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Simple Summary: Defatting can be performed mechanically by cutting the frozen insect larvae and then pressing them to enable the leakage of intracellular fat, or chemically using petroleum ether extraction of the insect meal. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different defatting methods of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFM) on the metabolic energy and nutrient digestibility in laying hens. The results show that both defatting methods of BSFM had no adverse effects on the metabolic energy and nutrient digestibility in young laying hens, but pressed black soldier fly meal (BSFMp) demonstrated better effects on the digestibility of metabolic energy and nutrients in the feed for young laying hens. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different defatting methods of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFM) on the metabolic energy and nutrient digestibility in laying hens. Sixty young laying hens (Hy-Line W-36) aged 63 days were randomly divided into two groups (G1 and G2), each with five replicates of six hens housed in individual cages. Group G1 was fed 25% pressed black soldier fly meal (BSFMp) and 75% basal diet, and Group G2 was fed 25% extracted black soldier fly meal (BSFMe) and a 75% basal diet. Both diets included 5 g/kg chromium oxide as an external marker. A 7-day preliminary trial was followed by a 4-day experimental period. The results indicate that pressing and extracting significantly affected the digestibility of crude fat and total energy in BSFM, with BSFMp showing significantly higher crude fat digestibility than BSFMe. Similarly, total energy digestibility was also significantly higher in BSFMp. However, there were no significant differences in dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestibility between the two processing methods. The apparent metabolic energy values of BSFMp and BSFMe were 16.34 and 12.41 MJ/kg, respectively, showing a significant difference. The nitrogen-corrected metabolic energy values were 15.89 MJ/kg in BSFMp and 11.93 MJ/kg in BSFMe, indicating a highly significant difference. The digestibility of arginine and leucine in BSFMp was significantly higher than in BSFMe, while differences in lysine, cystine, threonine, tryptophan, and isoleucine were not significant. In conclusion, both defatting methods of BSFM had no adverse effects on the metabolic energy and nutrient digestibility in young laying hens, but BSFMp demonstrated better effects on the digestibility of metabolic energy and nutrients in the feed for young laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the risk factors for short-term outcomes, focusing particularly on the associations among molecular subgroups. The analysis focused on the data of pediatric patients with medulloblastoma between 2013 and 2023, as well as operative complications, length of stay from surgery to adjuvant treatment, 30-day unplanned reoperation, unplanned readmission, and mortality. 148 patients were included. Patients with the SHH TP53-wildtype exhibited a lower incidence of complications (45.2% vs. 66.0%, odds ratio [OR] 0.358, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.160 − 0.802). Female sex (0.437, 0.207 − 0.919) was identified as an independent protective factor for complications, and brainstem involvement (1.900, 1.297 − 2.784) was identified as a risk factor. Surgical time was associated with an increased risk of complications (1.004, 1.001 − 1.008), duration of hospitalization (1.006, 1.003 − 1.010), and reoperation (1.003, 1.001 − 1.006). Age was found to be a predictor of improved outcomes, as each additional year was associated with a 14.1% decrease in the likelihood of experiencing a prolonged length of stay (0.859, 0.772 − 0.956). Patients without metastasis exhibited a reduced risk of reoperation (0.322, 0.133 − 0.784) and readmission (0.208, 0.074 − 0.581). There is a significant degree of variability in the occurrence of operative complications in pediatric patients with medulloblastoma. SHH TP53-wildtype medulloblastoma is commonly correlated with a decreased incidence of complications. The short-term outcomes of patients are influenced by various unmodifiable endogenous factors. These findings could enhance the knowledge of onconeurosurgeons and alleviate the challenges associated with patient/parent education through personalized risk communication. However, the importance of a dedicated center with expertise surgical team and experienced neurosurgeon in improving neurosurgical outcomes appears self-evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the problem that the friction power loss of the deep groove ball bearing will directly affect the transmission efficiency of the gearbox,the composition of the friction torque of deep groove ball bearing under quasi-static condition is analyzed. By changing the size of the bearing clearance to reduce the friction power loss is also proposed and a bench test to explore the influence of the bearing clearance on the transmission efficiency of the gearbox is designed. Finally,the experiments of the whole vehicle taxiing resistance and fuel consumption are verified. The result shows that properly increasing the bearing clearance can reduce the friction power loss of deep groove ball bearing and improve transmission efficiency,it also can increase the vehicle taxi distance and reduce the vehicle fuel consumption. This study provides a reference for the selection of bearing clearance of gearbox.