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Any sport can be played from a fantasy sports perspective and fantasy sports participation is increasing. The purpose of this study is to identify reported motivations for fantasy sport participation to inform future research. Using a systematic review methodology, we developed a search strategy, searched nine academic databases in July 2017 and utilized dual independent coding for inclusion. This process identified 21 articles that reported one or more motivations for participating in fantasy sports. For those studies, we report information on the purpose, sample, methods, and motivation-related results. The four motivations reported most often were entertainment, competition, social inter action/camaraderie, and enjoyment/arousal. Other often reported motivations include sports knowledge utilization, love of sports, surveillance (learn about sports), escape, rewards/prizes, vicarious involvement as a manager/general manager, and achievement/self-esteem. Rewards/prizes were not necessarily a strong motivation for participating in season-long fantasy sports leagues. Thus, gambling (with entry fees) on season-long fantasy leagues does not appear to be a primary factor for participation. Because the studies in the review primarily examined motivations for participation in season-long fantasy sports leagues, future research examining motivations for daily fantasy sports (DFS) participation is warranted., In fantasy sports, participants select (via a draft or auction) a team of 'active real life' players that comprise their fantasy team. That team competes against others in their league [...]

In 2008, the US Preventive Services Task Force updated its recommendations to discourage screening for prostate cancer in men over 75 and for colorectal cancer in adults over 85. We aimed to determine whether newspapers portrayed these screenings differently after these recommendation changes. A quantitative content analysis included articles on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing or colonoscopy in US newspapers from 2005 to 2012. Outcomes included the number of benefits and harms mentioned and the gist expert and lay readers might get from articles. Benefits in PSA articles (n = 222) and harms and benefits in colonoscopy articles (n = 65) did not change over time. Mentions of PSA harms increased after 2008 (p < .01). Expected expert gist of PSA articles became more negative after 2008 (p < .01). Expected lay gist was positive and did not change. News coverage of PSA testing harms increased without a decrease in the discussion of benefits. Consumers, especially lay consumers, are receiving unbalanced information on cancer screening. Keywords Cancer screening * Media * Prostate-specific antigen test * Colonoscopy * Newspaper article, Introduction Cancer screening recommendations have changed substantially in recent years. In 2008, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) changed its recommendations on prostate cancer screening. While they again concluded [...]