60, GT31, GT29, LC05-136, and YT55 were classified as showing moderate resistance, YZ06-407, YZ05-51, ROC22, YZ05-49, YZ03-194, and FN38 were found to be susceptible, and FN39 and DZ03-83 were shown to be highly susceptible. This study established a method to assess sugarcane seedling resistance to borer species that could be used in future resistance evaluations of novel sugarcane varieties during the crop breeding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sugarcane borer is a type of pest that severely damages sugarcane. To explore and seek effective and environmentally friendly control technology for sugarcane borers, promote environmentally friendly control for sugarcane pests, new sex pheromone trap of sugarcane borers, Abamectin•Bacillus thuringiensis and Tebufenozide were selected and applied for control of Sesamia inferens Walker and Argyroploce schistaceana (Snellen). The results showed that new sex pheromone trap of sugarcane borers in combination with Abamectin•Bacillus thuringiensis or Tebufenozide were the optimum mode for environmentally friendly control techniques of Sesamia inferens Walker and Argyroploce schistaceana (Snellen). The use of new sex pheromone traps of sugarcane borers (6 a/ha) + 0.05% Abamectin•10 billion active gemma/g Bacillus thuringiensis WP (1800 g/ha) or new sex pheromone traps of sugarcane borers (6 a/ha) + 200g/L Tebufenozide SC (1500 mL/ha) were the best. The control effect of dead heart rate and bored stem rate could be more than 69.98% and 49.09%, respectively, and were superior to the control pesticide 3.6% Bisultap GR (90 kg/ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discussed and summarized the parasitic characters and the protection and utilization of 7 species of dominant natural enemies of sugarcane pests in Yunnan, China. Sugarcane pests are numerous and there are rich natural enemy resources in Yunnan sugarcane areas. There are more than 283 species of natural enemies against sugarcane pests in Yunnan, among which the dominant natural enemies with protection and utilization value and research significance include Trichograrrurui, Apantdes flavipes (Cameron) and Stumuopsis inferem Townsend parasitic: on sugarcane borers, Synonycfm grandis (Thunberg) , Lemtlia biplagiata ( Swartz) , Chilornenes sexnmaculata ( Fabricius) and Thiallela sp catching and feeding on Ceralovacima hunger a Zehntner, and Euborellia pallipes Shiraki preying on Saccharicocus sacchari (Cocherell) , Dysmicoccus bohinsis Kuw, Trochorhopalus hurneralis Chevrolat and Diocalruulra sp. There is also one fungal parasite, namely Becuweria bassiana, which is widely distributed in nature, and can parasitize in a variety of sugarcane pests including sugarcane borers, Exoloniha ser-ruhila (Gyllenhal) , Alissonolum impressicolle Arrow, T. hurneralis and Otidognathus rubriceps Chevrola. It has a natural parasitism rate generally around 10% and certain natural inhibition effect on sugircane pests. Reasonably protecting and utilizing natural enemies and giving full play to the natural regulation of natural enemies on pests are of great significance for protecting the ecological environment, maintaining the ecological balance of sugarcane fields, improving the comprehensive management level of pests, and protnoting the sustainable development of sugir industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane red rol caused by Colletotrichum falaitum Went is one of llie important fungal diseases causing significant losses to sugarcane production, commonly known as "cancer" of sugircane. It lias risen from a minor disease to a major disease, resulting in the death of sugarcane in Lineang, Menglian and Shi-ping sugarcane areas in Yunnan Province. Due to the frequent variation of lliis pathogen, it is difficult to control, the pesticide control effect is not ideal at present, and there is slill no elleclive and radical cure measures. The research on the variation of C. falaitum and sugarcane disease resistance is the only way to achieve the sustainable control of sugarcane disease. This paper mainly reviewed the genetic variation on the morphological, pathogenic and molecular variation of C. falcatum, and rapid molecular detection methods, and sugarcane disease resistance research in combination with the latest research al home and abroad. An outlook for further research on sugarcane red rol in the future was also given, to provide a theoretical basis for the research and control of sugarcane red rot in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the natural enemies of major sugarcane pests and their roles in natural control in sugarcane growing regions in Yunnan. In general, these natural enemies can be divided into two groups: parasites and predators. The dominant species include Apanteles flavipes (Cameron), Sturmiopsis inferens Townsend and Trichogramma sp., which parasitize the sugarcane borer; Synonycha grandis (Thunberg), Lemnia biplagiata (Swartz), Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) and Thiallela sp., which prey on Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner; and