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With the increase in population at an immense rate, electricity demand is growing exponentially. Researchers and policymakers are seeking alternating means of power generation to meet the load demand. These resources should be cost-effective, environmentally friendly and least carbon emissions. To mitigate the load demand Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are integrated into electrical networks. In this work, an off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) system is designed for rural areas of Dera Ghazi Khan (DG Khan), Pakistan. These areas often lack access to reliable grid power. Installing PV systems in these areas can help provide a reliable source of electricity, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and improve living conditions. This case study is simulated using PVsyst 7.2. of Roonghan village such as hospitals, shops, and residential houses for techno-economic analysis of off-grid solar PV. The economic viability shows that installing off-grid solar PV in DG Khan is much cheaper. The electricity taken from the grid that's almost 80.01%is expensive. This case study helps other researchers and policymakers to mitigate the electricity requirement of remote areas located far away from the national grid. To install a transmission line, having cost $26.98 corer but using an off-grid to provide electricity to the same area is $2.16 corer. Additionally, it integrates Battery Energy Storage (BES) with Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to achieve a 5 % annual energy cost reduction and enhanced self-sufficiency, filling a gap in existing literature.

This paper addresses the issue of enhancing the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability of doubly-fed wind farms during asymmetric faults. This research is of critical importance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid and the sustainable development of wind power technology. Given the stricter LVRT requirements set by the latest national standards in China, existing schemes are insufficient to meet these challenges. This paper first analyzes the control performance of the rotor side converter under asymmetric fault conditions. Based on national standard requirements, the availability of STATCOM, optimized operation targets, and converter voltage and current limitations, an optimized LVRT scheme is proposed. Validation through PSCAD simulations demonstrates that the proposed scheme effectively meets the national LVRT operation requirements. It also shows significant advantages in reducing electromagnetic torque fluctuations, enhancing active power output, protecting converters, and mitigating power fluctuations during faults. The innovation of this research lies in proposing a multi-target coordinated LVRT strategy, providing a new technical approach for improving the LVRT performance of wind farms and the stability of power grid operation.

Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. In the present study, we genotyped three single-nucleotide polymorphisms, namely, rs2232365, rs3761548, and rs3761549, to determine the relationship between FOXP3 polymorphisms and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) susceptibility among the Northern Chinese Han population.

Several anti‑Aβ monoclonal antibody drugs have been approved for clinical use at home and abroad recently. In order to facilitate its safe and effective treatment of anti‑Aβ monoclonal antibody drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in China, we present recommendations for the clinical use of anti‑Aβ monoclonal antibody drugs based on existing clinical trials and the clinical practice of AD treatment with Aducanumab at Ruijin Hospital Hainan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. The recommendations include clinical indications, pre ‑ medication assessment and preparation, medication instructions and precautions, as well as post ‑ medication clinical monitoring, which is aimed to furnish clinicians with comprehensive medication guidance.

Glioma is a highly malignant brain tumor with a grim prognosis. Genetic factors play a role in glioma development. While some susceptibility loci associated with glioma have been identified, the risk loci associated with prognosis have received less attention. This study aims to identify risk loci associated with glioma prognosis and establish a prognostic prediction model for glioma patients in the Chinese Han population.

Electron spin resonance spectroscopy(ESR) was used to investigate the effects of hydrogen ion concentration and hydroxide concentration in perchloric acid system and sodium hydroxide system on the state and behavior of free radicals generated by hydrazine bond breaking catalyzed by catalysts. The difference of free radicals generated by Pt/SiO2 catalyzed hydrazine decomposition in acid-base system was determined. The results show that in the alkaline system, with the increase of hydroxide concentration, the N-H bond breaking rate increases significantly, and the hydrolysis reaction is the main decomposition reaction. In acidic systems, with the increase of hydrogen ion concentration in the pH range from 6.9 to 1.1, the N-N bond breaking rate increases rapidly and is much higher than the N-H bond breaking rate. In the range of pH

Conventional static radiative coolers have an unadjustable cooling capacity, which often results in overcooling in low temperature environment. Therefore, there is a great need for an adaptive dynamic radiative cooler. However, such adaptive coolers usually require complex preparation processes. This paper proposes an adaptive radiative cooler based on a Fabry–Perot resonant cavity. By optimizing the structural parameters of the radiative cooler, this adaptive radiative cooler achieves a modulation rate of 0.909 in the atmospheric window band. The net radiative cooling performance difference between low and high temperatures is nearly eight times. Meanwhile, the device is easily prepared, has a high tolerance, and can effectively prevent W–VO2 oxidation. This study provides new insights into adaptive radiative cooling with potential for large-scale applications.

