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This study aims to predict and to examine the springback of CP2 Titanium sheets in hydroforming with membrane diaphragm process, which is the branch of hydroforming process. The Hydroforming with Membrane Diaphragm was used for experimental investigation, in which specified CP2 titanium sheets were bent with various radii and angles on a specifically designed die. Springback results were then used to validate the finite element model constructed previously. Results show that the numerical model of this study can be used to predict the approximate springback values. Thus, the scrap quantities of the sheet metal titanium products can be reduced by making some modifications on the die, such as the springback compensation based on the obtained approximate springback values.

3D printing plays an important role in manufacturing of parts. Recent developments in 3D printing technology enable to print various shapes, sizes, and functional surfaces. The printed surfaces can have texture topology, which enables changing wetting state from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. This requires proper setting of printing parameters. In the present study, 3D printing of samples from titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is carried out. The resulting surface topology is examined using the analytical tools. The wetting state of 3D printed sample surfaces is assessed incorporating the contact angle method. The surface free energy of the printed samples is determined adopting the liquid contact angle technique. It is found that printed surfaces possess hydrophobic wetting state with droplet contact angle of 135° ± 5°. The droplet contact angle hysteresis is of the order of 36°, which causes pinning of the droplet on the surface. The surface free energy is determined as 54.2 mJ/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy film is considered and the morphological and metallurgical characteristics of the film are investigated. Analytical tools are used to characterise the printed alloy layer. The surface texture and microhardness of the layer are examined and the friction coefficient of the layer surface is assessed using the micro-tribometer. It is found that the alloy layer manufactured is free from large-scale asperities including micro-cracks and deep voids; however, few small pores sites are apparent on the surface because of the gasification and air release from the loose powders during the processing Microhardness of the top surface is higher than that of conventionally produced alloy surface. The friction coefficient of the surface remains lower than that of the conventional alloy surface. In the central region of the layer cross section, the columnar structures are developed and slanted grains are formed in the close region of the top and the bottom surface of the layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the protective effects of L. deliciosus and A. cylindracea supplementation against carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) induced oxidative stress by measuring levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and by observing histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissues of rats. We divided 36 rats into six groups: control, CCl4, L. deliciosus, A. cylindracea, CCl4 + L. deliciosus, and CCl4 + A. cylindracea. We found that administration of CCI4, A. cylindracea, and CCl4 + A. cylindracea increased MPO and ADA levels. We observed severe hepato-renal degenerative and necrotic lesions in the CCI4, A. cylindracea and CCl4 + A. cylindracea groups. Severe lesions of the liver and kidney were not observed with A. cylindracea administration. CCI4 induced hepato-renal lesions were ameliorated by L. deliciosus extract supplementation. L. deliciosus could be an important dietary antioxidant for preventing histologic lesions in liver and kidney due to CCI4 induced oxidative stress in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The therapeutic potential and antioxidant capacity of Ferula elaeochytris extract (FE) in the liver, kidney and pancreas of rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) was assessed using biochemistry, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Forty adult Wistar albino male rats were divided randomly into five groups of eight rats each. The normal control (NC) group was untreated. The diabetes control (DC) group was treated with STZ to induce diabetes. The diabetes + acarbose group (DAC) was treated with STZ, then with acarbose daily for 28 days. The diabetes + FE (DFE) group was treated with STZ, then FE daily for 28 days. DC rats had inflammatory cell infiltration, hydropic degeneration and necrosis, whereas the DFE rats exhibited nearly normal histology. Insulin immunostaining in the pancreatic beta cells was decreased in the DC group compared to the NC group, whereas the DFE group was similar to the NC group. Many serum biomarkers of damage to liver, kidneys or pancreas were elevated in the DC group compared to the NC group; these biomarkers were decreased in the DFE group. The DC group exhibited increased malondialdehyde levels and decreased levels of the antioxidant defense system constituents compared to the NC group. The level of biomarkers the DFE group was close to the NC group. FE exhibited a protective effect against tissue damage owing to its antioxidant activities and to its ability to effect regeneration of β-cells in STZ induced diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]