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It is important to understand the growth of startups because they are a driver of economic prosperity and wealth. However, due to their short history and high failure rate, research measuring startup growth has been limited and has relied on qualitative data. This study uses monthly active user (MAU) data of mobile-based startups (n = 266) collected by InnoForest, a startup growth analysis platform in South Korea, to classify the patterns of their growth curves using GA-NLS-based Bass model estimation. We also investigate how growth patterns differ depending on several popular business characteristics across mobile apps. The Bass model was used to categorise the pattern of the growth curve, resulting in the four growth patterns: Stealthy Influencer, Rapid Scaler, Late Bloomer, and Niche Dominator. Furthermore, there were differences in growth patterns between the platform and non-platform businesses, and between fixed-fee and pay-per-transaction services. This study reveals that the growth of mobile-based startups, as measured by MAUs using Bass model, follows different patterns depending on the attitudes of the users of startups’ apps and the speed at which apps’ growth peaks. The results can be useful for developing startup growth strategies, making investment decisions, and formulating policies for startup growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is lack of empirical evidence on whether organisational variables affect the cultural competence of nurses. Aim: This study aimed to investigate individual and organisational characteristics associated with South Korean clinical nurses' cultural competence. Methods: A descriptive cross‐sectional research design was used. A convenient sample of 401 clinical nurses from 21 hospitals in South Korea was recruited between November 2015 and February 2016. Multilevel modelling was used to estimate the effects of individual‐ and organisation‐level predictors. Data were analysed using the nlme package in R. Results: Multilevel modelling indicated that professionalism (β = 0.02, p < 0.001) and foreign language fluency (β = 0.25, p = 0.012) were significant individual‐level predictors. Education on foreign patient care was marginally significant at p = 0.069. At the organisational level, nurse‐to‐patient ratio (β = 0.37, p = 0.038) and organisational cultural competence (β = 0.02, p < 0.001) were significant predictors. In addition, hospital ownership and work environment were marginally significant at p = 0.054 and p = 0.050, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant cross‐level interaction between professionalism and hospital ownership (β = 0.03, p = 0.003). Conclusion: To provide culturally competent care, nurse leaders should recognise the importance of organisational‐level factors, such as nurse staffing and organisational cultural competence, and create an environment that is inclusive of diverse patients, as well as promote professionalism among individual nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new fabrication method employing two-step trench etching and twice self-alignment technique was developed to obtain high cell density trench power MOSFETs by using only three mask steps. This method was implemented to increase cell density, to decrease on-resistance and to improve leakage current characteristics. The trench DMOSFETs with 1.6 μm cell pitch and 140 Mcell/in2 cell density were fabricated. The specific on-resistance of the device is about 0.48 mΩ˖cm2 with the breakdown voltage of 43 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]