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Data plays a crucial role in the development and application of artificial intelligence, which has become a consensus in industry and academia. Based on the interactive relationship between artificial intelligence and data, as well as the data-centric AI development practice, this paper proposes a data governance framework for artificial intelligence, which consists of six stages: source data governance, pre-trained data governance, evaluation data governance, fine-tuning data governance, inference data governance, and operation and maintenance data governance. Each stage has its key tasks and technologies. At the same time, this paper deeply analyzes the data governance cases and successful experiences of ChatGPT, Ziya2 and artificial intelligence models in the energy field to verify the effectiveness of the framework. The result shows that the framework plays an important role in improving the performance of artificial intelligence models and optimizing data governance processes. The framework provides reference for theoretical and practical innovation of data governance oriented to artificial intelligence.

[Objective] To study the molecular biological mechanism for a case of ABO blood group B subtype, and perform three-dimensional modeling of the mutant enzyme. [Methods] The ABO phenotype was identified by the tube method and microcolumn gel method; the ABO gene of the proband was detected by sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP), and the exon 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were sequenced and analyzed. Homologous modeling of Bw.03 glycosyltransferase (GT) was carried out by Modeller and analyzed by PyMOL2.5.0 software. [Results] The weakening B antigen was detected in the proband sample by forward typing, and anti-B antibody was detected by reverse typing. PCR-SSP detection showed B, O gene, and the sequencing results showed c.721 C>T mutation in exon 7 of the B gene, resulting in p. Arg 241 Trp. Compared with the wild type, the structure of Bw.03GT was partially changed, and the intermolecular force analysis showed that the original three hydrogen bonds at 241 position disappeared. [Conclusion] Blood group molecular biology examination is helpful for the accurate identification of ambiguous blood group. Homologous modeling more intuitively shows the key site for the weakening of Bw.03 GT activity. The intermolecular force analysis can explain the root cause of enzyme activity weakening.

Abstract Transgenic soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill] currently covers approximately 80% of the global crop area for this species, with the majority of transgenic plants being glyphosate resistant (Roundup Ready, GR or RR). However, there is significant concern regarding the potential effects of GM crops and their byproducts on soil microbial communities. During our research, we discovered a type of semiwild soybean that emerged due to genetic drift at a transgenic test site. Nevertheless, the ecological risk to soil rhizosphere microorganisms associated with planting semiwild soybean following genetic drift remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment and collected soil samples at various stages of plant growth. Our results indicate that the species diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in transgenic glyphosate-resistant semiwild soybean was also not significantly different from that observed in other types of soybean. Additionally, Basidiomycota had beneficial effects on rhizosphere fungi during the flowering and maturation stages in transgenic glyphosate-tolerant semiwild soybean. These findings provide valuable insights into how genetic drift in transgenic soybean may impact the soil microenvironment.

Efficiently responding to public complaints is a necessary measure to realize intelligent management and enhance public satisfaction, and the use of intelligent question answering for public complaints can save time and human resources. However, rule-based and retrieval-based models in intelligent question answering rely on preset knowledge. Therefore, they cannot provide effective responses when complaints are out of the scope of knowledge, nor can they maintain the coherence of conversations when dealing with multiple rounds of dialogues. Existing large language models can communicate smoothly with users, but general-purpose large language models lack domain knowledge. Due to the fact that the correct answers in the training data will contain information not covered by the questions, the general large language model generates wrong responses or answers that are not the questions asked, resulting in hallucination. To address these issues, a large language model (PC-LLM) for intelligent question-and-answer in the domain of public complaints has been constructed. Firstly, an entity relationship extraction model based on BERT-BiLSTM-CRF is designed to extract entities and relationships in the complaint work order in order to construct the complaint knowledge graph. The BERT model is used to vectorize the complaint work order and construct the vector index library of the complaint work order. In the stage of reply generation, this paper extracts the entities and relationships of users’ complaints, conducts knowledge reasoning through entity links in the knowledge graph of complaints, obtains potential relationship tips, and uses the knowledge graph of complaints to perform knowledge reasoning to obtain potential relationship hints. Meanwhile, this paper performs quick search of complaints within the vector index library of complaint work orders, and obtains similar complaints. Finally, a more accurate response can be generated by integrating potential relationship prompts, similar complaint prompts and complaint into a large language model. Experimental analysis shows that the performance of this large language model on the complaints dataset is significantly better than that of ChatGPT4o, ERNIE Bot, Tongyi Qianwen, and other large language models.

Objective Femoral head necrosis is a challenging condition in orthopaedics, and the occurrence of collapse is an important factor affecting the prognosis of femoral head necrosis. Sclerosis bands are known to influence the collapse of the femoral head, yet there is a lack of research on the biomechanical role of sclerosis bands in non‐vascularized fibular grafting surgery. This study aims to evaluate the biomechanical impact of sclerosis bands in femoral head necrosis and their role in non‐vascularized fibular grafting surgery (NVFG) using finite element analysis. Methods We constructed 11 finite element models based on CT scan data of a normal hip joint, simulating different sclerosis band thicknesses and defect scenarios. The models were analyzed for changes in femoral head displacement and von Mises stress. We constructed a hip joint model based on CT data from a normal hip joint, and after reconstruction, assembly, and optimization using 3‐matic. We created five groups consisting of 11 finite element analysis models of the hip joint. Mesh partitioning and mechanical parameter settings were performed in ANSYS. The changes and differences in femoral head displacement and von Mises stress of these models were analyzed. Results Increasing sclerosis band thickness led to reduced peak displacement of the femoral head by 28.6%, 42.9%, and 47.6%, and increased surface von Mises stress by 28.3%, 13.8%, and 13.0%, respectively. Post‐surgery, peak displacement decreased in all groups compared to pre‐surgery levels. Increasing sclerosis band thickness post‐surgery resulted in decreased maximum von Mises stress of the femoral head by 13.9%, 3.0%, and 8.1%. Defect volume in the defect groups correlated with increased peak displacement of the femoral head by 10.0%, 30.0%, and 100.0%, and increased surface maximum von Mises stress of the femoral head by 9.3%, 14.0%, and 15.1%. Conclusion Sclerosis band formation exacerbates von Mises stress concentration on the femoral head surface. However, thicker sclerosis bands improve post‐NVFG stability and mechanical performance. Larger anterior lateral sclerosis band defects significantly compromise postoperative stability, increasing the risk of collapse. Protecting the anterior lateral sclerosis band during NVFG surgery is crucial.

