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The soils in tidal swamp land as new development area for rice in Indonesia have a considerably low available silica (Si) because very acid condition and no Si fertilization. Therefore, increasing the productivity of rice as Si accumulator plant, in tidal swamp land requires silica fertilizer. This research presented the effect of applications of silicon in the form of orthosilicic acid (H4SiO4) enriched with selected Sisolubilizing fungi, formulated as 4-gram tableted Si fertilizer (BioSilAc) on tidal swamp land soil to improve yield and reduce chemical fertilizer dosage for rice. Field experiment was conducted in Ketapang subdistrict, South Lampung by using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of (ha-1 season-1): 100% NPK recommended dosage (P1); 100% NPK + 80 BioSilAc tablets (P2); 75% NPK + 80 BioSilAc tablets (P3); 75% NPK + 100 BioSilAc tablets (P4); 50% NPK + 120 BioSilAc tablets (P5); and control (P6). The results showed that P2 treatment increased the highest rice yield in dried harvested grain by 7.6% or equivalent to 500 kg ha-1 compared to P1 treatment. The highest fertilization efficiency can be achieved in P4 treatment which means the NPK recommended dosage can be reduced 25% by adding 100 BioSilAc tablets ha-1 season-1 indicated by insignificantly different productivity compared to that of P1. The Revenue/Cost (R/C) values showed that P2 treatment was economically feasible fertilization practices.

Lahan kering masam memiliki karakteristik kandungan bahan organik dan nilai pH yang rendah. Budidaya pada lahan tersebut tidak dapat maksimal karena terdapat beberapa masalah seperti toksisitas aluminium dan atau ketersediaan fosfor (P) pada tanah yang rendah, serta cekaman kekeringan. Makalah ini menyajikan hasil kegiatan riset mengenai pengaruh aplikasi Bio-Nano-Silika dalam bentuk asam ortosilik (OSA) pada lahan kering masam untuk meningkatkan hasil panen, mengurangi dosis pupuk kimia, dan meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air (EPA) dari kedelai hitam yang tumbuh pada lahan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di daerah Natar, Lampung Selatan, dari bulan April hingga Juli 2018, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Bio-Nano OSA diaplikasikan sebanyak 4 L. ha-1, sedangkan pupuk tunggal N, P, dan K diberikan sebanyak 0, 50, 75, dan 100% dari tingkat yang direkomendasikan. Dosis pupuk NPK yang direkomendasikan adalah pupuk Urea 75 kg ha-1, SP36 100 kg ha-1, dan KCL 100 kg ha-1. Ukuran plot dari setiap perlakuan seluas 300 m2. Sebagai pembanding digunakan plot kontrol (100% dosis pupuk NPK) dan plot praktek standar petani (100% dosis pupuk NPK + 2 ton ha-1 bahan organik). Bio-Nano OSA dipersiapkan dari pasir kuarsa dengan metode ekstraksi larutam asam-basa dan mengandung 5% H4SiO4 dengan ukuran partikel 18 nm yang dikombinasikan dengan mikroba pelarut silika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Bio-Nano OSA pada 4 L ha-1 dengan 50-75% dosis pupuk NPK mampu meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan hara dan EPA serta produksi varietas kedelai hitam Detam-1 pada tanah Ultisol Natar.