Euborellia pallipes Shiraki, Orius (Heterorius) minutus (Linnaeus) and Scymnus (Neopullus) hoffmanni Weise which preys on Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cocherell), Baliothrips serratus Kobus and Trochorhopalus humeralis Chevrolat. Protecting these natural enemies will encourage natural control of pest species while protecting the environment and maintaining ecological balance. Moreover, through enhanced comprehensive pest control, sustainable development of the sugar industry will be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed al the difficult problem of prevention and control of disastrous sugircane borers in low latitude plateau of China, this research systematically overcame the botlleneck of comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane bores after 10 years of collaIborative research, and formed a number of core product technologies, which promoted the green and high-quality development of the sugarcane industry and achieved llie following innovative results. In this study, the species, population structure and damage characteristics of disastrous sugarcane borers in low latitude plateau were clarified for the first time, which provided a scientific basis for the formulation of technology and application of comprehensive prevention and control. The monitoring technology system and early warning monitoring network were constructed for the monitoring of borer pojHilation in low latitude plateau sugarcane area, wliich realized the accurate monitoring of the population dynamics of sugan-ane bores and provided technical support for comprehensive prevention and control, the flight spraying technology by unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV) was developed for bores in the low latitude plateau cane area, and ii has been successfull) applied in a large area, therein opening up a new way of light, simple and efficienl for effeclive conlrol of borers. The scale application of lain]) trapping and sexual attracting to kill adult insects technology promoted the advancement of green control technology of bores. Integration was made to the comprehensive control techniques like UAV flight control, biological agents, physical and chemical inducement and control, and sexual attractant trapping in the low latitude plateau sugarcane area, and standardized technical regulations have been formulated, which significantly improved the overall prevention and control effect of large areas. The technologies for the comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane Infers have been popularized and applied in 8 major sugarcane producing states (cities) in low altitude plateau of Yunnan over llie years, which has controlled the damage and showed remarkable control effect. In 2017 -2018, the integrated conlrol technology was popularized and applied to a total of 2.78x105 hm2( 1.33x104 hm2 of LAV flight control) of area, which recovered a total of 3.666x106 t of sugarcrane losses, increasing 4. 69 x 10 t of sugar with the sales increase of 3.979 billion yuan, added profits of 1.251 billion yuan and the taxes increase of 188 million yuan. The research results show that the technology has high technical integration, strong practicability, high degree of transformation, significant economic:, sexual and ecological benefits, which provide technical supports for the sustainable development, loss reduction and efficiency increase of the sugarcane industry in the low-latitude plateau sugarcane region, and make significant contributions to the economic development of ethnic minorities in the border-stricken areas and the increase of farmers" income and poverty alleviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceracris kiangsu Tsai is one of the most widely distributed forest pest. C. kiangsu has migrated from Laos to China this year, with many migration peaks and large population numbers. The main sources of C. kiangsu were from abroad and a small number of native insect sources exist. Most of the immigration sources were from Laos, and a small part originated from Vietnam. The frontier region of Yunnan Province is suitable for the growth of C. kiangsu. It is speculated that the migration frequency of the C. kiangsu from abroad may increase in recent years. In this paper, the typical morphological characteristics, life history, biological characteristics and prevention and control measures of C. kiangsu were summarized. Based on the characteristics of C. kiangsu, and combining actual sugarcane production condition in Yunnan sugarcane areas, we put forward prevention and control strategies and measures. It is suggested that Yunnan Sugarcane areas should pay close attention to the occurrence of C. kiangsu in neighboring countries, monitor the C. kiangsu population dynamics and update pest forecast information in time, and detect and control C. kiangsu in the early period, in order to effectively prevent C. kiangsu and ensure the safety of sugarcane production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to select the long-acting, low toxic, low-risk and multi-functional new pesticides