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A numerical simulation model was developed and employed in elemental composition determination and characterization of meteor plasma physical parameters, particularly the plasma excitation temperature and electron density, by fitting the model parameters to the emission spectrum of a bright Leonid bolide recorded in the visible spectral range. Novel model introduced in this study involves self-absorption and enables parallel optimization of tens of the parameters. We also discuss that the observed bolide spectrum is strongly dependent on observation geometry.

Autoři příspěvku se zaměřili na postoj sester k etickým problémům vyskytujících se při odběrech orgánů u dárců s nebijícím srdcem (NHBD) v intenzivní péči v České republice, které jsou u samotného procesu odběru orgánů přítomny. Kvalitativním výzkumným šetřením zjistili jejich pohled na problematiku NHBD a zmapovali jejich povědomí o legislativních postupech a doporučeních u pacientů zařazených dle Maastrichtských kritérií k odběru orgánů NHBD.

The visible spectrum of a bright Leonid bolide was recorded and analyzed by fitting the parameters of a newly developed numerical plasma model. In this procedure, elemental composition, electron density, plasma temperature, and the density of the heavy particles were extracted from the observed spectrum. The model introduced in this study involves self-absorption and takes into account the effects of the non-homogeneous meteoric plasma on the observed emission spectra using a simple radiative transfer model. The research was funded by the Czech Science Foundation (projects nos. 18-27653S, 21-11366S and 20-10591J) and partially Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 19-52-26006). Department of Spectroscopy is supported by the ERDF/ESF "Centre of Advanced Applied Sciences" project no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000778.

Spectra of meteor plasma, their dynamics and dominant spectral features are usually a subject of mathematical modelling and computations. In our study, on the other hand, we describe and evaluate the advantages and limitations of the experimental techniques employed for meteor spectra simulations. The experiments are performed by ablating meteorite samples using a series of laser sources, i.e. a large terawatt−class gas laser infrastructure PALS, a high-power Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser, and laboratory Nd:YAG and ArF excimer lasers. We demonstrate that, notwithstanding the importance of theoretical spectra computation, laboratory experiments may remarkably enhance the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the meteor emission spectra measured, as well as the assignment of important spectral features therein. We also perform completing experiments to compare the laser-target interaction observed with the expected dynamics of evaporation and disintegration of a real meteoroid body.

V předkládaném přehledovém článku autoři článku představují legislativní úpravu týkající se rozdílu smrti mozku a nevratné zástavy oběhu (NHBD - non heart beating donor, DCD – donation after cardiac death), které jsou základním pilířem novely transplantačního zákona č. 44/2013 v České republice. Blíže popisují proces dárcovství DCD a kategorizaci dárců orgánů a tkání dle Maastrichských kritérií. Zaměřují se na rozdílnost mezi diagnostikou smrti mozku a nevratnou zástavou oběhu. Problematiku znalostí personálu o možnostech odběru orgánů a tkání od dárců po nevratné zástavě oběhu a jeho základním legislativním rámci v České republice shrnují v závěru své práce. In this review article, the authors present the legislative regulation regarding the difference between brain death and irreversible circulatory arrest (NHBD - non heart beating donor, DCD - donation after cardiac death), which are the main pillars of the amendment to the Transplantation Act No. 44/2013 in the Czech Republic. They describe in more detail the process of DCD donation and the categorization of organ and tissue donors according to the Maastrich criteria. They focus on the difference between the diagnosis of brain death and irreversible circulatory arrest. They summarize the issue of staff knowledge about the possibilities of organ and tissue procurement from donors after irreversible circulatory arrest and its basic legislative framework in the Czech Republic in the conclusion of their work.

Protein-protein interactions (PPI) have a crucial role in all processes in living cells. Understanding the interactions between proteins allows us to describe cell processes in more detail and their study opens new possibilities for drug design. The importance of the question of studying PPI is shown in the recent development of various methods for their identification and description. The aim of this thesis is to give an overview of new and improved experimental methods of identification and characterization of protein-protein interactions. Methods described in this thesis are divided in four chapters - proximity-dependent labelling methods (BioID, BioID2, APEX, TurboID, MiniTurbo, PUP-IT, AirID, SPPLAT, EMARS), cross-linking methods (XS-MS), fluorescence methods for identification and visualization (BiFC, FRET, BRET) and biophysical methods for description of kinetics and thermodynamics parameters of interaction (SPR, ITC, MT).

