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Positron emission tomography is an imaging method which plays an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer cells using radioactive substances. In this study (p,n) reaction cross sections of some radionuclides (Cu-61, Ga-66, Br-76) were calculated using Talys 1.6 nuclear simulation code. The calculated cross-sections were compared with experimental values taken from EXFOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main application fields of nuclear technology is medicine and radioisotopes are used in medicine. Production of those radioisotopes is important and in the production processes the cross section must be known. All the production of radioisotope used in medicine is based on the nuclear reactions means they are not natural. The decay time of produced radioisotopes is important as from production to hospital can take time and thus generally generator is used to produce some radioisotopes. Radioisotopes are widely produced in reactors or cyclotron type accelerator. Type of radioisotopes direct way to be used in production processes. Thus obtaining of cross section becomes crucial. For this purposes the theoretical calculation cross section of some radioisotopes used in medicine will be calculated in this study. The calculations will be done using Monte Carlo code of TALYS 1.6

Introduction. Diabetic chronic kidney disease has more fatal clinical progresses and this situation can be related to volume overload, which is seen more commonly in diabetic chronic kidney disease patients than in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients. Therefore, we examined the effect of diabetes mellitus on volume overload in newly diagnosed stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients whose volume overloads were not showing signs of improvement from renal replacement therapy. Method. One hundred and five patients (46 diabetic, 59 non-diabetic) with end-stage chronic kidney disease, who had glomerular filtration rate (GFR) under 15 mL/min for at least three months were enrolled in this prospective study. We determined the body volume overload and configuration using a bioimpedance device. NT-proBNP levels were recorded. Results. There was a statistically significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic groups according to overhydration (OH, p=0.003), extracellular water (ECW, p=0.045), intracellular water (ICW, p<0.001) and OH/ECW (p=0.003). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between groups in terms of N-terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP levels, p=0.008). Discussion. We compared diabetic and nondiabetic end-stage chronic kidney disease patients who were not in renal replacement therapy yet. We found more volume overload and extracellular fluid volume in the diabetic group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Visual acuity (VA) constitutes an important outcome measure in surgery for medial sphenoid wing meningioma (SWM). This study aimed to assess the recovery of tumor-associated impairment of VA and its impact on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as an indication of vision-related quality of life in patients who had undergone surgery for medial SWM., Methods: From 2009 to 2018, 153 consecutive patients with medial SWM underwent surgical treatment at the authors' institutions. Tumor-associated VA was evaluated both on admission and during postoperative follow-up examinations, using Snellen charts. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify independent predictors for postoperative improvement of VA. PROMs were collected based on the National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire., Results: Of patients with medial SWM, 53 of 153 (35%) experienced preoperative impairment of VA. The median preoperative duration of visual symptoms was 12 (IQR 3-17) months for the entire study cohort. Multivariable analysis revealed a preoperative duration of visual symptoms ≤ 4 months to be independently associated with postoperative improvement of VA (p = 0.009). Evaluation of PROMs indicated a superior postoperative qualitative extent in the overall health (p = 0.027) and activities of daily living (p = 0.031) categories if preoperative duration of visual impairment was ≤ 4 months., Conclusions: The overall preoperative duration of tumor-related visual impairment significantly correlates to the extent of postoperative visual improvement as well as vision-related PROMs in medial SWM surgery. These results might aid in preoperative patient counseling and help optimize decision-making and preoperative estimation of long-term visual outcome.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with high morbidity. Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) has become a novel (neuro-) surgical treatment strategy for obstructive sleep apnea, demonstrating good success rates. Beyond predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, no precise data are available, enabling individual preoperative risk assessment. To improve preoperative risk stratification, this study analyzed individual patient factors that affect outcomes of HNS., Methods: Fourteen patients treated with unilateral HNS were analyzed retrospectively. Assessed risk factors included: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), and disease duration. Treatment success was defined as a reduction in the postoperative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) to ≤20 events/hour, with a relative reduction of at least 50% compared to baseline., Results: A significant reduction in the postoperative apnea-hypopnea index was observed in all patients (P < 0.0001). BMI correlated significantly with postoperative AHI scores (95% confidence interval, 0.1519-0.8974; P = 0.018). Significant treatment success was observed in 50% of patients. Compared with the "Excellent Responder group," the "Responder group" demonstrated a significantly higher BMI (95% confidence interval, 1.174-6.226; P = 0.0078). Diabetes, hypertension, disease duration, smoking, depression, and alcohol consumption were not significantly associated with AHI reduction., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that BMI may be an independent risk factor for the response to HNS, with patients who had less benefit from therapy having significantly higher BMI than "Excellent Responders." Therefore, carefully selecting patients is crucial in obtaining optimal outcomes with HNS therapy, especially those with a high BMI., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Histologically aggressive micropapillary thyroid carcinomas (PTMC) subtypes are thought to be associated with an aggressive clinical course. However, evidence for unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with aggressive PTMC subtypes is not clear. In this study, we intended to determine the difference in clinical outcomes between patients with aggressive and non-aggressive PTMC subtypes. In this multicenter cohort study, the computer-recorded clinical and histopathological data of patients who underwent thyroid surgery between January 2000 - January 2021 in 9 referral centers and were diagnosed as PTMC were analyzed. A total of 1585 patients [female 1340 (84.5%), male 245 (15.5%), mean age 47.9±11.63 years), with a mean follow-up time of 66.55±37.16 months], were included in the study. Ninety-eight cases were diagnosed as aggressive and 1487 as non-aggressive subtypes. Persistent/recurrent disease was observed in 33 (33.7% )and 41 (2.8%) patients with aggressive and non-aggressive subtypes (p<0.001). Diseases-free survival rates were markedly lower in patients with aggressive than in those with non-aggressive PTMC subtypes (66.3 vs. 94.8%, log-rank p<0.001). Moreover, in multivariate analysis, aggressive histology was an independent predictor of persistent/recurrent disease, after controlling for other contributing factors (HR 5.78, 95% CI 3.32-10, p<0.001). Patients with aggressive PTMC subtypes had higher rates of incomplete biochemical and structural response than patients with non-aggressive subtypes as well (p<0.001). Aggressive PTMC subtypes share many characteristics with histologically identical tumors>1 cm in size. Therefore, the histopathological subtype of PTMC should be taken into consideration to tailor a personalized management plan., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Although the age at diagnosis has been suggested as a major determinant of disease-specific survival in the recent TNM staging system, it is not included in the recent American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines to estimate the risk of recurrence. Nevertheless, the effect of sex on differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) recurrence is controversial. Therefore, this multicenter study was conducted to assess whether age at diagnosis and sex can improve the performance of the ATA 3-tiered risk stratification system in patients with DTC with at least 5 years of follow-up., Methods: In this study, the computer-recorded data of the patients diagnosed with DTC between January 1985 and January 2016 were analyzed. Only patients with proven structural persistent/recurrent disease were selected for comparisons., Results: This study consisted of 1691 patients (female, 1367) with DTC. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, disease-free survival (DFS) was markedly longer in females only in the ATA low-risk category (P = .045). Nevertheless, a markedly longer DFS was observed in patients aged <45 years in the ATA low- and intermediate-risk categories (P = .004 and P = .009, respectively), whereas in patients aged <55 years, DFS was markedly longer only in the ATA low-risk category (P < .001). In the Cox proportional hazards model, ages of ≥45 and ≥55 years at diagnosis and the ATA risk stratification system were all independent predictors of persistent/recurrent disease., Conclusion: Applying the age cutoff of 45 years in the ATA intermediate- and low-risk categories may identify patients at a higher risk of persistence/recurrence and may improve the performance of the ATA risk stratification system, whereas sex may improve the performance of only the ATA low-risk category., (Copyright © 2021 AACE. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Ventriculoatrial shunt (VA) insertion is one of the possible surgical procedures to treat hydrocephalus. However, it is also associated with several complications such as obstruction and shunt infection as well as life-threatening complications like intraatrial thrombus or thrombosis on the distal catheter. In this case report, we share a rare case of a patient with a VA shunt, who was admitted to our hospital with a stroke., Case Description: A 56-year-old female patient with suspected acute stroke was admitted to the stroke unit. CT and MRI scans showed multiple cerebral infarctions in both hemispheres. The transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed at the tip of the VA shunt catheter, which was implanted about 30 years ago due to aqueduct stenosis, also a thrombotic formation as the reason of stroke. Interestingly, the tip of the catheter was not in the right atrium as expected, but in the left atrium. Further evaluation showed a patent foramen ovale (PFO), through which the catheter migrated from the right to the left side. At first, conservative treatment with anticoagulation was started with the aim to dissolve the thrombotic formation; however, a control TEE showed an unchanged mass at the catheter tip. Therefore, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was implanted and the proximal shunt catheter was removed with an additional closure of the PFO by our heart surgeons. Postoperatively, the patient was discharged 10 days later in good condition to a rehabilitation center., Conclusions: Thromboembolic events due to a PFO are rare but possible life-threatening complication after VA shunt insertion. Therefore, preoperative cardiac diagnostic might be clinically relevant prior to a VA shunt implantation to avoid such complications.