BackgroundsInsomnia is frequent in schizophrenia and is found to be negatively affected by stressful life events， psychotic symptoms and depressive disorder， while the relationship among the four remains understudied in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia.ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of stressful life events on insomnia in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia， and to explore the mediation effect of psychotic symptoms and depression， so as to provide references for the intervention of insomnia in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia.MethodsFrom April to June 2023， a sample of 1 105 patients with schizophrenia attending 48 community health centers in Chengdu， Sichuan province and fulfilling the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） diagnostic criteria were included. All subjects were assessed using Stressful Life Event Scale （SLEs）， Athens Insomnia Scale （AIS）， Psychosis Screening Questionnaire （PSQ）， and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale （PHQ-9）. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation among the scales. Then the mediation model was constructed using Smart PLS 4.0， and tested with partial least squares algorithm and Bootstrap techniques.Results332 patients （30.05%） with community schizophrenia were found to have insomnia. AIS scores in patients with schizophrenia were positively correlated with the scores on SLEs， PSQ and PHQ-9 （r=0.165， 0.322， 0.554， P

Background In recent years, physical impairment (PI) combined with cognitive impairment (CI) is a common comorbidity in the elderly. An early detection of PI combined with CI in the elderly and timely interventions may help to improve the quality of life of the elderly and reduce the burden on their families and society. However, relevant studies on the comorbidity of PI and CI in the elderly and its influencing factors have been rarely reported. Objective To observe the clinical characteristics of the comorbidity of PI and CI in the elderly and the influencing factors. Methods Elderly patients hospitalized in Peking University People's Hospital from September 2018 to November 2019 were selected. A total of eligible 244 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were surveyed for the physical function and cognitive function using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively. PI was diagnosed with lower than 10 points of the SPPB, and CI was diagnosed with lower than 27 points of the MMSE. Patients were divided into non-PI+non-CI, PI+non-CI, non-PI+CI, PI+CI. Social demographic, anthropometric, laboratory examination and other indicators of patients were collected, and Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors for PI combined with CI in the elderly. Results Among the 244 patients, there were 102 (41.80%), 64 (26.23%), 26 (10.66%) and 52 (21.31%) cases of non-PI+non-CI, PI+non-CI, non-PI+CI and PI+CI, respectively. Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with non-PI+non-CI cases, age (P

Purposes The flexible bedding layer and pile cap have great influences on the pile-soil stress ratio, load sharing ratio, and settlement of CFG pile composite foundation, and further research is still needed about how the flexible bedding layer and pile cap jointly affect the characteristics of the composite foundation in field tests. Methods By using a section of CFG pile composite foundation with soft foundation treatment as the engineering background, field in-situ tests were conducted for the combinations of bedding thicknesses of 100, 200 and 300 mm and pile cap size of 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 m under the control of constant number of geogrid layers to investigate the pile-soil stress ratio, load sharing ratio, and settlement characteristics of CFG pile composite foundation. Findings Field tests show that with the increase of cushion thickness from 100 to 300 mm, pile-soil load ratio decreases by 51.5%, pile-soil stress ratio decreases by 52.5%, and total settlement increases by 7.9%. As the diameter of pile cap increases from 0.8 to 1.2 m, the pile-soil load ratio increases by 29.0%, the pile-soil stress ratio decreases by 29.2%, and the total settlement is 10.4%. For the regional geological conditions in this work, it is advisable to choose the CFG pile composite foundation with cushion thickness of 100 mm and pile cap diameter of 1.2 m.

Effects of four types of cereal dietary fibers (DF) on blood glucose, inflammatory factors and gut microbiota in db/db mice were investigated. The db/db mice were fed with diets containing four types of dietary fibers of wheat (WDF), brown rice (BDF), oat (ODF) and buckwheat (BWDF) respectively. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was measured every two weeks, and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were conducted at the 8th and 14th weeks. At 14 weeks, feces were collected to analyze the changes of microbiota, and serum was collected to determine the level of blood lipid and inflammatory factors. Four types of cereal DF could reduce the FBG and the area under the blood glucose curve (AUC) at 8 weeks in db/db mice, improve dyslipidemia and reduce the concentration of blood pro-inflammatory factors (P < 0.05). All four types of cereal DF could increase the diversity of gut microbiota and change the abundance of different microbiota. Among them, WDF mainly increased the abundance of Faecalibaculum and Romboutsia, BDF increased the abundance of Actinobacteriota and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota (F/B), ODF mainly promoted the proliferation of Alistipes, and BWDF increased the abundance of norank_f__Muribaculaceae and decreased the level of Bacteroides. Correlation analysis showed that F/B and Actinobacteriota were significantly negatively correlated with FBG, AUC, pro-inflammatory factor (IL-8) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and positively correlated with anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, while Bacteroides was the opposite. Alistipes, Faecalibaculum, and Romboutsia were negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α respectively. Four types of cereal DF can improve the glycolipid metabolism disorder and inflammatory response in type 2 diabetic db/db mice by increasing the diversity of gut microbiota and exerting different regulatory effects on microbiota.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematopoietic stem cell disease caused by abnormal expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) on the cell membrane due to mutations in the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A(PIGA) gene. It is commonly characterized by intravascular hemolysis, repeated thrombosis, and bone marrow failure, as well as multiple systemic involvement symptoms such as renal dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, swallowing difficulties, chest pain, abdominal pain, and erectile dysfunction. Due to the rarity of PNH and its strong heterogeneity in clinical manifestations, multidisciplinary collaboration is often required for diagnosis and treatment. Peking Union Medical College Hospital, relying on the rare disease diagnosis and treatment platform, has invited multidisciplinary clinical experts to form a unified opinion on the diagnosis and treatment of PNH, and formulated the Expert Consensus of Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (2024), with the hope of promoting the standardization of PNH diagnosis and treatment.

With the rapid development of the interdisciplinary area of artificial intelligence and medicine, large language model (LLM) has been widely used in the fields such as diagnosis and treatment, medicine, and healthcare. LLM has unique advantages in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as high consistency with the "Four Diagnostic Methods", perfect combination of natural language and self-supervised learning in TCM, the ability to adapt to the characteristics TCM formulas, and the assistance in TCM diagnosis and treatment. At present, various LLM models have been developed, including the "Qihuang Ask Big Model" and the Digital Traditional Chinese Medicine Big Model "GLM-130B", but they still face challenges such as value mismatch and medical abuse, increased demand for interpretability, lack of advanced technology, and domestic policy access. This article reviews the evolution of LLM, its unique advantages and applications in the field of TCM, the problems and challenges, and the future development trends, in order to providereference for the further promotion of LLM in traditional medicine.

Esophageal cancer is a common and lethal digestive system malignancy, and both treatment efficacy and patient survival rates face significant challenges. In recent years, exosomes have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, demonstrating tremendous clinical potential, particularly in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of esophageal cancer. These exosomes not only serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis but also modulate tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance by delivering bioactive molecules. Importantly, exosomes can act as carriers for esophageal cancer-related therapeutic agents, optimizing gene therapy strategies to enhance efficacy while reducing toxicity and side effects. Despite facing challenges in clinical applications such as purification, enrichment, and standardization of analytical methods, exosomes maintain broad prospects for application in esophageal cancer treatment, with the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of life. This review focuses on the innovative role of exosomes in the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer, exploring their application value and safety in disease monitoring and assessment of treatment response. Furthermore, this study outlines the challenges and limitations of transitioning exosome research from basic studies to clinical applications, as well as potential solutions and future research directions to address these obstacles.