Besides delivering plausible prebiotic feedstock molecules and high-energy initiators, extraterrestrial impacts could also affect the process of abiogenesis by altering the early Earth's geological environment in which primitive life was conceived. We show that iron-rich smectites formed by reprocessing of basalts due to the residual post-impact heat could catalyze the synthesis and accumulation of important prebiotic building blocks such as nucleobases, amino acids and urea.

The main objective of this study is to provide data on the bulk elemental composition, mineralogy and the possible origin of the Porangaba meteorite, whose fall was observed at 17:35 UT on 9 January 2015 on several sites of the state of Sao Paulo in Brazil. The surface of the meteorite was mapped by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. The mineralogy and the bulk elemental composition of the meteorite were studied using Energy-Dispersive and Wavelength-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS/WDS) together with Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD). The bulk elemental composition was also independently analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Laser Ablation ICP MS (LA ICP-MS) and Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (CF-LIBS). Based on the available visual camera records of the Porangaba meteorite fall, its orbit was tentatively calculated, and possible candidates for the source bodies in the Solar system were proposed. We also present a laboratory simulation of a Porangaba-like (L4 Ordinary Chondrite) meteor emission spectra. These can be used as benchmark spectra for the identification of meteor rock types through their comparison with meteor spectra recorded by high-speed video-cameras equipped with simple grating spectrographs.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Consultant: doc. RNDr. Milan Dittrich, CSc. Student: Marie Křivková Title of Thesis: Modification of parameters of nanoparticles prepared from aliphatic hydroxyacids polyesters Polyesters of aliphatic α-hydroxyacids are mentioned in the theoretical part. A significant part of it is mostly devoted to the polyester PLGA. Physicochemical properties, the process of biodegradation and biodistribution are described there. Subsequently, some examples of PLGA utilization in pharmacy and medicine are mentioned. The theoretical part deals also with the method of diffusion used for nanoparticles preparation, which was used in the experimental part, and the principles of size and surface charge measurements of these nanoparticles. The crucial part of this master thesis is based upon an experiment. It is focused on various approaches to the formulation of nanoparticles out of aliphatic polyester carriers with variable molecular constitution. Polymer PLGA with linear molecule and polymers containing PLGA branched on tripentaerythritol and polyacrylic acid were used. Using the diffusion method, nanoparticles were prepared out of these carriers. The outer water-based phase was modified by use of cetrimide of different...

The thesis on "Contraception in High School and among College Youth" is focused on the mapping of knowledge about the possibilities and methods of contraception. The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis characterizes and defines the concept of contraception and describes its methods and types. It also includes a history of contraception, the sexuality of youth, and the characteristics of development during adolescence. Because it is important not only to teen girls to be thoroughly informed about the possibilities of contraception, the last chapter also mentions the role of the midwife in educating girls about contraception. A methodology of quantitative research was chosen for this thesis and the technique of a questionnaire and a poll was chosen for data collection. The data obtained was further processed and evaluated using the Microsoft Excel computer program and was subsequently evaluated using PivotTables. The so-called Pearson chi-square goodness-of-fit test was used to statistically test the hypotheses. In addition, charts have been drawn up for individual questions from the questionnaire and poll, which illustrate respondents' answers. The research group for the research investigations were girls and young women from secondary schools and universities of the South Bohemian Region aged from 16 to 26 years. Questionnaires were sent electronically. In total, 555 questionnaires were obtained, of which 440 were used for research. The aim of this study was to map the knowledge of girls and young women in selected secondary schools and universities about the methods of contraception. Three hypotheses have been established. The first hypothesis was to find out if there are differences in knowledge about methods of contraception among students of health and secondary schools and students of other secondary and higher education institutions. This hypothesis has not been confirmed, because there was no difference in knowledge about contraceptive methods between the selected groups. The second hypothesis was used to find out whether university students have a better understanding of contraceptive methods than secondary school students. This hypothesis has been confirmed, for college students have a better understanding of contraceptive methods than high school students. The third hypothesis assumes that college students prefer hormonal contraceptives more than high school students, which has not been confirmed, as according to tables and statistical tests we have found that there were no statistical differences in preference for hormonal contraceptives amongst secondary and university students. From the results of the questionnaire survey it is clear that college students generally have a better knowledge of contraception than high school students, regardless of whether it is a health-related school. It turned out that girls at a younger age tend to choose a hormonal contraceptive method and are not aware of other methods. This work could be used as an educational or informational material for students of secondary schools and universities. An information leaflet, which is the output of this thesis, can serve as information material for high school and university youth.