Barus J, Meithasari D, Lumbanraja J, Sudarsono H, Hidayat KF, Dermiyati. 2021. Soil mesofauna amount and diversity by returning fresh and compost of crops biomass waste in ultisols in-situ. Biodiversitas 21: 92-98. Newly added organic matter to the soil often has no significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. However, the addition of organic matter greatly affects the abundance and diversity of living organisms in the soil, because the addition of organic matter is one of the sources of food. The aim of this research was to study the impact of returning crop biomass waste in fresh or compost forms on the abundance and diversity of soil mesofauna. Three types of crop biomass residues (i.e. maize stover, rice straw, and soybean stover) were used at doses of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 t ha-1. Mesofauna observations were carried out three times, namely at two weeks after biomass waste application (before planting rice), at eight weeks (there were rice plants in the soil), and at fourteen weeks (after rice harvest). The soil sample for mesofauna observation was dry extracted using a Berlese funnel set up, and to calculate and identified using a binocular microscope. The result showed that the number and diversity of mesofauna in the addition of compost was higher than that of fresh biomass waste. Increasing the dose of biomass waste has an effect on increasing the number and diversity of soil mesofauna. The presence of rice plants in the soil at the time of observation also affected the abundance of soil mesofauna.

Percobaan pengaruh pupuk N, P dan K terhadap pertumbuhan bibit lada perdu dilakukan di rumah atap Sub Balittro Natar dari bulan Mei sampai September 1993. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah bibit lada perdu berumur + 2 bulan dari varietas Belantung. Perlakuan-perlakuan yang diuji adalah; 1) tanpa pupuk (N0) 2) 0.225 g N/tanaman (N1), 3) 0.450 g/tanaman (N2), 4) 0.900 g/tanaman (N3), 5) 0.225 g N + 0.230 g P2O/tanaman (N3+P), 6) 0.450 g N + 0.230 g P2O/tanaman (N3+P) 7) 0.900 g N + 0.230 g P2O5/tanaman (N3+P), 8) 0.225 g N + 0.300 g K2O/tanaman (N1+K), 9) 0.450 g N + 0.300 g K2O/tanaman (N2+K), 10) 0.900 g N+0.300 g K2O/tanaman (N3+K), 11) 0.225 g N+0.230 g P2O3 + 0.399 g K2O/tanaman (N1+P+K) 12) 0.450 g N + 0.230 g P2O3 + 0.300 g K2O/tanaman (N3+P+K), 13) 0.900 g N + 0.230 g P2O5 + 0.300 g K2O/tanaman (N3+P+K). rancangan yang digunakan adalah Acak Lengkap dengan 2 ulangan dan 8 tanaman untuk setiap perlakuan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan pupuk P dan K disamping pupuk N dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetative tanaman lada. Kombinasi perlakuan pupuk yang memberikan pertumbuhan terbaik adalah 0.225 g N + 0.230 g P2O3 + 0.300 g K2O per tanaman.

Soybean is one of the major food commodities in Indonesia, but the production of soybean itself is still low in the last five years. As an effort to fulfill the needs of domestic soybean, marginal land soil could be utilized for black soybean, however its challenge is generally infertile soils. One of marginal land soil that can be used is acid dry land (ADL) soil characterized by low organic matter content and pH value. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of application of bio‐nano‐silica in the form orthosilicic acid (OSA) in acid dry land soil on : (i) black soybean vegetative growth and (ii) black soybean yield. The research was conducted in Natar area, South Lampung, in July‐October 2017, by using a randomized block design with three replicates. Bio‐nano OSA was applied at 0, 2, 4, and 6 L/ha, whereas single N, P, and K fertilizers were given at 0, 50, 75, and 100% of recommended rate on a 100 m2 plot size each, with control plot and farmer’s standard practice plot (100% N, P, and K + 2ton/ha of organic matter). Bio‐nano OSA was prepared from a 325‐mesh quartz sand using acid base solution extraction method and contained 5% H4SiO4 with 18 nm particle size applied in combination with selected Si‐solubilizing microorganism, i.e. Aeromonas punctata, Burkholderia cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, and Aspergillus niger. The results indicated that the application of bio‐nano OSA at 4 L/ha was able to save NPK fertilizer dosages up to 50% fertilizer and improved both vegetative and yield performances of Detam‐1 black soybean variety on Ultisols of Natar.