IntroductionThe mechanism of tannic acid (TA) intervention on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, USA 300) biofilm formation was explored using proteomics.MethodsThe minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TA against the MRSA standard strain USA 300 was determined by two-fold serial dilution of the microbroth. The effects of TA were studied using crystal violet staining. The morphology of TA-treated USA 300 cells was observed by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were screened using proteomic and biological information analyses, and their transcriptional levels were verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe MIC of TA was 0.625 mg/mL, whereas 1/2 MIC (0.3125 mg/mL) of TA significantly inhibited biofilm formation without affecting the bacterial growth (p < 0.01) and prevented the formation of a complete three-dimensional biofilm structure. Using 1/2 MIC of TA, 208 DEPs were identified, of which 127 were upregulated and 81 were downregulated. The transcriptional levels of the genes corresponding to five randomly selected DEPs (glnA, ribD, clpB, gap, and lukE) were consistent with the proteomics data (p < 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis showed that the changes in the MRSA strains after TA intervention primarily involved pyrimidine and purine metabolisms, arginine biosynthesis, and the citric acid cycle.ConclusionTA exerts an antibacterial effect on MRSA and can be used as a potential candidate for the development of anti-biofilm drugs, thereby laying a foundation for the treatment of MRSA biofilm-induced infections.

Failure to wear a helmet correctly is a significant cause of injury or death in the construction industry and industrial production. Traditional supervision methods predominantly rely on manual oversight, incurring substantial costs and demonstrating inefficiencies. To address this pressing issue, the present work introduces an advanced intelligent detection technology based on deep learning algorithms, which leverages the YOLOv5 algorithm to train a dataset, enabling real-time assessment of correct helmet usage among personnel while promptly issuing warnings when deviations are detected. Simultaneously, to mitigate challenges related to object leakage and false detections in complex backgrounds, the model’s performance is further enhanced by optimizing Generalized Intersection over Union, Distance Intersection over Union, and Complete Intersection over Union loss functions and improving the Mosaic-9 data enhancement algorithm. Empirical results validate the system’s efficacy, with the optimized YOLOv5 algorithm achieving an impressive precision rate of 93.16% and a robust recall rate of 88.96%. These findings underscore the system’s ability to accurately identify instances of workers’ improper helmet usage. This enhanced YOLOv5-based intelligent detection technology provides a more efficient and accurate method for monitoring helmet compliance within the construction industry and industrial production, effectively addressing the limitations of traditional manual supervision and ensuring precision in complex operational contexts.

AIM: To identify immune-related key genes and the extent of immune cell infiltration in a oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR)model by bioinformatics method.METHODS: Microarray data were obtained from the GEO database, differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified using the “limma” R package, GO function enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were conducted, and immune cell infiltration based on the CIBERSORT algorithm was analyzed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)was used to screen DEGs in the immune-related gene module, constructing a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network using STRING online database and Cytoscape software, and further screening final target genes using the cytoHubba plug-in.RESULTS: A total of 467 DEGs were screened, including 270 up-regulated and 197 down-regulated genes. Helper T cell 2(Th2 cells), an immune cell type, exhibited significantly high expression levels(P

Objective To analyze the spatial relationship between the roots of maxillary anterior premolars and the maxillary sinus, thus providing an anatomical basis for timing, planning, surgical approaches, and implant selection at this site. Methods Cone beam CT (CBCT) images were collected from 264 patients (aged 20-65 years) who visited the Ruihua Dental Clinic between January 2017 and March 2023. The minimum distance from the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was measured on the coronal plane. The classification of the vertical relationship between the tooth root and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was performed, and comparisons were made bilaterally, between genders, and among different age groups. Results The minimum distance (Q50) from the apex of the first maxillary premolar root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was 7.34 mm for the single-root type, 7.80 mm for the buccal root of the double-root type, and 7.36 mm for the palatal root. For the second maxillary premolar, the median distance was 2.56 mm for the single root type, 1.73 mm for the buccal root type, and 1.23 mm for the palatal root type. There was a significant difference in the shortest distance from the apex of the right second maxillary premolar single root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus among the different age groups (PP>0.05). The most common vertical relationship between the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was noncontact. There was no significant difference in the vertical relationship classification between the single-root and double-root types (P>0.05). Conclusion Most maxillary first premolar roots can provide sufficient bone height, which makes it easy to achieve immediate implantation. The maxillary second premolar root frequently involves insufficient bone, which is necessary to make full use of the bone wall of the extraction socket or the sinus floor cortical bone to achieve initial stability. The vertical relationship between the premolar root and maxillary sinus was influenced by age and dental position. Younger age groups often exhibit inadequate bone height, and the indication for immediate implantation should be carefully considered. The number of roots does not significantly affect the relationship between the sinus and root; however, double-rooted premolars offer more support for immediate implantation and socket healing due to the small root diameter and bony separation between the roots.

The effects of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) at different pressures (30, 40, 50 and 60 MPa) on the hydration properties and crystallinity of bamboo shoot dietary fiber (BSDF) were studied as well as the effect of HPH-treated BSDF on the gel strength, water-holding capacity (WHC), protein secondary structure, chemical interactions and microstructure of heat-induced gels from shrimp surimi. The results showed that the WHC, oil-holding capacity (OHC), and swelling capacity of BSDF were positively correlated with homogenization pressure (P < 0.05). However, too small size of fiber particles affected its combination with hydrophilic groups, which could reduce the water absorption and swelling properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) results demonstrated that the crystallinity of BSDF decreased after medication, and the fiber bundle structure was destroyed, becoming loose and porous. Compared with the surimi added with unmodified BSDF, the gel strength of shrimp surimi added with BSDF treated at 30, 40, 50, and 60 MPa were increased by 10.04%, 17.87%, 28.76%, 28.49%, and WHC increased by 3.48%, 5.74%, 13.04%, and 12.70%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis showed that the contents of α-helix and random coil in the modified BSDF-supplemented shrimp surimi gel decreased, while the contents of β-sheet and β-turn increased significantly, suggesting more stable secondary structure of proteins. The results of chemical interaction analysis showed that modified BSDF promoted the hydrophobic interactions and the formation of disulfide bonds in shrimp surimi gel, with a more pronounced effect being observed with BSDF treated at 50 and 60 MPa. SEM results showed that shrimp surimi gel added with BSDF treated at 60 MPa had a more uniform and denser three-dimensional network structure. These results showed that HPH treatment could improve the hydration properties, and reduce the crystallinity of BSDF, and HPH-treated BSDF could significantly enhance the gelation properties of heat-induced shrimp surimi, which will provide a theoretical basis for improving the application of BSDF in shrimp surimi gels.