The heading reversal of air-to-air missile is designed based on relaxed static stability and aerodynamic torque generated by static instability of air-to-air missile, and the kinematic sign is proposed. The slender body theory and the viscous crossflow theory are used to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics involved in the redirection of air-to-air missile. The slender body is assumed to be incapable of achieving the proposed kinematic sign of completing redirection, and it is necessary to increase control techniques such as aerodynamic rudder surface or direct force. The aerodynamic characteristics of a fin-body configuration are obtained for the angle of attack from 0° to 180°, and the trajectory and attitude of air-to-air missile during the process of heading reversal are calculated. The results show that the heading reversal is finished in 1.15 s, and the process of redirection is safe, quick and stable. Finally, some key technologies are discussed in the process of heading reversal.

The concentration, complexity, and significant anisotropy of in-situ stress make it a pressing and challenging issue in engineering geology safety in strong tectonic activity areas. This paper firstly analyzes the application and existing problems of in-situ stress measurement in deep-buried underground engineering in strong tectonic activity areas. Then, it focuses on the application method, technology, and roles of real-time in-situ stress monitoring in deep underground engineering within tectonically active regions. Finally, it discusses the problems that need to be considered in the application of in-situ stress measurement and real-time monitoring. The results show that in the strong tectonic activity area, relying solely on limited deep hole in-situ stress measurements to determine overall stress design parameters for deep underground engineering is inadequate. A comprehensive study of the three-dimensional in-situ stress field is necessary to reveal its spatial distribution characteristics. Different in-situ stress design parameters should be used for different positions of the deep-buried underground project to avoid engineering waste or engineering damages caused by large or small in-situ stress design parameters. In the strong tectonic activity area, the disk core density is inversely proportional to the measured magnitude of the in-situ stress, and the depth range that has yet to form in the cake-shaped core often has the highest in-situ stress and the most concentrated stress, and the deep underground engineering should avoid this depth range. While a major earthquake or major engineering geological problem occurs, real-time monitoring of in-situ stress can dynamically reveal the relative change trend and evolution process of the in-situ stress magnitude of a specific structural site. It can calculate the absolute value of the in-situ stress state in different time domains during the real-time monitoring period without carrying out new absolute in-situ stress measurements. Regional crust stability and deep-buried engineering geological safety risks can be quickly evaluated, and quantitative in-situ stress design parameters and the stress-strain reserved threshold for preventing deformation and breaking can be provided for the damage repair of deep-buried engineering and the risk of fault activity can also be assessed. The research results will offer geological security for the planning, construction, and safe operation and maintenance of major projects in strong tectonic activity areas.

The Chanziping–Daping gold deposit area is located in the southwest section of the Xuefeng arc-shaped structural belt, with mainly NWW-NNW-trending and secondary NNE-trending Au veins. Existing studies proposed the NE-trending faults as the ore-passing and ore-bearing structures and the NW-trending faults as the ore-bearing structures. However, there is no clear and reliable understanding of the nature and age of ore-controlling faults. Given this, the authors carried out detailed field observation and analysis of surface outcrop structures and mineralization alteration, and then combined with regional structural characteristics, tectonic evolutions, and dating data, determined the deformation sequences and their ages in the Chanziping–Daping gold deposit area, and determined the types and attributes of ore-controlling structures. The study suggests that the study area experienced six main deformation events from early to late: Regional NWW compression during the late Silurian which resulted in the NNE-trending folds, slaty cleavages and brittle-ductile shear zones; Regional NNW compression in the late Middle Triassic which caused the formation of NWW-to-NW-trending dextral strike-slip faults and shear fractures, NS-trending sinistral shear fractures, NW- and NNE-trending conjugate shear fractures, NEE-trending thrust faults and superimposed folds; Regional NS compression in the early Late Triassic which led to the development of NW-to-NNW-trending dextral strike-slip faults and shear fractures, NNE-to-NE-trending sinistral shear fractures and faults, and NEE-trending sinistral kinks; Regional NWW-to-near EW-compression in the late Middle Jurassic which resulted in the NS-to-NNE-trending thrust faults, NW-to-NWW-trending sinistral shear fractures, NE-trending dextral thrust shear fracture, NNE-to-near NS-trending fracture cleavages, foliation folds and boudins; Regional NE compression in the middle-late Paleogene which led to the development of NNE-to-NS-trending dextral shear fractures and faults, NEE-trending sinistral shear fractures, NW-trending thrust faults and fracture cleavages; Regional NW compression during the late Paleogene to early Neogene which led to the formation of NE-trending thrust shear fractures and NWW-trending dextral shear fractures. The NNE-trending mineral veins in the study area formed in the late Silurian and the late Late Triassic, and the NWW-to-NNW-trending mineral veins formed in the late Late Triassic. The mineralization in the late Silurian was associated with the tectonic activation caused by the fault movement, and the mineralization in the late Late Triassic was related to large-scale granitic magmatism in the same period. The ore-passing structures are mainly the large NNE-trending faults, namely the brittle-ductile shear zones formed by NWW- compression in the late Silurian. The main ore-bearing structures are the NWW-to-NW-trending dextral strike-slip faults formed by NNW compression in the late Middle Triassic, NW-to-NNW-trending dextral strike-slip faults formed by NS compression in the early Late Triassic, with next NNE-trending brittle-ductile shear zones formed by NWW compression in the late Silurian.