for the control of sugarcane borders and woolly aphids and precise and efficient application technology, the control effect of 10% monosultap • thiamethoxam granular formulation and 1% Bt • clothianidin granular formulation on sugarcane borders and woolly aphids were studied. The results showed that 10% monosultap • thiamethoxam GR and 1% Bt • clothianidin GR had good control effects on sugarcane borders and woolly aphids. They were ideal slow-release, long-acting, low toxic and multi-functional new pesticides used to control sugarcane borders and woolly aphids. They could be used alternately with other pesticides to delay the emergence and development of pest resistance to pesticides. The best dosage of the two pesticides in the field was 45 kg/hm2. They could be mixed with fertilizer (1 200 -1 800 kg/hm2), scattered in sugarcane ditches or at tlie base of sugarcane plant, and covered with soil or film from January to July. The control effect on dead heart seedlings damaged by borerr could be up to above 79.2%, and the control effect on sugarcane woolly aphids could reach more than 98.8%. In comparison with the control group, the actual yield and sugar content of sugarcane increased by above 41 555 kg/hm2 and 6. 5% respectively. The application of slow-release, long-acting, strong systemic and multi-functional new agents with fertilizer around roots is convenient, precise and efficient, labor-saving, time-saving and environmentally friendly, and is worthy of being widely applied in sugarcane areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on investigation and research, according to the current actual production of sugarcane, the occurrence dynamics and outbreak causes of important pests and diseases that seriously affect sugarcane production were summarized, and accurate and efficient green prevention and control technology was put forward according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of important pests and diseases, such a strengthening sugarcane introduction and quarantine, breeding and selecting varieties resistant to diseases and pests, promoting the use of detoxified healthy seedlings vigorously, applying lamp trapping technology on a large scale, scientifically guiding and promoting biological prevention and control technology, practically promoting the precise and efficient application of slow-release longacting and low toxic pesticides, strengthening field management, spraying pesticides in time at the early stage of a disease, and doing a good job of monitoring and emergency prevention and control of sudden pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane borers are the most common pests in Yunnan sugarcane areas, and their harm is the most serious presently. The damage caused by sugarcane borers has become the first important factor seriously influencing the sustainable and stable development of sugar industry in Yunnan. To scientifically and effectively prevent and control sugarcane borers to ensure the production safety of sugarcane, the characteristics of occurrence and damage of sugarcane borers in Yunnan sugarcane areas were systematically introduced, and corresponding comprehensive control measures and strategies were proposed according to the characteristics of its occurrence and damage and the actual production of sugarcane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the adjustment of agricultural structure, the change of planting system, the continuous cropping phenomenon and the abnormal climate and environment have provided favorable conditions for the spread, reproduction and survival of sugarcane pests. The pest species that are harmful to sugarcane have increased, which pose potential threats to sugar cane production. Therefore, the occurrence dynamics and control of 6 sugarcane pests with potential threats were studied in order to prospectively grasp the dynamics of sugarcane pests, scientifically and effectively prevent and control sugarcane pests, and ensure the safety of sugarcane production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loss of cane and sugar yield caused by the combined occurrence of Tetramoera schistaceana (Snellen) and Chilo sacchariphagus (Bojer) were measured in pesticide-treated and untreated areas during 2014-2016. The results indicated that the in untreated areas, percent dead-heart was 8.30% - 58.83%, the percent stalk injured was 26.73% - 96.67%, the percent internodes bored was 4.40% - 25.87%, and the effective stem number was reduced by 4440-21900 stalk/ha. Measured yield and sugar yield loss results showed cane yield was reduced by 5.32-44.53 T/ha; the yield loss percent was5.92% - 44.53%; the sugarcane juice yield decreased by 1.73% - 3.28%; the sucrose content reduced by 0.33% - 5.63%; sugarcane brix dropped by 0.70-6.36 BX; the fibre and reducing sugar increased by 0.22% - 0.98% and 0.11%-1.58%, respectively. It was confirmed that in majority of sugarcane fields in Yunnan, China, T. schistaceana and C. sacchariphagus cause severe reduction of sugarcane and sugar yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is necessary to