The compound rotor system of a mechanically rectified permanent magnet generator is the key structure to realize the rectification function. The dynamics of the compound rotor system under bidirectional input conditions are studied to analyze the vibration deformation degree of each component of the rotor system and to ensure the uniform distribution of the shunt load of each planetary gear. In this paper, based on the theory of concentrated mass parameters, a dynamic model of the compound rotor system under the condition of bidirectional input is established. The model is solved with the Runge-Kutta numerical integration method. The dynamics of each component under the condition of bidirectional input are obtained. The results show that the oscillations of torsional displacement of each component of the compound rotor system are all about 25 μm, and the standard deviations of the meshing forces of each planetary shunt are all about 200 N during the two-way input, indicating that the vibration degree of the compound rotor system is similar; The load sharing coefficient of meshing forces decreases obviously with the increase of input torque and tends to be gentle when the torque reaches 500 N·m. Therefore, increasing the input torque can improve the dynamic meshing force and load sharing performance, so that the compound rotor system can obtain better dynamic performance under the bidirectional input condition. The research results are of great significance for the vibration and noise reduction and reliable operation of the permanent magnet generator.

N-glycans play important roles in a variety of biological processes. In recent years, analytical technologies with high resolution and sensitivity have advanced exponentially, enabling analysts to investigate N-glycomic changes in different states. Specific glycan and glycosylation signatures have been identified in multiple diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, nervous system disorders, and metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. These glycans demonstrate comparable or superior indicating capability in disease diagnosis and prognosis over routine biomarkers. Moreover, synchronous glycan alterations concurrent with disease initiation and progression provide novel insights into pathogenetic mechanisms and potential treatment targets. This review elucidates the biological significance of N-glycans, compares the existing glycomic technologies, and delineates the clinical performance of N-glycans across a range of diseases.

ObjectiveTo provide a theoretical basis for different drug decision-making scenarios by conducting a comprehensive clinical evaluation of nusinersen.MethodsBased on the method of multi-criteria decision analysis, a comprehensive clinical evaluation index system of nusinersen was established. This system, including core criterion model and contextualized criterion model, covered multiple evaluation dimensions such as safety, effectiveness, economy, and social attributes. The evidence of nusinersen in various criteria was summarized and integrated through systematic reviews. Then, different stakeholders were assigned weights and scores in various criteria of the core criterion model. Finally, a holistic value of nusinersen was estimatedthrough standardizing and combining the results in contextualized criterion model.ResultsThe criteria, type of therapeutic benefit disease severity (0.08±0.02), unmet needs (0.08±0.01), quality of evidence (0.08±0.01), effectiveness (0.08±0.01) and safety (0.08±0.02) received the greatest weights after standardization. The higher mean scores for nusinersen versus placebo for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy were disease severity (4.8±0.4), innovation of the drug (4.7±0.6), expert consensus or clinical practice guidelines (4.5±0.6), effectiveness (4.0±1.0) and quality of evidence (4.0±0.8).The holistic value of nusinersen was 0.41. The overall impact of the contextualized model on the evaluation of the drug was 0.26, indicating that it may overestimate the comprehensive value of nusinersen.ConclusionsThe method of multi-criteria decision analysis proves the positive role that nusinersen plays in spinal muscular atrophy treatment.

Polyacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS) is a widely used engineering plastic. In this study, the surface of the ABS substrate was modified by combining green UV irradiation surface modification technology with chitosan grafting technology. The effects of ultraviolet irradiation conditions, concentration of chitosan acetate solution, modification temperature and modification time on the ABS substrate surface morphology, roughness, hydrophilicity and chemical properties were investigated. Firstly, the ABS was irradiated at 300 W for 30 min by using 2 g/L titanium dioxide(TiO2) as a photocatalyst, and then it was modified with a 0.75 g/L chitosan acetic acid solution at 70 ℃ for 30 min. The surface morphology change of the ABS substrate was observed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and atomic force microscopy(AFM), and the hydrophilicity change of the ABS substrates surface was analyzed using a surface contact angle measuring instrument and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). Results showed that after UV irradiation and chitosan grafting modification, the ABS substrate surface developed a small number of tiny holes, exhibited low surface roughness, and displayed a significant increase in the concentration of hydrophilic groups. Consequently, the surface hydrophilicity was significantly enhanced. Furthermore, the electroless copper plating layer appeared smooth, with a pink color and metallic luster.

In order to solve the problem of interruption in the positioning of roadheader in the case that the optical target is blocked under the current commonly used integrated navigation positioning of roadheader based on 'inertial navigation+visual measurement+optical target', a positioning solution method for roadheader under optical target occlusion occlusion is proposed. Firstly, the method collects images of an optical target composed of four rectangular distributed target points in unblocked conditions, obtains the pixel coordinates of the imaging spot of the target points in the camera, and constructs a rectangle. Then, the method expands and constructs an auxiliary rectangular area box according to a certain proportion. Secondly, the method collects images of partially blocked target points, obtains the pixel coordinates of the imaging spot of the unblocked target points in the camera. The method determines the corresponding relationship between the unblocked target points and the imaging spot based on the Euclidean distance between the imaging spot of the target points and the vertex of the auxiliary rectangular area box, thereby determining the blocked target points. Thirdly, using the known geometric dimensions of the target and the target attitude information provided by inertial navigation, the method establishes the corresponding relationship between the projected target point and the imaging spot, and then solves for the pixel coordinates of the spot corresponding to the blocked target point. Finally, the spatial coordinates of the center position of the optical target are obtained using the perspective-N-point (PNP) algorithm to achieve the positioning solution of the roadheader. The experimental results show that when the optical target is blocked, by calculating the pixel coordinates of the light spot corresponding to the blocked target point, the problem of interruption in the positioning of the roadheader can be solved. It ensures the real-time positioning of the roadheader, and the positioning error meets the actual positioning requirements of the roadheader.

Chinese traditional fermented vegetables are made from fresh vegetables through microbial metabolism and a series of chemical reactions. During the fermentation process, the microbial community structure is complex, and the dominant microorganisms at different stages play different roles, which has a great impact on the quality, flavor and safety of fermented vegetables. Based on this, this article reviews the effect of the microbial diversity on the quality, flavor, and safety of Chinese traditional fermented vegetables as well as the abiotic factors affecting the microbial diversity, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality and safety of fermented vegetables.