Context. Meteor spectra are commonly interpreted using data from databases and tables. Several studies have demonstrated very sophisticated calculations of elemental compositions of meteoroid bodies based on the computation of synthetic meteor spectra or on the spectral analysis of airglow plasma containing evaporated, atomized, and ionized meteoroid matter. However, considering accuracy, reliability of computations, lack of laboratory experimental data in this field, as well as the complicated physical structure of meteor plasma, such qualitative assignment or quantitative calculations are still extensively discussed in the scientific community. Even on the laboratory level, many studies have shown the high complexity of the acquisition and interpretation of the data that are recorded with techniques of emission spectroscopy that are in fashion and philosophy similar to the spectral analysis of meteor plasma, that is, detection and quantification of the elements that are ablated from complicated multicomponent matrices. Aims. The current study is focused on the application of terawatt-class laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (TC-LIBS) of real samples of chondritic meteorites. We recorded emission spectra with high resolution and high precision that contain spectral lines that are typical for real meteoric spectra. Experimental data were compiled in a form that is convenient for the meteoric spectra interpretation and calibration. Methods. TC-LIBS was carried out by a high-power terawatt-class laser facility, the Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS). The spectra were simultaneously recorded by an echelle high-resolution spectrograph in the UV/VIS spectral ranges and by a low-resolution spectrograph that was used for real observation of meteor spectra. We also present calculated synthetic spectra based on data from the NIST atomic spectra database. Results. We assembled etalon qualitative tables of major meteoric spectral features that can be used both for the spectral wavelength calibration of low-resolution observational instruments and for the exact interpretation of meteor spectra. The data are compared with real meteor spectra.

The purpose of this article is to summarize some general information about the most common types of cardio-myopathies with an emphasis on a use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in its diagnosis. Although characteristic CMR findings of the cardiomyopathy are generally revealed, the establishing of a clear diagnosis could be difficult. The assessment of structural myocardial abnormalities allows determination of the degree of changes in the myocardium and the prognosis of the disease. The wide range of information about the heart structure and function is feasible to achieve due to advanced techniques of magnetic resonance imaging and the ima-ging is not limited by acoustic windows as it is in case of echocardiography. The role of CMR in diagnostics of the cardiomyopathies tends to be increasingly important, cardiologists increasingly favour this examination and it is consequently becoming a standard part of a diagnostic algorithm.amyloidosis - cardiac magnetic resonance - cardiomyopathy - myocardial hypertrophy.

Community supported agriculture is an alternative food system based on a cooperation between farmers and consumers who socially interact in a community. It was settled in the USA and spread all over the world while changing and evolving its form, although it is a grassroots movement grown from the anthroposofical background in the Europe. A couple of years ago it came to the Czech Republic and now it seeks its own individuality and circumstances which support its livelihood. Which criteria are crucial for thriving CSA in Czech is a key point of this paper.

