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1. Immunology

Author

De Guise, Sylvain, primary, Levin, Milton, additional, Romano, Tracy A., additional, and Thompson, Laura A., additional

Published
2024
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2. Contributors

Author

Adamczak, Stephanie K., primary, Adams, Danielle S., additional, Atkinson, Shannon, additional, Blawas, Ashley M., additional, Chris McKnight, J., additional, Cook, Peter F., additional, Costa, Daniel P., additional, Cozzi, Bruno, additional, Davis, Randall W., additional, De Guise, Sylvain, additional, Dujic, Zeljko, additional, Fahlman, Andreas, additional, Favilla, Arina B., additional, Fish, Frank E., additional, Gough, William T., additional, Hanke, Frederike D., additional, Hooker, Sascha K., additional, Huggenberger, Stefan, additional, Janik, Vincent M., additional, Kooyman, Gerald L., additional, Levin, Milton, additional, McDonald, Birgitte I., additional, Mooney, T. Aran, additional, Ortiz, Rudy M., additional, Patrician, Alexander, additional, Piscitelli-Doshkov, Marina, additional, Ponganis, Paul J., additional, Romano, Tracy A., additional, Somarelli, Jason A., additional, Suzuki, Miwa, additional, Thompson, Laura A., additional, Wells, Randall S., additional, and Williams, Terrie M., additional

Published
2024
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6. Current state of knowledge on biological effects from contaminants on arctic wildlife and fish

Author

Dietz, Rune, Letcher, Robert J., Desforges, Jean-Pierre, Eulaers, Igor, Sonne, Christian, Wilson, Simon, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie, Basu, Niladri, Barst, Benjamin D., Bustnes, Jan Ove, Bytingsvik, Jenny, Ciesielski, Tomasz M., Drevnick, Paul E., Gabrielsen, Geir W., Haarr, Ane, Hylland, Ketil, Jenssen, Bjørn Munro, Levin, Milton, McKinney, Melissa A., Nørregaard, Rasmus Dyrmose, Pedersen, Kathrine E., Provencher, Jennifer, Styrishave, Bjarne, Tartu, Sabrina, Aars, Jon, Ackerman, Joshua T., Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu, Barrett, Rob, Bignert, Anders, Born, Erik W., Branigan, Marsha, Braune, Birgit, Bryan, Colleen E., Dam, Maria, Eagles-Smith, Collin A., Evans, Marlene, Evans, Thomas J., Fisk, Aaron T., Gamberg, Mary, Gustavson, Kim, Hartman, C. Alex, Helander, Björn, Herzog, Mark P., Hoekstra, Paul F., Houde, Magali, Hoydal, Katrin, Jackson, Allyson K., Kucklick, John, Lie, Elisabeth, Loseto, Lisa, Mallory, Mark L., Miljeteig, Cecilie, Mosbech, Anders, Muir, Derek C.G., Nielsen, Sanna Túni, Peacock, Elizabeth, Pedro, Sara, Peterson, Sarah H., Polder, Anuschka, Rigét, Frank F., Roach, Pat, Saunes, Halvor, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Skaare, Janneche U., Søndergaard, Jens, Stenson, Garry, Stern, Gary, Treu, Gabriele, Schuur, Stacy S., and Víkingsson, Gísli

Published
2019
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9. Predicting global killer whale population collapse from PCB pollution

Author

Desforges, Jean-Pierre, Hall, Ailsa, McConnell, Bernie, Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu, Barber, Jonathan L., Brownlow, Andrew, De Guise, Sylvain, Eulaers, Igor, Jepson, Paul D., Letcher, Robert J., Levin, Milton, Ross, Peter S., Samarra, Filipa, Víkingson, Gísli, Sonne, Christian, and Dietz, Rune

Published
2018

15. Suburban Population of Bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Connecticut, USA, Tested Negative for SARS-CoV-2, November 2021–February 2022.

Author

Sims, Maureen, Helal, Zeinab, Levin, Milton, Rittenhouse, Tracy, Hawley, Jason, and Risatti, Guillermo R.