ObjectiveTo understand the contamination status of Campylobacter in meat products of Baotou， the pathogenic characteristics such as drug resistance genes， antibiotic sensitivities， molecular typing were analyzed.MethodsThree hundred meat products were collected from 2019 to 2022， which were cultured for Campylobacter isolation. Sensitivities to antibiotics， drug resistance genes and mutation sites of isolated Campylobacter were detected and genetic characteristics were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） method as well.ResultsA total of 142 Campylobacter were isolated from 300 meat products， of which the isolation rate of raw poultry was 65.71% （138/210）. The detection rate of Campylobacter coli was significantly higher than that of Campylobacter jejuni （χ2=12.48， P

Because of a nonlinear watershed′s interference during the recovery of an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), a closed-loop control method for optimizing the recovery path of the UUV based on the BP neural network is proposed. The paper uses the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to simulate the hydrodynamic coefficients for recovering the UUV relative to a submarine in different paths. The numerical simulation results are used as the initial data for training the BP neural network. Using the Latin super-law, the location of the nonlinear watershed is randomly sampled. Hydrodynamic coefficients of the UUV in the nonlinear watershed at sampling points are predicted based on the BP neural network. The results show that the error predicted by the neural network through root mean squares is within 10%. Through combining the prediction results of the neural network with the UUV longitudinal maneuverability equation, the error of the recovery speed and steering interval is compared with the theoretical recovery path. The closed-loop control method of UUV dynamic recovery in the nonlinear watershed is optimized.

Objective To summarize and analyze what the listing in market of orphan drugs in China, the United States, the European Union, and Japan in 2023, and to provide empirical reference to Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises, pharmaceutical management, and new drug research and development departments. Methods Collect the 2023 drug market data released by official drug regulatory agencies in four countries and international organization-China, the United States, the European Union, and Japan categorize the market of rare disease drugs and and their indications, approval dates, R&D status in China, component therapeutic areas, and special review and approval pathways were analyzed. Results Findings in 2023, 28 orphan drugs were listed in the United States, mostly anti-tumor related, accounting for 32.1% (9 out of 28); 17 orphan drugs were listed in the European Union, anti-tumor related accounting for 47.0% (8 of 17); 22 listed in Japan; and 45 listed in China. In 2023, over 70% orphan drugs listed in the European Union and Japan entered the phase of clinical trials/marketing and applications/approved clinical applications in China (86.4% from Japan and 70.6% from European Union). Conclusions Currently, there is no qualification accreditation mechanism for orphan drugs in China. However, in 2023, the number of rare disease drugs listed in China was the greatest among the four countries/international organization. It reflects that China′s Catalog for Rare Diseases played a guiding role in drug research and development. Meanwhile, the reform of drug approval and review in China and the issue of rare disease catalogs took place in a short period of time, so the review and approval, as well as research and development of rare disease drugs are still in the catching up stage.

Objective This study aims to sort out the rare disease drugs in the China′s Second List of Rare Diseases, to provide reference for the management of rare disease drug treatment. Methods Up to December 31, 2023, based on the China′s Second List of Rare Diseases, we sorted out the drugs approved in China with the drug label, or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of the above diseases, and developed the second batch of rare disease drug catalog in China. The accessibility, localization and coverage of the national medical insurance were also analyzed. Results From the point of view of diseases, a total of 37 diseases in the China′s Second List of Rare Diseases have drug indications approved in China, and 10 diseases have drugs listed by the U.S. FDA/EMA and approved in China, but for off-label use. From the point of view of drugs, there are 55 drug indications approved for the treatment of the China′s Second List of Rare Diseases, and 22 drugs listed in the U.S. FDA/EMA and approved in the China, but for off-label use. Among the above-mentioned drugs with domestic approved rare disease indications or approved numbers, 39 drugs have at least one domestic approval number for a dosage form, covering 30 rare diseases; 37 drugs used for at least one rare disease are included in the national medical insurance catalog and are covered by reimbursement, covering 29 rare diseases. Conclusions The list of rare disease drugs in the China′s Second List of Rare Diseases was established. The number of rare disease drugs and covered diseases approved by China and the U.S. FDA/EMA has increased, and the number of rare disease drugs and covered diseases that are localized and included in the medical insurance catalog has also continued to increase.

Objective To analyze the effectiveness and safety of bisphosphonates in the treatment of patients with calcification defense. Methods PubMed, Embase databases, CNKI and Wanfang were searched to collect the case reports and clinical studies of bisphosphonates for calcification defense. Then, the relevant information of patients was extracted for statistical analysis. Results A total of 18 case reports were selected involving 20 patients. Thirteen patients (65.0%) were treated with pamidronate, four (20.0%) were treated with etidronate, two (10.0%) were treated with alendronate, and one (5.0%) was treated with zoledronic acid. Thirteen patients (65.0%) recovered completely, the recovery time of whom ranged from half month to nine months. The tolerance of bisphosphonates in most patients(90.0%)was good, while one patient who did not tolerate pamidronate recovered after the frequency of administration was adjusted and one patient with high dosage of etidronate returned to normal after the discontinuation of the usage. Conclusions Bisphosphonates, an inhibitor of bone resorption, is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with calcification defense.

Cooling water accounts for the majority of water usage in power plants. With the aggravation of water scarce all over the world, adaptive actions to optimize cooling system and improve water efficiency of cooling process are required. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight of the issues involving water saving of cooling system for power plants. Limitation of current cooling technologies were firstly discussed. Then some retrofits and optimization of system designs that could significantly help to reduce water and energy consumption in power plant were presented. The possibity, complexities and challenges of some non-traditional water supplies such as reclaimed water and seawater recirculating cooling for power plant applications were introduced. The key technologies of water treatment and monitoring for water quality control were also illustrated and the water-saving effect brought by advanced technology was introduced. Finally, opportunities and challenges of management for cooling system were suggested.

