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Abstract: The current study evaluated antioxidant activity of Dracocephalum rupestre Hance, characterized by the polyphenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from D. rupestre and investigated the protective mechanisms of EAF in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced hepatic injury. EAF showed the largest antioxidant capacity as demonstrated by DPPH, ABTS, OH, and FRAP assays (p ≤ .05). Using LC–MS, two polyphenolics, for example, rosmarinic acid, and eriodictyol were identified in EAF. Total phenol content of D. rupestre was correlated significantly with FRAP value (r = .999, p ≤ .001). The results also showed that EAF decreased serum ALT and AST activities compared with model group, as well as the histological findings. In addition, EAF remarkably decreased MDA and LDH levels in liver. This is the first time to reveal the hepatoprotective effect of EAF from D. rupestre, which may be developed as a new drug for treatment of liver injury in future. Practical applications: Dracocephalum rupestre Hance is known as Chinese herbal medicine with pharmacological functions of antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and has been mainly used in the treatment of damp‐heat, headache, fever, jaundice, hepatitis, liver toxicity, and other diseases. In order to detect the potential application of this plant, the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of D. rupestre were investigated. It was found that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from D. rupestre displayed strong antioxidant activity. We also demonstrate that EAF could lessen CCl4‐induced acute liver injury in mice. Also, rosmarinic acid may play an important role in the antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect for EAF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban landscape has the characteristics of spatial heterogeneity. Because the expansion process of urban constructive or ecological land has different resistance values, the land unit stimulates and promotes the expansion of ecological land with different intensity. To compare the effect of promoting and hindering functions in the same land unit, we firstly compared the minimum cumulative resistance value of promoting and hindering functions, and then looked for the balance of two landscape processes under the same standard. According to the ecology principle of minimum limit factor, taking the minimum cumulative resistance analysis method under two expansion processes as the evaluation method of urban land ecological suitability, this research took Zhuhai City as the study area to estimate urban ecological suitability by relative evaluation method with remote sensing image, field survey, and statistics data. With the support of ArcGIS, five types of indicators on landscape types, ecological value, soil erosion sensitivity, sensitivity of geological disasters, and ecological function were selected as input parameters in the minimum cumulative resistance model to compute urban ecological suitability. The results showed that the ecological suitability of the whole Zhuhai City was divided into five levels: constructive expansion prohibited zone (10.1%), constructive expansion restricted zone (32.9%), key construction zone (36.3%), priority development zone (2.3%), and basic cropland (18.4%). Ecological suitability of the central area of Zhuhai City was divided into four levels: constructive expansion prohibited zone (11.6%), constructive expansion restricted zone (25.6%), key construction zone (52.4%), priority development zone (10.4%). Finally, we put forward the sustainable development framework of Zhuhai City according to the research conclusion. On one hand, the government should strictly control the development of the urban center area. On the other hand, the secondary urban center area such as Junchang and Doumen need improve the public infrastructure to relieve the imbalance between eastern and western development in Zhuhai City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine (nab-TPC) with gemcitabine and cisplatin as an alternative first line treatment option for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma., Design: Phase 3, open label, multicentre, randomised trial., Setting: Four hospitals located in China between September 2019 and August 2022., Participants: Adults (≥18 years) with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma., Interventions: Patients were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to treatment with either nab-paclitaxel (200 g/m 2 on day 1), cisplatin (60 mg/m 2 on day 1), and capecitabine (1000 mg/m 2 twice on days 1-14) or gemcitabine (1 g/m 2 on days 1 and 8) and cisplatin (80 mg/m 2 on day 1)., Main Outcome Measures: Progression-free survival was evaluated by the independent review committee as the primary endpoint in the intention-to-treat population., Results: