Search

Dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA, CaHPO4) is regarded as an orthopedic material due to its ability to match the generation of new bone to the rate of implant resorption without considering the material's mechanical stability. Additionally, magnesium (Mg) is widely recognized for its essential function in bone metabolism, especially during the initial phases of osteogenesis. Therefore, we explored the influences of Mg ions on DCPA powder, in biological responses, and on the enhancement of osteogenic properties. Mg-DCPA powders with varying substitution levels (0, 3, 5, and 7 mol%) were produced using the co-precipitation method. In the in vitro test, precipitates began to develop on the surface of the Mg-DCPA powders after 7 days. These results indicate that Mg ions in the DCPA powder could enhance the generation of a new apatite phase when subjected to physiological fluids on the surface of the powder. In addition, the osteogenic performance of the DCPA powder was improved by adding Mg ions. The most effective magnesium substitution content in the DCPA powder in order to improve its osteogenic potential was approximately 3 mol%. Consequently, this amount of magnesium in the DCPA powder could control the maintaining time in the implantation operation to produce a new apatite phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was introduced into synthetic bilirubin 3α and a PEGylated bilirubin 3α nanoparticle (BX-001N, Brixelle®) was developed for the first time. An in vitro microsomal stability study, in vivo PK studies with intravenous bolus (IV) and subcutaneous injection (SC), and a semi-mass balance study of BX-001N were investigated to evaluate its pharmacokinetic (PK) properties in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using developed liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF/MS). Following IV administration at 10 or 30 mg/kg, BX-001N showed very low clearance (0.33–0.67 mL/min/kg) with predominant distribution in the vascular system (Vd = 51.73–83.02 mL/kg). BX-001N was also very stable in vitro liver microsomal stability study. Following SC administration at 10 or 30 mg/kg, the bioavailability of BX-001N in plasma at 10 mg/kg was around 43% and showed the less dose-proportionality at 30 mg/kg dose. BX-001N was mainly excreted via the urinary pathway (86.59–92.99% of total amount of parent drug in excreta; urine and faeces) not via the biliary one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]