[Objective] Carbon capture, utilization and storage(CCUS) is an indispensable technology for achieving carbon neutrality,and CO2 pipeline transmission is a significant component of this technology. In the process of supercritical CO2 pipeline transmission,unintentional pipeline leakage or venting operations may cause localized low temperatures in the trunk pipelines and vent piping due to the strong throttling effect caused by CO2, resulting in dry ice that blocks the pipeline and makes it brittle. [Methods] In the study, the OLGA software was utilized to develop a high-pressure CO2 pipeline relief model. The simulation results obtained from the model were then compared against foreign experimental data. The comparative analysis indicated that the OLGA software provided relatively accurate calculations for pressure drop and tended to be more conservative in calculating temperature drop. These findings supported the software's suitability for performing calculations related to the design of CO2 pipelines. Building upon this foundation, a long-distance high-pressure CO2 pipeline venting model was established to simulate and analyze the effects of different valve openings, initial temperatures, and initial pressures on temperature decrease, phase state changes, and venting duration during the CO2 pipeline venting process. [Results] It was revealed that reducing the vent valve opening effectively prevented excessively low temperatures within the pipeline during venting. Under the venting simulation conditions selected for this study, 13.5% valve opening effectively prevented dry ice formation, and the valve opening below 4.5% could maintain the pipeline temperature at higher than-30 ℃. The venting process of the high-pressure CO2 pipeline exhibited low convective heat transfer intensity and significant temperature drops, predominantly observed away from the relief port. The initial temperature had a substantial impact on the temperature in the pipeline during venting. More specifically, a lower initial temperature resulted in a decrease in the temperature in the pipeline during venting, increasing the likelihood of dry ice formation. [Conclusion] Therefore, in engineering practice, it is crucial to focus on fuid temperature in sections far from the relief port along the trunk pipelines and automatically reduce the vent valve opening in response to temperature drops, aiming to slow down the temperature drop rate during the venting process. Special attention should be paid to protecting CO2 pipelines, especially when operating under low-temperature dense phase conditions.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), as a chronic disability disease that seriously damages the quality of life, will degrade articular cartilage and lead to subchondral bone remodeling, resulting in knee pain, stiffness and limited function. It is one of the most common bone and joint diseases. As an inflammatory disease, the etiology of KOA involves both repair and degradation mechanisms. Neutrophils, as powerful natural immune effector cells that can precisely regulate the function of blood and tissue. It is the first immune cells to enter the synovial membrane after joint injury and is an important factor in joint inflammation and cartilage destruction, and its activity is necessary for the progression of KOA. This article focus on KOA influencing factors, its relationship with neutrophils and macrophages, and the pathological mechanisms of KOA, so as to providing reference for KOA treatment.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 4(TRPV4)is a non-selective cation channel responsible for sensing changes in cell swelling, temperature, mechanical stretch, shear stress and osmotic pressure by regulating transmembrane calcium signaling and thereby influencing gene expression, cell morphology, and cytoskeletal construction. TRPV4 is widely expressed throughout the body. Intraocularly, TRPV4 is functionally expressed in the cornea, lens, ciliary body, trabecular meshwork and retina. In this article, the expression and physiopathological functions of TRPV4 in various tissues of the eye were described. With the in-depth study of TRPV4 in ocular pathophysiological functions, TRPV4 may become a potential drug target in corneal injury repair, glaucoma and retinal angiogenesis, but further in-depth study is still needed.

Objective Exploring the position and bone wall thickness characteristics of the maxillary central incisors in Southern Chinese adults to provide a clinical reference for the design of immediate maxillary central incisor implantation surgery. Methods The hospital ethics committee approved the study, and the patients provided informed consent. CBCT images of 990 adult patients (aged 20-79 years) from the Stomatology Hospital (January 2018 to December 2021) were categorized based on the dental arch form and age-sex groups. Sagittal CBCT images of the maxillary central incisors were used to measure the labial and palatal bone thickness wall at 4 mm the CEJ to apical, the middle of the root, and the angle between the tooth long axis and the long axis of the alveolar process, to compare the thickness of the labial and palatal bone walls in samples of male and female patients, and to explore the relationship between the angle between the tooth long axis and the alveolar process long axis in samples of male and female patients in different age groups (20-39 years; 40-59 years; 60-79 years). Results Significant differences were found in the labiopalatine side of the alveolar bone of the maxillary incisor root position. A total of 95.8% (948/990) of the maxillary incisors were positioned more buccally, 4.1% (41/990) were positioned more midway, and 0.1% (1/990) were positioned more palatally. The thicknesses of the bone wall at the CEJ of 4 mm below the palatal side, the middle of the root, and at the apex were greater (1.82 ± 0.56 mm, 3.20 ± 1.10 mm, and 7.70 ± 2.00 mm, respectively) than those at the labial side (1.21 ± 0.32 mm, 0.89 ± 0.35 mm, and 1.86 ± 0.82 mm, respectively), with statistical significance (P

Objective To comprehensively analyze the reported preparation methods for animal models of perimenopausal syndrome (PS), to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various preparation elements and detection indexes, so as to provide useful references for the optimization of the relevant animal models as well as the standardization of their application in the efficacy evaluation of new drugs. Methods In this paper, literature research methods were applied using "perimenopausal syndrome" as the subject term. The publication period of the literature was limited to January 2016 to February 2023. Relevant literature on the preparation of PS animal models was retrieved from databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and PubMed. After screening the experimental literature that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, detailed information on experimental animal strains, modeling methods, duration of drug administration, positive drugs, detection indexes and other relevant information were collected. After the above information was standardized, the PS animal model database was established using Excel 2010 software. The model preparation elements and evaluation indexes were summarized systematically, and the statistical results were processed and analyzed using Excel 2010 software. Results A total of 247 articles were screened. SD rats (164 times, 65.86%) and Wistar rats (35 times, 14.06%) were often used to prepare PS animal models. Bilateral ovariectomy (139 times, 53.87%) and natural aging (43 times, 16.80%) were chosen as modeling methods. The ages of rats used for modeling ranged from 7 weeks to 18 months, with 3-month-old rats (22 times, 21.78%) being the most common. The detection indexes were comprehensively evaluated from multiple perspectives, including serum biochemistry, vaginal exfoliated cell smear, histomorphology, general observation, behavioral observation, and organ tissue protein immunoblotting. Western medical evaluation indexes were commonly used to test the successful preparation of models, with vaginal exfoliated cell smears being the most frequently used method (125 times, 85.04%). A model was considered successfully prepared when estrous cycle disorder or irregularity was observed. Some literature also determined modeling success by detecting a significant decrease in serum estradiol levels (5 times, 3.04%). Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome evaluation often used a combination of Chinese and Western medical evaluation indexes for comprehensive evaluation, with researchers determining the TCM syndrome through vaginal exfoliated cell smears supplemented by general observation (3 times, 2.04%). Conclusion There are many methods for preparing PS animal models, but there are still significant differences in the selection of animal species, age, criteria for successful modeling, and TCM syndrome evaluation in the related literature.

This study aimed to clarify the role of la-related protein 1 (LARP1) in cell cycle progression and metastatic behavior of cultured gastric carcinoma (GC) cells. To do that, LARP1 expression was detected in clinical GC tissues and cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and cell growth were examined using a Cell Counting Kit-8, Annexin V-FITC staining, propidium iodide staining, Transwell migration and invasion assays, and colony formation assays after LARP1 knockdown. Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT1 mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K, p-AKT1, AKT1, p-BAD, p-mTOR, and p21 in si-LARP1 transfected GC cells were determined using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Here, we've shown that LARP1 expression was upregulated in human GC tissues and KATO III cells. LARP1 knockdown inhibited GC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, invasion, and colony formation and promoted apoptosis. In si-LARP1-transfected KATO III cells, the mRNA expression levels of PI3K and AKT1, PI3K protein expression, and the p-AKT1/AKT1 ratio were significantly suppressed. p-mTOR and p-BAD were significantly decreased, whereas p21 was significantly increased in si-LARP1-transfected KATO III cells. In conclusion LARP1 knockdown induces apoptosis and inhibits cell cycle progression and metastatic behavior via PI3K/AKT1 signaling in GC cells.