Kebutuhan kedelai hitam nasional masih tergantung pada pasokan dari luar negeri dan terkendala oleh rendahnya produktivitas. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan lahan marginal secara optimal perlu didorong untuk budidaya kedelai hitam. Optimalisasi lahan kering masam dihadapkan pada faktor utama pembatas tanah antara lain kemasaman tanah tinggi, air tersedia terbatas, dan efisiensi penggunaan unsur hara rendah. Silika (Si) dalam bentuk yang siap diserap oleh tanaman (asam silikat) mampu meningkatkan toleransi tanaman terhadap cekaman kekeringan dan meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan hara. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi bio-nano silika di lahan kering yang bereaksi masam terhadap: (i) hasil kedelai hitam, dan (ii) efisiensi penggunaan air. Kegiatan lapang dilaksanakan di Jatitujuh, Majalengka, Jawa Barat, pada bulan Juli-Oktober 2017 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Pupuk bio-nano silika diberikan dengan dosis 0, 2, 4, dan 6 L ha-1, sedang pupuk N, P, dan K tunggal diberikan setara dengan 0, 50, 75, dan 100% dosis rekomendasi. Plot kontrol berupa perlakuan standar petani (100% N, P, dan K + 2 ton ha-1 pupuk organik). Plot berukuran 100 m2 dari setiap perlakuan ditanami kedelai hitam varietas Detam-1. Pupuk bio-nano silika diekstraksi dari pasir kuarsa 325 mesh menggunakan larutan asam dan basa. Pupuk bio-nano silika mengandung kadar H4SiO4 > 5% dengan ukuran partikel 18 nm dan dalam aplikasinya diperkaya dengan mikroorganisme pelarut Si, yaitu Aeromonas punctata, Burkholderia cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, dan Aspergillus niger. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa hasil biji kedelai nyata tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 75% NPK + 2 L bio-nano silika ha-1. Aplikasi 4 L ha-1 bio-nano silika dapat menghemat dosis pupuk N, P, dan K sampai dengan 32%. Sementara aplikasi dengan dosis 6 L ha-1 bio-nano silika dapat meningkatkan hasil kedelai hitam var. Detam-1 sampai dengan 36,7% dan menekan kebutuhan air tanaman hingga 65%. Abstract . National black soybean demand is still dependent on import supply and limited by its low productivity. Therefore, the utilization of marginal land needs to be driven for development of black soybean cultivation. The main limiting factors of acid dry land soils are high soil acidity, limited water availability and low nutrients use efficiency. Silica (Si) in plant-available form (silicic acid) is able to improve plant drought tolerance and nutrient use efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the application of bio-nano-silica in acid dry land to: (i) black soybean productivity, and (ii) the efficiency of water use. The research was conducted in Jatitujuh area, Majalengka, West Java, in July-October 2017, by using a randomized block design. Bio-nano silica was applied at 0, 2, 4, and 6 L ha-1, whereas single N, P, and K fertilizers were given at 0, 50, 75, and 100% of recommended rate in three replicates and on a 100 m2 plot size each, with control plot and farmer’s standard practice plot (100% N, P, and K + 2-ton ha-1 of organic matter). Bio-nano silica was prepared from a 325-mesh quartz sand using acid base solution extraction method and containing > 5% H4SiO4 with 18 nm particle size applied in combination with selected Si-solubilizing microorganism, i.e. Aeromonas punctata, Burkholderia cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, and Aspergillus niger. The results showed that the highest yield of soybean seed obtained in treatment 75% NPK + 2 L bio-nano silica ha-1. Application of 4 L ha-1 bio-nano silica saved of 32% N, P, and K fertilizer dosage. Furthermore, 6 L ha-1 bio-nano silica improved bean production of Detam-1 var up to 36.7% and reduced water consumption by 65%.