rapidly diagnose diseases, identify and monitor the pathogens to achieve scientific and effective control of major diseases in sugarcane. In the present study, the molecular techniques for rapid detection of 13 pathogens that cause 10 important diseases of sugarcane including smut, rust, leaf scald, ratoon stunting, red stripe, mosaic, Fiji, yellow leaf, white leaf and baciiliform virus were established by Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences after years of effort. The results wiil provide scientific bais for effective diagnosis and control of sugarcane diseases, detection of virus-free seedling and quarantine management of exotic species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the study was conducted to explore and seek high-efficiency and safe green control techniques on sugarcane l>orers, promote green control of diseases and pests of sugarcane and build a resource-conserving, environmentally friendly and sustainable governance system of diseases and pests of sugarcane. A new sex pheromone trap of sugarcane l>orers, al>amectin . Bacillus ihuringierisis ( Bt) and lebufenozide were selected and applied in field trials. The use of the new sex pher-omone trap of sugarcane borers ( 6 traps/hm2) in combination with 0. 05% abamectin . 10 billion active gemmae/g B. tkuringiensis ( Bt) \VP (1.8 kg/hm2) or new sex pheromone trap of sugarcane borers ( 6 traps/hm2) in combination with 2(X) g/L lebufenozide SC (1.5 L/lun") were the best in the sugarcane production. New sex pheromone trap of sugarcane l>orers should l)e installed in early march, and biological agents were mixed with water 9(X) kg per hectare and sprayed evenly sugarcane plants at the beginning of April. Their control effects of dead heart rate and bored stalk rate could be more than 69.98% and 49. 09%, respectively, which were superior to that of the control pesticide 3. 6% bisultap (iH (90 kg/hm"). 'flie results showed that new sex pheromone trap of sugarcane borers in combination with abamectin . B. thuringiensis (Bt) or tebufenozide was the optimum mode of green control teclmiques on sugarcane borers. When it was alternately or coordinately used with oilier technology, it could delay the emergence and development of drug resistance, and it was worthy of widespread popularization and application in sugarcane area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smmith) is one of the major migratory pesls warned by the Fool and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Il has successfully invaded sugarcane and corn in Jinggu, Longchuan, Gengma, Menghai, Yingjiang, Lancang of Yunan Province, China. In view of the great variety of hosts, wide range of habitats and strong migration ability, S. Jhigiperda has the potential of causing catastrophic threats to sugircane production. In this paper, we made a systematic introduction to the morphological and biological cliaracteristies of S. jnigiperda, analyzed its occurrence situations and occurrence trends in Yunnan of China and other countries around the world, and proposed the control strategies and measures of ecological regulation and control, natural enemies protection and utilization, biological control, pesticide control and adults trapping based on the outbreak characteristics of S. Jhigiperda and the actual sugarcane production in low latitude plateau areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The antennal morphology and sensilla of small banana weevil, Polytus mellerborgi Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were examined. The antennae of P. mellerborgi were composed of eight antennomeres, a scape, pedicel and flagellum composed of six flagellomeres. The use of scanning electron microscopy facilitated the recognition of five different sensilla types on the antennae of P. mellerborgi, including sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica (with two subtypes: Sch1 and Sch2), sensilla basiconica and sensilla gemmiformia. These results provided necessary background information for our ongoing study on electrophysiology and chemical ecology of P. mellerborgi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess brown rust resistance in 60 new sugarcane varieties bred by the China Sugarcane System in recent years and in 34 major varieties cultivated in sugarcane growing areas in China. The resistance of these sugarcane varieties to brown rust was investigated in the field, and molecular markers were used to detect the brown rust-resistance gene Bru1. The results of the field survey showed that 66 (70.21%) of the 94 sugarcane varieties were highly resistant to moderately resistant, and 28 (29.79%) were susceptible to highly susceptible. The Bru1 gene was detected in 54 (57.45%) of the 94 sugarcane varieties. Seven highly resistant varieties and five resistant varieties did not carry Bru1, suggesting that they carry other genes associated with brown rust resistance. This study provides a scientific basis and identifies disease-resistant germplasm for selection of plants for sugarcane production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]