We studied the patients diagnosed with X-linked hypophosphatemicrickets(XLH) and treated with burosumab in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022. In addition, we described the clinical characteristics of the patients, the changes of clinical indexes before and after burosumab treatment, and the adverse drug reactions during treatment. We also evaluated the efficacy and safety of burosumab for XLH. The results showed that three children XLH patients and one adult XLH patients received burosumab treatment. After treatment, the serum phosphorus level of all patients increased; the serum phosphorus of 3 children patients increased above the lower limit of the reference value range; the serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) of all patients was lower than that of before treatment; the serum ALP of one adult patient was close to the normal range after 2.5 years of treatment. One child patient showed small crystals in kidney through ultrasound 48 weeks after treatment; one child and one adult showed increased serum parathyroid hormone(PTH)level before treatment and serum PTH continued increasing after treatment. Finally, it may be concluded that burosumab increased serum phosphorus levels in XLH patients, kept the level relatively stable, and reduced serum ALP levels. No serious adverse reactions occurred during treatment, in order to provide reference for the use of burosumab in patients with XLH.

Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is an effective method for the treatment of lower limb spasm, especially the advancement of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring technology, which can make surgery more and more minimally invasive and accurate. This article reviews the surgical methods, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring techniques, lower limb function assessment methods, surgical efficacy and postoperative complications of SDR.

Objective To establish an animal model of autologous arteriovenous fistula in mice and evaluate its effect.Methods The left external jugular vein and common carotid artery of 10 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were separated by end-to-side anastomosis of external jugular vein and common carotid artery after anesthesia, and the right jugular vein was exposed without suture as a control, so as to establish an animal model of internal arteriovenous fistula. Doppler ultrasound, HE and Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the hemodynamics, intimal hyperplasia and protein expression of smooth muscle cell proliferation in the outflow vein of the internal arteriovenous fistula and the contralateral control vein, and to evaluate the effect of model construction.Results A total of 10 mice were selected for this study, and 9 mice were successfully modeled, with a success rate of 90%. Ultrasound examinations were performed on the day of surgery, 7 and 14 days after surgery, respectively. The results showed that the flow velocity near the anastomosis was linearly correlated with the diameter of the tube. The higher the flow velocity, the larger the diameter of the tube. There was a positive correlation between peak velocity and lumen diameter (P=0.000 6, R2=0.831 7). After surgery 14 days, HE staining results showed that after autologous arteriovenous fistula molding, the average lumen area of outflow segment vein was significantly decreased (P < 0.000 1), the intima area was significantly increased (P < 0.000 1), the intimal area was significantly increased (P < 0.000 1). On the surgical side of arteriovenous fistula, collagen deposition was significantly increased, and the proportion of Masson-positive regions was significantly increased (P < 0.000 1). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the proportion of collagen 1 positive areas on the surgical side of arteriovenous fistula was significantly upregulated (P < 0.000 1), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) , proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells increased significantly (P < 0.000 1), indicating an increase in local cell proliferation level.Conclusion The established mouse autologous arteriovenous fistula model has the advantages of high success rate, good stability and low cost. The model provides a good carrier for exploring the biological mechanism of intimal hyperplasia in arteriovenous fistulas.

Objective This study aims to comprehensively analyze and categorize the rare disease medications(orphan drugs) listed in the China's First List of Rare Diseases. It further investigates disparities in drug accessibility between domestic and international contexts, with the overarching goal of enhancing and updating the landscape of drug therapy for rare diseases within China. Additionally, this research seeks to offer valuable insights for the management and advancement of drug therapies for rare diseases. Methods Orphan drugs that have received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency(EMA) for indications relevant to the diseases featured in the China's First List of Rare Diseases were meticulously extracted for comparative analysis. Furthermore, data were extracted concerning the varieties sanctioned by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). This was coupled with a thorough search for drug varieties approved for rare diseases as indicated in drug instructions. The result was a meticulously curated list of rare disease medications. Accessibility parameters for the aforementioned drugs were rigorously examined. Results As of December 31, 2022, a total of 116 rare disease drugs, having gained approval from the U.S. FDA, EMA, or NMPA and been available within the Chinese market, were found to effectively address 53 different rare diseases. Among them, 74 drugs, sanctioned by the U.S. FDA, were applicable to 44 diseases. Correspondingly, 36 drugs, approved by the EMA, were relevant to 26 diseases, while NMPA-approved drugs numbered 93, spanning 43 diseases. Within the realm of these 116 rare disease drugs, 59 possessed at least one drug dosage form with a domestically sanctioned approval number, providing treatment avenues for 36 rare diseases. Notably, 69 drugs featured at least one drug formulation that was encompassed within the medical insurance framework and earmarked for rare disease treatment, contributing to coverage for 29 rare diseases. Conclusions Compared with the initial release of this list, it becomes evident that the accessibility of foreign orphan drugs, as well as the incorporation of domestic approval numbers, has significantly improved. Furthermore, this research underscores the continued augmentation of the items included in the national medical insurance program, thereby signifying heightened accessibility and coverage.

Objective: This study aimed to improve the oxidation, exploitation, and utilization of pumpkin seed oil (PSO). Methods: Pea protein isolate (PPI) -Tannic acid (TA) stabilized Pickering emulsion with Maltodextrin (MD) was used as the filling material, and prepared pumpkin seed oil microcapsules by spray drying. Results: After spray drying the Pickering emulsion, the smooth surface of the medium shell structure of microcapsule powder can be obtained. By increasing TA concentration, microcapsules showed smaller particle size [(32.00±0.28) μm], lower moisture content [(1.970±0.043)%], and higher bulk density [（0.725±0.014) g/cm3]. The FFA release rate of pumpkin seed oil microcapsules with different TA content was in the range of 39.63%~69.91%, and it slowed down when TA concentration increased. Compared with the PSO encapsulated in PPI, the PPI-TA composite used as the shell material improved the thermal stability, oxidation resistance and oxidation stability of PSO. Conclusion: These results indicated that PPI-TA-MD microencapsulation technology can improve the antioxidant capacity and oxidation stability of PSO.