Abstract

A SARS-CoV-2 genomic and serologic survey was performed in a population of bobcats (Lynx rufus) inhabiting the state of Connecticut, USA. Wild animal populations are becoming established in densely populated cities with increased likelihood of direct or indirect contact with humans, as well as with household cats and dogs. Wild-caught bobcats (n=38) tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and for virus-neutralizing antibodies by ELISA, suggesting that either the species is not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 or that the surveyed population has not yet been exposed to a source of infectious virus. However, this limited survey cannot rule out that human-to-bobcat or unknown reservoir-to-bobcat transmission of the virus occurs in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. List of Contributors

Author

Arbelo, Manuel, primary, Baini, Matteo, additional, Barber, Jonathan L., additional, Barnett, James, additional, Baulch, Sarah, additional, Borrell, Asunción, additional, Brownlow, Andrew, additional, Centelleghe, Cinzia, additional, Collier, Tracy K., additional, Cristina Fossi, Maria, additional, Das, Krishna, additional, Davison, Nicholas J., additional, Deaville, Robert, additional, Desforges, Jean-Pierre, additional, Di Guardo, Giovanni, additional, Dietz, Rune, additional, Emin-Lima, Renata, additional, Fair, Patricia A., additional, Fernandez, Antonio, additional, Godard-Codding, Céline A.J., additional, Hauser-Davis, Rachel A., additional, Houde, Magali, additional, Jepson, Paul D., additional, Jiménez, Begoña, additional, José Alava, Juan, additional, Kehrig, Helena A., additional, Lavandier, Ricardo, additional, Law, Robin J., additional, Lehnert, Kristina, additional, Lemos, Leila S., additional, Levin, Milton, additional, M. Bengtson Nash, Susan, additional, M. Jenssen, Bjørn, additional, Mancia, Annalaura, additional, Marsh, Helene, additional, Marsili, Letizia, additional, Mazzariol, Sandro, additional, McHuron, Elizabeth A., additional, Moreira, Isabel, additional, Moura, Jailson F., additional, Murphy, Sinéad, additional, O’Hara, Todd M., additional, O’Shea, Thomas J., additional, P. Simmonds, Mark, additional, Panti, Cristina, additional, Penrose, Rod, additional, Perkins, Matthew W., additional, Peterson, Sarah H., additional, Quinete, Natalia S., additional, Ross, Peter S., additional, Routti, Heli, additional, Siciliano, Salvatore, additional, Siebert, Ursula, additional, Sierra, Eva, additional, Sonne, Christian, additional, Takeuchi, Noel Y., additional, Tartu, Sabrina, additional, Tavares, Davi C., additional, and Weijs, Liesbeth, additional

Published
2018
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22. Insights on Immune Function in Free-Ranging Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas) with and without Fibropapillomatosis

Author

Perrault, Justin R., primary, Levin, Milton, additional, Mott, Cody R., additional, Bovery, Caitlin M., additional, Bresette, Michael J., additional, Chabot, Ryan M., additional, Gregory, Christopher R., additional, Guertin, Jeffrey R., additional, Hirsch, Sarah E., additional, Ritchie, Branson W., additional, Weege, Steven T., additional, Welsh, Ryan C., additional, Witherington, Blair E., additional, and Page-Karjian, Annie, additional

Published
2021
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28. Response to L. Witting: PCBs still a major risk for global killer whale populations

Author

Desforges, Jean-Pierre, primary, Hall, Ailsa, additional, McConnell, Bernie, additional, Rosing Asvid, Aqqalu, additional, Barber, Jonathan L., additional, Brownlow, Andrew, additional, De Guise, Sylvain, additional, Eulaers, Igor, additional, Jepson, Paul D., additional, Letcher, Robert J., additional, Levin, Milton, additional, Ross, Peter S., additional, Sonne, Christian, additional, and Dietz, Rune, additional

Published
2019
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30. Long‐Term Immunological Alterations in Bottlenose Dolphin a Decade after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Potential for Multigenerational Effects.