Abstarct. Rice-field, during the dry season, offers promising potential as food crop production area particularly for secondary crops such as black soybean. However, rice-field have some limitations to support crop productivity economically, due to low fertilizer efficiency and/or water usage. Silicate (Si) fertilizer in the form of bio-nano ortho silicic acid (OSA) has been proven to improve yield and water use efficiency of black soybean on the upland, but not on rice field. This study aimed to determine the effects of bio-nano OSA application on yield, fertilizer and water use efficiencies of Detam-1 black soybean grown at a Bantarwaru rice-field, Indramayu, West Java. Experiment was undertaken from August to November 2018 with treatments consisting of : (i) control (P0), (ii) farmers’ standard practice (P1), (iii) P1 + 2 ton organic fertilizer ha-1 (P2), (iv) 50% P1 + 4 L bio-nano OSA ha-1 (P3), (v) 75% P1 + 4 L bio-nano OSA ha-1 (P4), and (vi) P1 + 4 L bio-nano OSA ha-1 (P5), in a randomized block design with three replications. The soil belongs to Alfisols with vertic property, i.e. cracking during the dry season. The results show that the application of bio-nano OSA was capable of improving yield of Detam-1 black soybean up to 26%, increasing water use efficiency up to 37%, and reducing NPK fertilizer dosages up to 50%. The highest yields of Detam-1 black soybean was 2.4-2.5-ton bean ha-1, achieved from the treatment of combination of 50-75% NPK fertilizer dosages and application of bio-nano OSA at 4 L ha-1 rate with optimum level of NPK dosage at 39.2%. By using bio-nano OSA and optimum dosage of NPK fertilizer, the farmer’s profit increased IDR 4,152,340 ha-1 per season compared to standard practice.Abstrak. Sawah tadah hujan pada musim kemarau menawarkan peluang yang prospektif untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai areal produksi tanaman pangan khususnya palawija seperti kedelai hitam. Namun, sawah tadah hujan secara umum memiliki masalah khusus untuk mendukung produktivitas tanaman di musim kemarau yaitu rendahnya efisiensi serapan hara dan/atau penggunaan air. Teknologi pupuk silika dalam formulasi bio-nano ortho-silicic acid (OSA) telah terbukti mampu meningkatkan hasil kedelai hitam dan efisiensi penggunaan air pada lahan tegalan tetapi tidak pada lahan sawah tadah hujan. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh aplikasi pupuk Si (bio-nano OSA) terhadap produksi tanaman kedelai hitam Detam-1, efisiensi penggunaan pupuk, dan air pada sawah tadah hujan di Bantarwaru, Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Percobaan dilaksanakan di lahan petani pada bulan Agustus hingga Nopember 2018 dengan menguji perlakuan : (i) kontrol (P0), (ii) pemupukan standar petani (P1), (iii) P1 + 2 ton pupuk organik ha-1 (P2), (iv) 50% P1 + 4 L bio-nano OSA ha-1 (P3), (v) 75% P1 + 4 L bio-nano OSA ha-1 (P4), dan (vi) 100% P1 + 4 L bio-nano OSA ha-1 (P5), dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan ulangan tiga kali. Tanah di lokasi percobaan tergolong ordo Alfisol dengan sifat vertik seperti timbulnya retakan saat musim kemarau. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi bio-nano OSA mampu meningkatkan produksi kedelai hitam varietas Detam-1 hingga 26%, meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air hingga 37%, dan menghemat dosis pupuk NPK hingga 50%. Produktivitas kedelai hitam tertinggi sebesar 2,4–2,5 ton biji kering ha-1 diperoleh pada perlakuan kombinasi pupuk NPK 50-75% dari standar petani dan aplikasi bio-nano OSA 4 L ha-1 dengan dosis optimum pupuk NPK pada 39,2%. Tambahan keuntungan usaha tani kedelai hitam Detam-1 di Bantarwaru dengan aplikasi bio-nano OSA dan pemupukan NPK yang optimum dapat mencapai IDR. 4.152.340 ha-1 per musim jika dibandingkan perlakuan dosis pupuk standar.