This diploma thesis called "The analysis of selected choral compositions by Jakub Jan Ryba" deals primarily with his religious works. The introductory chapter briefly describes Ryba's journey to music and the activity of a composer and the text is also based on Ryba's own biography published in 2005 titled My Life and Music. The thesis concerns an extant autographic list of his works dated to 1801 and an autographic fragment of an incipit catalogue of compositions dated from 1774 to 1796 including an incipit of Czech Christmas Mass "Hey, Master!" dated back to 1795. Both lists were compared with two electronic music databases: the catalogue of the department of music history, National Museum - the Czech Museum of Music and the musical incipit catalogue of the National Library of the Czech Republic. The electronic databases were further compared with the thematic catalogue which is a part of the monography titled Jakub Jan Ryba published in 1963. The object of interest was also the quantity of autographs and transcripts and the prints of the works by Jakub Jan Ryba which have been issued from the beginning of the 19th century till present. Regarding the results of the research, it was proved that only a part of Ryba's work has survived up till now since Ryba himself presents 1083 compositions, both...

The intention of the thesis was based on an exploratory investigation to determine whether the needs of patients with COPD varies depending on the stage of the disease. The work is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part is divided into three chapters. The first slew characteristic of COPD, its diagnosis and subsequent treatment. The second deals with the classification of needs, motives and consequences that arise for patients insufficient meet the needs. The third part focuses on the specifics of treating patients with COPD. In the empirical part presents the results of quantitative research, which was conducted via questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in stage II, III and IV on the second clinic of Pneumology, University Hospital Motol. Exploratory survey was conducted anonymously, from July to December 2017. The main criterion for selection of respondents were diagnosed with COPD, good physical condition, mental well-being and willingness of patients to share their feelings. A total of 76 patients were approached, of which three savings would not participate. From the exploratory investigation showed that patients II. stages are distinctly identified needs, than patients in stage III and IV....

The bachelor thesis "Role of a nurse in application of a low-molecular-weight heparin" focuses on the topic of application of a low-molecular-weight heparin. The aim of the research was to explore the correct technique of a subcutaneous application of a low- molecular-weight heparin and assess the role of nurses in educating patients about the application. The theoretical section provides a basic overview of the low-molecular-weight heparin and explains the principles of antithrombotic therapy. The research section was implemented using a quantitative research technique, interviews using a structured questionnaire. The survey included 130 respondents working at standard surgical, orthopaedic, internal medicine wards and intensive care unit in the University Hospital Motol. The results showed nursing problems in the technique of application of low-molecular-weight heparin. The same number of respondents report a correct application angle (62 %) and do not massage the injection site (63 %). One third of respondents remove air bubbles from a syringe, only 58 % of respondents keep the skin pinch throughout the application. The survey proved that nurses from standard wards and nurses with a University degree apply the correct technique of a low-molecular-weight heparin application better than nurses...

The Bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of the impact of pain on emotional experience and quality of life in haemophiliac patients and the significance of pain management for nursing practice. The aim of the thesis was to tackle problems concerning the disease in adult haemophiliacs in connection with pain, emotional experience and quality of life, describe relations between these variables and determine the main factors influencing pain and quality of life in haemophiliacs. For that purpose, nine basic hypotheses were set and verified by the means of statistical processing of data obtained from a questionnaire survey of 105 adult haemophiliacs of age among 18 to 79 addressed across the whole Czech Republic. The respondents represented patients of both, A and B haemophilia and of all kinds of haemophilia severity. Four instruments were used to carry out the survey - a standardized questionnaire A36 Hemofilia-QoL for determining quality of life, a standardized questionnaire BDI - II for determining depressive symptoms, a standardized questionnaire GAD 7 for determining the level of anxiety and a visual-analogical scale, so-called Thermometer Scale of Emotions. The survey included a semi- structured questionnaire for demographic-anamnesis data. By the means of the instruments mentioned above,...

This bachelor thesis on a topic "Specifics of the education process in a patient with cataract" is focused on the educational activities of a nurse in patients after a cataract surgery. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part concerns cataract, history and types. It describes the educational process of nurses and nursing care for patients after cataract surgery. The practical part describes results of the exploratory questionnaire survey, which was held in five Prague hospitals. The exploratory involved two groups of respondents, ophthalmic nurses working in clinics/departments and patients who have undergone cataract surgery. Results of the questionnaire survey are summarised at the end of the thesis, in chapter discussion. They show that observed populations are similar, for example in the selected form of education. Furthermore, the different opinions were confirmed, such as the question of family member's presence during the education.