The median follow-up was 15.8 months in the prespecified interim analysis (31 October 2022). As assessed by the independent review committee, the median progression-free survival was 11.3 (95% confidence interval 9.7 to 12.9) months in the nab-TPC cohort compared with 7.7 (6.5 to 9.0) months in the gemcitabine and cisplatin cohort. The hazard ratio was 0.43 (95% confidence interval 0.25 to 0.73; P=0.002). The objective response rate in the nab-TPC cohort was 83% (34/41) versus 63% (25/40) in the gemcitabine and cisplatin cohort (P=0.05), and the duration of response was 10.8 months in the nab-TPC cohort compared with 6.9 months in the gemcitabine and cisplatin cohort (P=0.009). Treatment related grade 3 or 4 adverse events, including leukopenia (4/41 (10%) v 13/40 (33%); P=0.02), neutropenia (6/41 (15%) v 16/40 (40%); P=0.01), and anaemia (1/41 (2%) v 8/40 (20%); P=0.01), were higher in the gemcitabine and cisplatin cohort than in the nab-TPC cohort. No deaths related to treatment occurred in either treatment group. Survival and long term toxicity are still being evaluated with longer follow-up., Conclusion: The nab-TPC regimen showed a superior antitumoural efficacy and favourable safety profile compared with gemcitabine and cisplatin for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nab-TPC should be considered the standard first line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Longer follow-up is needed to confirm the benefits for overall survival., Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900027112., Competing Interests: Competing interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/disclosure-of-interest/ and declare: support from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, CPSF, and Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

The p-arsanilic acid (ASA) is an important organoarsenical compound and its removal is more difficult compared to inorganic arsenic, however, little attention has been paid to the removal of ASA in aqueous environment. The influence of P25 on the adsorption of ASA, effect of P25 dosage, pH and illumination intensity on the photo-catalysis, the production analysis and main mechanism of photo-degradation were investigated in this study. The results showed that in the P25 catalysis process, simulated natural light could degrade ASA into As (V) by oxidation. The total As was reduced to about 0.34 mg x L(-1) within 0.5 h under the following condition: the initial concentration of ASA was 2 mg x L(-1) and the dosage of TiO2 was 1 g x L(-1). The result showed that the removal rate of ASA in acidic conditions was much higher than that in alkaline conditions. The optimal strength of light was 68.5 mW x Cm(-2). Hydroxide radical played a major role in photocatalytic oxidation of ASA by P25.

Urban landscape has the characteristics of spatial heterogeneity. Because the expansion process of urban constructive or ecological land has different resistance values, the land unit stimulates and promotes the expansion of ecological land with different intensity. To compare the effect of promoting and hindering functions in the same land unit, we firstly compared the minimum cumulative resistance value of promoting and hindering functions, and then looked for the balance of two landscape processes under the same standard. According to the ecology principle of minimum limit factor, taking the minimum cumulative resistance analysis method under two expansion processes as the evaluation method of urban land ecological suitability, this research took Zhuhai City as the study area to estimate urban ecological suitability by relative evaluation method with remote sensing image, field survey, and statistics data. With the support of ArcGIS, five types of indicators on landscape types, ecological value, soil erosion sensitivity, sensitivity of geological disasters, and ecological function were selected as input parameters in the minimum cumulative resistance model to compute urban ecological suitability. The results showed that the ecological suitability of the whole Zhuhai City was divided into five levels: constructive expansion prohibited zone (10.1%), constructive expansion restricted zone (32.9%), key construction zone (36.3%), priority development zone (2.3%), and basic cropland (18.4%). Ecological suitability of the central area of Zhuhai City was divided into four levels: constructive expansion prohibited zone (11.6%), constructive expansion restricted zone (25.6%), key construction zone (52.4%), priority development zone (10.4%). Finally, we put forward the sustainable development framework of Zhuhai City according to the research conclusion. On one hand, the government should strictly control the development of the urban center area. On the other hand, the secondary urban center area such as Junchang and Doumen need improve the public infrastructure to relieve the imbalance between eastern and western development in Zhuhai City.