Author

De Guise, Sylvain, Levin, Milton, Jasperse, Lindsay, Herrman, Jean, Wells, Randall S., Rowles, Teresa, and Schwacke, Lori

Subjects
*BOTTLENOSE dolphin, *OIL spills, *SUPPRESSOR cells
Abstract

Health assessments were conducted on bottlenose dolphins in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA, during 2011 to 2018, to assess potential health effects following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, compared to the unoiled Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA, reference dolphin population. We previously reported significant increases in T‐lymphocyte proliferation, as well as lower T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines, higher Th2 cytokine IL‐4, and lower T regulatory (Treg) cytokine IL‐10 in Barataria Bay in 2011 compared to Sarasota Bay, consistent with Deepwater Horizon oil exposure. Although values between 2013 and 2016 were more similar to those observed in Sarasota Bay, T‐cell proliferation was again elevated and cytokine balance tilted toward Th2 in Barataria Bay during 2017–2018. In 2018, Barataria Bay dolphins had significantly more circulating Treg cells than Sarasota Bay dolphins. Mice experimentally exposed to oil also had significantly increased T‐lymphocyte proliferation and circulating Treg cell number, including effects in their unexposed progeny. In vitro stimulation resulted in greater Th2 responsiveness in Barataria Bay compared to Sarasota Bay dolphins, and in vitro oil exposure of Sarasota Bay dolphin cells also resulted in enhanced Th2 responsiveness. Evidence points to Treg cells as a potential target for the immunomodulatory effects of oil exposure. The immunological trends observed in Barataria Bay appeared exaggerated in dolphins born after the spill, suggesting the possibility of continued oil exposure or multigenerational health consequences of exposure to oil, as observed in mice. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1308–1321. © 2021 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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33. Effects of Polar Bear and Killer Whale Derived Contaminant Cocktails on Marine Mammal Immunity

Author

Desforges, Jean-Pierre, primary, Levin, Milton, additional, Jasperse, Lindsay, additional, De Guise, Sylvain, additional, Eulaers, Igor, additional, Letcher, Robert J., additional, Acquarone, Mario, additional, Nordøy, Erling, additional, Folkow, Lars P., additional, Hammer Jensen, Trine, additional, Grøndahl, Carsten, additional, Bertelsen, Mads F., additional, St. Leger, Judy, additional, Almunia, Javier, additional, Sonne, Christian, additional, and Dietz, Rune, additional

Published
2017
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36. Prevalence of influenza A virus in live-captured North Atlantic gray seals: a possible wild reservoir

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Division of Comparative Medicine, Puryear, Wendy, Hill, Nichola, Davis, Kimberly Ryan, Bandoro, Christopher, Runstadler, Jonathan, Keogh, Mandy, Moxley, Jerry, Josephson, Elizabeth, Lidgard, Damian, Bogomolni, Andrea, Levin, Milton, Lang, Shelley, Hammill, Michael, Bowen, Don, Johnston, David W, Romano, Tracy, Waring, Gordon, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Division of Comparative Medicine, Puryear, Wendy, Hill, Nichola, Davis, Kimberly Ryan, Bandoro, Christopher, Runstadler, Jonathan, Keogh, Mandy, Moxley, Jerry, Josephson, Elizabeth, Lidgard, Damian, Bogomolni, Andrea, Levin, Milton, Lang, Shelley, Hammill, Michael, Bowen, Don, Johnston, David W, Romano, Tracy, and Waring, Gordon