The bachelor thesis deals with the general knowledge of nurses in the area of electrocardiography, hence also its name Knowledge of nurses about electrocardiography. In the theoretical part, electrography, its history, recordings, pathological rhythms and nursing care associated with rhythm detection are described. In the empirical part, the results of quantitative research carried out by the questionnaire are interpreted over the methodology. At the end of the thesis are summarized the results of the questionnaire survey, which shows shortcomings in education during preparation for the general nurse's profession. These deficiencies are then manifested by insufficient knowledge of the recognition of basic pathological ECG rhythms, eventual defibrillation of some pathological rhythms. The lowest knowledge in this area has nurses with secondary education only. From the questionnaire survey, it is clear that nurses would appreciate not only more tuition during their general nurse training, but would also take part in electrocardiography workshops.

Bibliografický záznam NĚMEČKOVÁ, Jana. Vliv roztroušené sklerózy na aktivity denního života. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, 2. Lékařská fakulta, Ústav ošetřovatelství, 2016. 87 s., přílohy. Vedoucí bakalářské práce PhDr. Hana Nikodemová Abstract In my Bachelor thesis I examine the impact of Multiple sclerosis on a daily life activities. The intention is to present an overview of knowledge of the disease itself and map its impact on the activities of a normal day. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The introduction of the theoretical part is devoted to reasons of my decision to describe this topic, I define the aim of the work and the working hypotheses, subsequently there is described the disease itself in tabular form by each areas, such as the characteristics of the disease, duration of disease, diagnosis, treatment etc. Then I pay attention to daily life activities and needs of the patient. In the practical part is performed quantitative research through a questionnaire survey of patients from a specialized center for the treatment of demyelinating diseases in the Department of Neurology at the Motol University Hospital. The obtained data are presented in tabular and graphical reports. Keywords multiple sclerosis , activities of daily living, the impact of disease, attack, human needs

This thesis is dealing with the quality of life of patients with celiac disease. In the theoretical part, I am presenting the characteristics of celiac disease and I am describing its history briefly. For better orientation in the issue, I also joined a description of the anatomy of the small intestine and pathophysiology of celiac disease. In this thesis I am also dealing with incidence of disease, etiology and risk factors participating in the development of celiac disease, symptoms and the different forms, which are related to celiac disease, as well as potential complications and prognosis of celiac disease. An irreplaceable is the role of nurses in diagnosis and targeted screening for celiac disease, therapy and prevention, dispensarization and education of patients with celiac disease about gluten-free diet. I am also describing the problems that patients with celiac disease may encounter in everyday life. Last but not least I am focusing on the general concept of quality of life and also on the quality of life related to health and celiac disease. In the practical part, I am presenting aims and operational hypothesis, methodology of thesis and the characteristics of surveyed population sample. Chapter called the analysis of results includes pie charts showing the questionnaire's items,...

Bibliografický záznam ŠIMČÍK, Michal. Kvalita života pacientů po radikální prostatektomii, 2016, 117 stran, Bakalářská práce, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 2. Lékařská fakulta, Ústav ošetřovatelství. Vedoucí závěrečné práce: Mgr. Jana Křivková Abstract The primary objective of this thesis is to explore the quality of life of patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy for prostate adenocarcinoma. The main objectives of the research is to evaluate the areas in which patients experience a more noticeable deterioration in quality of life, defining the most common nursing problems that brought them operational performance, within the meaning of holistic understanding of the patient and comparing the survey results with earlier surveys conducted. Based on the results of the statistical analysis of data obtained through an anonymous questionnaire should have a theoretical output of the quality of patients after the surgery, which should also include the creation of a practical, informative and educative material whose aim will be to improve adaptation to change his own ill health and mitigate the negative psychosocial illness experience. Keywords cancer, quality, prostate, urology, life

In the theoretical part I am devoted to the history, anatomy, types of stoma, concept of stoma, indications for an establishment of stoma, pre and postoperative care, treatment of stoma, instruments and the influence on daily activities of a client while having a stoma. In the practical part I am following my own research of the impact of stoma on daily life's activities of klients with a stoma.