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) in patients with infected diabetic foot ulcers (IDFU) as well as to assess the association between PTX-3 levels and IDFU severity. This study included 60 IDFU patients (Group 1), 45 diabetic patients without DFU (Group 2), and 45 healthy controls. Patients with IDFU were divided into mild, moderate, and severe subgroups based on classification of clinical severity. Patients who underwent amputation were also documented. Blood samples were collected to determine PTX-3 levels. PTX-3 levels in healthy controls, Group 1, and Group 2 were 5.83 (3.41-20) ng/mL, 1.47 (0.61-15.13) ng/mL, and 3.26 (0.67-20) ng/mL, respectively. A negative correlation between plasma PTX-3 and glucose levels was found. There were significant differences in terms of procalcitonin (PCT) and PTX-3 levels in the subgroup analysis of Group 1. The PTX-3 level in patients who did or did not undergo amputation was 4.1 (0.8-13.7) and 1 (0.6-15.1) ng/mL, respectively. Results suggest that PTX-3 is a particularly effective marker in patients with IDFU, both in terms of predicting disease severity and assisting in the decision to perform amputation., (© 2019 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Hyperhidrosis is a condition where the amount of sweat released to skin surface increases due to the over-active eccrine sweat glands. Hyperhidrosis causes considerable psychosocial distress in affected people. It affects the quality of life and leads to social anxiety disorders., Aims: No study has been conducted in our country to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data of patients with hyperhidrosis. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the clinical and demographic characteristics, causes of sweating and laboratory findings in patients treated for hyperhidrosis at our outpatient clinic and to compare these data with the literature data., Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on medical records of patients diagnosed with and treated for hyperhidrosis at outpatient clinic between 2014 and 2017. Adults aged over 18 years were included in study. Age and gender of patients, type and localization of sweating, duration of disease, age of onset of sweating, presence of stress, fever, joint pain and comorbidity, family history, medication use, and examination results were recorded., Results: Records of a total of 70 patients consisting of 30 men and 40 women with hyperhidrosis were examined. Overall mean age was 37.1 years. Mean age was 41 years in women and 32 years in men. Most frequent forms were palmoplantar and axillary hyperhidrosis for primary hyperhidrosis (primary HH), and head-neck and generalized hyperhidrosis for secondary hyperhidrosis (secondary HH). Most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, non-specific joint and bone pain, cardiovascular disease, and neuropsychiatric disease. Cases with secondary HH had a history of drug use (antithyroid drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antidiabetic agents, antidepressants, and antihypertensives)., Conclusion: This is the first study that investigated the characteristics of patients with primary and secondary HH in our country. These characteristics can help determine the cause and apply treatment for hyperhidrosis by an appropriate examination and approach.

Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common entrapment neuropathies of the upper limbs. It results from compromised median nerve function of the wrist that is caused by increased pressure in the carpal tunnel. Repetitive use of the hand and wrist, obesity, pregnancy, rheumatoid diseases, trauma and endocrinopathies are some of the risk factors for CTS., Aim: The purpose of this study was to find out whether patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypothyroidism and acromegaly have an increased incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome compared to each other and normal population., Materials and Methods: Patients were assigned into three groups as follows: patients with type II DM n: 100, patients with hypothyroidism n:48 and patients with acromegaly n:36. In addition, 50 healthy individuals were included in the study as control subjects. Patients were asked if they had any pain, symptoms of paraesthesia and numbness. Patients with peripheral neuropathy were excluded from the study. Boston Symptom Severity Scale and Functional Capacity Scale were used to assess symptom severity and functional capacity. CTS was investigated by performing electrophysiological study for both hands., Results: The incidence of CTS was significantly higher in all three groups compared to the control group (p>0.05). In addition, the incidence of CTS was significantly higher in the DM group compared to the hypothyroid and acromegaly groups (p<0.001). The incidence of bilateral CTS in the DM group was significantly higher compared to both hypothyroid and acromegaly groups and the control group (p<0.001)., Conclusion: CTS has a higher incidence in DM, hypothyroid and acromegaly patients compared to healthy individuals. Clinicians should be careful about development of CTS in DM, hypothyroidism and acromegaly. They should adopt a multidisciplinary approach and co-operate with the psychiatrist.