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are a recent category of tobacco products, with their relative safety compared to cigarette smoking and potential to help smokers to quit being two reasons why regulators may consider their market approval. Designed to heat tobacco rather than to burn in order to produce aerosol, different heating techniques are applied to commercial HTPs, which may result in differing aerosol formation. Therefore, each product requires separate assessment. This work focuses on a closed-end HTP (coded as HTP-A), which is electrically heated and designed to allow puffing air flow to bypass its tobacco section, resulting in reduced oxygen concentration within the tobacco section during heating and aerosol forming. To provide a preliminary aerosol chemistry and in vitro toxicological screening, this study assessed HTP-A against a commercial electrically heated HTP (IQOSTM, coded as HTP-B) and a 3R4F reference cigarette. Under Health Canada Intense (HCI) smoking regime, the levels of 9 regulatory priority toxicants in the aerosol of HTP-A were either reduced or comparable to those in HTP-B on a per-stick basis. Additionally, both HTPs showed significant reduction (greater than 90%) in comparison to those measured in mainstream smoke of 3R4F cigarette for these toxicants. Using a set of standard in vitro toxicological assays (Ames, Micronucleus and Neutral Red Uptake), the two HTPs showed no observable responses while significant toxicity responses were recorded for 3R4F’s total particulate matter. Based on these preliminary results, the novel closed-end HTP-A design may provide similar toxicological profiles to the comparator HTP-B. Further toxicological and clinical assessments are warranted to evaluate HTP-A’s potential for exposure or disease risk reduction. [Contrib. Tob. Nicotine Res. 32 (2023) 146–156]

The resource-constrained project scheduling problem is a classic combinatorial optimization problem with a wide range of engineering applications. Since the 1960s, many optimization algorithms have been used to solve this problem, but most intelligent optimization algorithms do not perform well in the whole problem space. Aiming at this challenge, a two-stage evolutionary imperialist competitive algorithm (TSE-ICA) is proposed. Firstly, based on the block extraction strategy obtained by the critical-path method, two assimilation operators are presented for diversification and convergence, respectively. The two-stage evolution framework of TSE-ICA is constructed by selecting appropriate assimilation operators in different stages. Then, the block-based improved revolution mechanism includes two neighborhood search strategies of insertion and out-of-order, and the empire competition mechanism realizes the adaptive adjustment of parameters for each empire by collecting the convergence information of them. Lastly, the memory is used to guide the evolution of the population and improve the convergence rate. The design of experiment technique of Taguchi method is applied to determining the optimal parameter setting for TSE-ICA. In the following numerical experiment, the TSE-ICA is implemented and tested by 3 instance sets (J30, J60 and J120) from the standard instance library of PSPLIB. Moreover, the empirical statistical data of TSE-ICA are compared with 17 advanced state-of-the-art algorithms based on two evaluation criteria. Experimental results show that the TSE-ICA has well optimization performance and convergence efficiency, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed improved mechanism and the problem applicability of the TSE-ICA preliminarily.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the composition and the functional bioactivity of tea polyphenols from cocoa tea. Methods: Chemical components of crude green tea polyphenol extracts from cocoa tea were analyzed and identified using high resolution mass spectrometry. Additionally, their potential functional effects were predicted by network pharmacological analysis. Results: The in vitro hyperglycemic potential of crude green tea polyphenol from cocoa tea was preliminarily confirmed based on their strong inhibition on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Six key targets including GAPDH and AKT and multiple pathways such as PI3K-AKT were predicted to be involved in the underying mechanisms behind the hyperglycemic effects of crude green tea polyphenol from cocoa tea through the GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment analysis. Ten polyphenol components including myricetin, anthocyanin, etc. were suggested to play a key role in the hyperglycemic activities of crude green tea polyphenol from cocoa tea via the construction of a “component-target-pathway” network combined with the molecular docking between these components and starch hydrolase. Conclusion: Crude green tea polyphenols from cocoa tea exerted a high hypoglycemic effect by regulating multi-targets through multi-pathways via multi-components.