Objective To construct a urinary retention risk assessment scale for patients after primary hip replacement and test its reliability and validity. Methods The item pool of the scale was formed by combining literature review, semi-structured interview, Delphi expert letter consultation and pre-survey. A total of 27 patients who underwent primary hip replacement in a Class A tertiary specialized hospital in Chongqing from July to August 2021 were subjected with convenience sampling for pre-investigation. Then 114 patients who underwent primary hip replacement from August 2021 to June 2022 were selected for item analysis and reliability and validity test to further verify the stability of the scale structure. Results A risk assessment scale for urinary retention after primary hip replacement was constructed, which included 3 dimensions and 12 items. The content validity index of the scale was 0.800, Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.758, and test-retest reliability was 0.935. The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the diagnostic threshold of urinary retention risk assessment scale for patients with primary hip replacement was 17, the AUC was 0.704 (95%CI 0.578~0.830), the sensitivity was 63.6%, and the specificity was 71.8%. The scale grading results were as follows: 17≤ total score

Deuterium (2H) magnetic resonance imaging is an emerging molecular metabolic imaging method that can visualize the metabolic pathway in vivo, and therefore has great potential in clinical applications such as cancer detection. In this work, we aimed to compare the metabolic characteristics of three different deuterium-labeled glucose, namely [6,6’-2H2]-glucose, [2,3,4,6,6’-2H5]-glucose, and [1,2,3,4,5,6,6’-2H7]-glucose through glioma cell experiment. The rat glioma C6 cells were incubated with three deuterium-labeled glucose, and cell media samples were collected at different time points, and underwent magnetic resonance deuterium spectroscopy to obtain the glucose consumption and the production of downstream metabolites, such as water and lactate, at each time point. The results showed that all three kinds of deuterium-labeled glucose probes were able to demonstrate the characteristic of tumor metabolism, and there was no significant difference in the consumption rate of the three kinds of deuterium-labeled glucose probes, and the production of the deuterium-labeled water and deuterium-labeled lactate were consistent with the theoretical estimation. Therefore, this paper concludes that the cost-effective deuterium-labeled glucose probe [2,3,4,6,6’-2H5]-glucose has great clinical translational values.

In this paper, sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) is modified with a Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) powder to prepare a repair mortar for repairing buildings with clay bricks, in addition, the adhesion and durability were studied. The experimental results show that the PVA powder-modified sulfoaluminate cement repair mortar has excellent durability and adhesion with the clay brick. At the same time, it was found that the PVA modified sulfoaluminate cement can reduce the drying shrinkage and the cracks in the bonding interface, which is beneficial to improve the adhesion. In addition, the PVA powder can reduce the total porosity of the mortar, but the increase in the capillary porosity is unfavourable to the durability of the mortar. However, the durability results show that the PVA powder effectively improves the water permeability resistance, frost resistance and sulfate corrosion resistance of the SAC repair mortar and the interface between the SAC repair mortar and clay brick. Nevertheless, under a high-temperature environment, the compressive strength and tensile bond strength of the repair mortar decreased rapidly, and also decreased with an increase in the PVA content.

Flexible alternative current transmission systems (FACTS) devices such as the hybrid unified power flow controller (HUPFC) can adjust the line power flow and effectively increase the transmission capacity of the transmission network. To solve the problems caused by the mechanical on-load tap changer (OLTC) used in the traditional HUPFC, a fast electromagnetic HUPFC based on full-power electronic OLTC is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the operation characteristics of HUPFC are studied, and a method to suppress the overvoltage generated in the switching process is proposed. At the same time, a tap selection strategy with the least switching times is realized by using the asymmetric stage voltage Sen transformer with the existence of degrees of freedom in the synthesis method of operating points, and the detailed steps from power flow instruction change to switching voltage regulation are given. Finally, the 220 kV double-loop circuit simulation model is built in Simulink, and the power flow regulation process and results of the fast electromagnetic HUPFC are compared with those of the traditional HUPFC. The results show that the full-power electronic switch has more advantages in response speed and reducing the power fluctuation in the adjustment process than mechanical OLTC, and the feasibility of the fast electromagnetic HUPFC is verified.

For a non-empty set XX, denote the full transformation semigroup on XX by T(X)T\left(X) and suppose that EE is an equivalence relation on XX. Evidently, TE∗(X)={α∈T(X)∣(x,y)∈Eif and only if(xα,yα)∈Efor allx,y∈X}{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X)=\left\{\alpha \in T\left(X)| \left(x,y)\in E\hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{if and only if}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}\left(x\alpha ,y\alpha )\in E\hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{for all}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}x,y\in X\right\} is a subsemigroup of T(X)T\left(X). In this article, we investigate Green relations, Green ∗\ast -relations and Green ∼ \sim -relations, various kinds of regularities, ℱ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal F} }}-abundant and G{\mathcal{G}}-abundant elements and left and right magnifying elements in TE∗(X){T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X). More specifically, we first obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions under which ℒ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }} (respectively, ℒ∗{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}}^{\ast }, ℒ˜\widetilde{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}}, ℛ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}, ℛ∗{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}^{\ast }, and ℛ˜\widetilde{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}) is (left, right) compatible, ℛ=ℛ∗{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}={{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}^{\ast } or ℒ=ℒ˜{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}=\widetilde{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}}. Then, we give the sufficient and necessary conditions such that TE∗(X){T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X) is left regular (respectively, right regular, completely regular, intra-regular, and completely simple). Finally, we characterize the ℱ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal F} }}-abundant (respectively, G{\mathcal{G}}-abundant) and left (respectively, right) magnifying elements in TE∗(X){T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X).

Abstract Terminal drought is one of the major constraints to crop production in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). In order to map drought tolerance related traits at high resolution, we sequenced multi‐parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population using whole genome resequencing approach and phenotyped it under drought stress environments for two consecutive years (2013–14 and 2014–15). A total of 52.02 billion clean reads containing 4.67 TB clean data were generated on the 1136 MAGIC lines and eight parental lines. Alignment of clean data on to the reference genome enabled identification of a total, 932,172 of SNPs, 35,973 insertions, and 35,726 deletions among the parental lines. A high‐density genetic map was constructed using 57,180 SNPs spanning a map distance of 1606.69 cM. Using compressed mixed linear model, genome‐wide association study (GWAS) enabled us to identify 737 markers significantly associated with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, 100 seed weight, biomass, and harvest index. In addition to the GWAS approach, an identity‐by‐descent (IBD)‐based mixed model approach was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The IBD‐based mixed model approach detected major QTLs that were comparable to those from the GWAS analysis as well as some exclusive QTLs with smaller effects. The candidate genes like FRIGIDA and CaTIFY4b can be used for enhancing drought tolerance in chickpea. The genomic resources, genetic map, marker‐trait associations, and QTLs identified in the study are valuable resources for the chickpea community for developing climate resilient chickpeas.

The quality of food safety sampling inspection data are a comprehensive reflection of the technical ability, professional competence, and management service level of inspection institutions. It is an important guarantee for the effectiveness of food safety sampling inspection work, and a key factor in doing a good job in verification and disposal work. Market regulatory administrations have strengthened the verification of food sampling inspection data in recent years, which have played a good role in improving the quality of food safety sampling inspection data. However, it was found that some inspection and testing institutions have some problems in sampling, inspection, and report standardization during the data verification process. It will have a certain impact on subsequent regulatory and administrative penalties. This article analyzes common problems in the daily sampling inspection process and proposes some measures to optimize food safety sampling inspection work, wishing to provide reference for food safety supervision and sampling inspection personnel.