Abstract

Influenza A virus (IAV) has been associated with multiple unusual mortality events (UMEs) in North Atlantic pinnipeds, frequently attributed to spillover of virus from wild-bird reservoirs. To determine if endemic infection persists outside of UMEs, we undertook a multiyear investigation of IAV in healthy, live-captured Northwest Atlantic gray seals (Halichoerus grypus). From 2013 to 2015, we sampled 345 pups and 57 adults from Cape Cod, MA, USA and Nova Scotia, Canada consistently detecting IAV infection across all groups. There was an overall viral prevalence of 9.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4%–12.5%) in weaned pups and 5.3% (CI: 1.2%–14.6%) in adults, with seroprevalences of 19.3% (CI: 15.0%–24.5%) and 50% (CI: 33.7%–66.4%), respectively. Positive sera showed a broad reactivity to diverse influenza subtypes. IAV status did not correlate with measures of animal health nor impact animal movement or foraging. This study demonstrated that Northwest Atlantic gray seals are both permissive to and tolerant of diverse IAV, possibly representing an endemically infected wild reservoir population., National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sea Grant College Program (Project 2013-DOH- 45-LEV), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, United States. National Marine Fisheries Service (Grants NMFS #17670-01, NMFS #10080-95 and FWS #53514-13003), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S). Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance Program (Grant HHSN272201400008C)

Published
2017

37. Prevalence of influenza A virus in live-captured North Atlantic gray seals : a possible wild reservoir

Author

Puryear, Wendy Blay, Keogh, Mandy, Hill, Nichola, Moxley, Jerry, Josephson, Elizabeth, Davis, Kimberly Ryan, Bandoro, Christopher, Lidgard, Damian, Bogomolni, Andrea L., Levin, Milton, Lang, Shelley, Hammill, Michael, Bowen, Don, Johnston, David W., Romano, Tracy, Waring, Gordon T., Runstadler, Jonathan, Puryear, Wendy Blay, Keogh, Mandy, Hill, Nichola, Moxley, Jerry, Josephson, Elizabeth, Davis, Kimberly Ryan, Bandoro, Christopher, Lidgard, Damian, Bogomolni, Andrea L., Levin, Milton, Lang, Shelley, Hammill, Michael, Bowen, Don, Johnston, David W., Romano, Tracy, Waring, Gordon T., and Runstadler, Jonathan

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Emerging Microbes and Infections 5 (2016): e81, doi:10.1038/emi.2016.77., Influenza A virus (IAV) has been associated with multiple unusual mortality events (UMEs) in North Atlantic pinnipeds, frequently attributed to spillover of virus from wild-bird reservoirs. To determine if endemic infection persists outside of UMEs, we undertook a multiyear investigation of IAV in healthy, live-captured Northwest Atlantic gray seals (Halichoerus grypus). From 2013 to 2015, we sampled 345 pups and 57 adults from Cape Cod, MA, USA and Nova Scotia, Canada consistently detecting IAV infection across all groups. There was an overall viral prevalence of 9.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4%–12.5%) in weaned pups and 5.3% (CI: 1.2%–14.6%) in adults, with seroprevalences of 19.3% (CI: 15.0%–24.5%) and 50% (CI: 33.7%–66.4%), respectively. Positive sera showed a broad reactivity to diverse influenza subtypes. IAV status did not correlate with measures of animal health nor impact animal movement or foraging. This study demonstrated that Northwest Atlantic gray seals are both permissive to and tolerant of diverse IAV, possibly representing an endemically infected wild reservoir population., This work was supported in part by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) HHSN272201400008C, MIT Sea Grant Project 2013-DOH-45-LEV, National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), NMFS #17670-01, NMFS #10080-95 and FWS #53514-13003.

Published
2016

38. Prevalence of influenza A virus in live-captured North Atlantic gray seals: a possible wild reservoir

Author

Puryear, Wendy Blay, primary, Keogh, Mandy, additional, Hill, Nichola, additional, Moxley, Jerry, additional, Josephson, Elizabeth, additional, Davis, Kimberly Ryan, additional, Bandoro, Chistopher, additional, Lidgard, Damian, additional, Bogomolni, Andrea, additional, Levin, Milton, additional, Lang, Shelley, additional, Hammill, Michael, additional, Bowen, Don, additional, Johnston, David W, additional, Romano, Tracy, additional, Waring, Gordon, additional, and Runstadler, Jonathan, additional

Published
2016
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