Cigarette ventilation characteristics are one of the important design factors that affect the combustion state and therefore smoke release. In order to study the changes of ventilation characteristics and the combustion state of cigarettes with different rod circumferences during smoking, a device was designed that could flexibly measure the different ventilation characteristics along the cigarette rod. The device was utilized to measure the changes of the total ventilation rate and filter ventilation rate of cigarettes with different rod circumference in both burned and unburned conditions. At the same time, a test method was implemented to measure the temperature of the combustion coal puff-by-puff during the smoking process. The relationship between ventilation and the combustion state was analyzed on a per-puff basis. The results show that with the decrease of the rod circumference from 24 mm to 20 mm and 17 mm, the total ventilation rate under burning conditions changed considerably compared with unburned conditions, increasing by 55.7%, 60.5% and 74.5% on average, respectively. The ventilation of the cigarette paper played a major role in regulating the ventilation during puffing. With the increase from 17 mm to 24 mm in circumference, the combustion efficiency of the tobacco decreased as indicated by a range of thermophysical parameters of the burning coal.

The KCl/PHPA waste drilling fluid is produced during drilling operations in Bohai Oilfield, China, which cannot be directly used or discharged, it needs to be flocculated. In order to know the aggregation mechanism of colloidal particles in KCl/PHPA drilling fluid, the calculation method of zeta potential and the relationship between the stability of waste fluid and zeta potential are discussed in detail in this article. The process of decreasing the zeta potential of waste fluid due to the addition of cationic polyacrylamide is called instability. The process in which unstable particles aggregate into larger particles is called coagulation, and the process in which unstable particles aggregate into large flocs is called flocculation. According to the types of treatment agents in KCl/PHPA waste drilling fluid, the structure and energy changes formed between low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, xanthan gum, starch, and water molecules are constructed. The energy of the four treatment agent systems decreased by 21.4–67.5% after the cationic polyacrylamide was added. The reduction of system energy reduced the repulsive force between colloidal particles in the waste fluid and promoted the agglomeration of colloidal particles. The agglomeration mechanism of waste liquid particles was obtained.

BackgroundElement capture logging can be used to determine the elemental contents of rocks in formations.PurposeThis study aims to obtain accurate elemental composition, the content of shale reservoirs and the inaugural parameter well for shale gas in the Cambrian Niutitang Formation of the Baojing Block, located in the Middle Yangtze region of China, with emphasis on the developmental and distributional characteristics of shale gas reservoirs in this formation.MethodsThe shale gas parameter well BY2 was taken as the research object, by interpreting and processing elemental capture logging data, precise elemental compositions of the shale reservoirs were determined. This analysis led to the creation of a comprehensive geochemical index profile for the Niutitang Formation. Additionally, elemental geochemical indicators were used to identify and reconstruct the paleosedimentary environments.ResultsThe analysis results reveal that the predominant elements in the Niutitang Formation's shale are Si, Al, and Fe, accompanied by lower amounts of K, Ca, Mg, and S. The shale features relatively high concentrations of Si, Fe, and S, which contributed to its enhanced fracturing ability. The sedimentation process of this shale can be categorized as active continental margin sedimentation. The source material for the sedimentary rocks is originated from the Kangdian ancient land, located in the northwest. The sedimentation is primarily normal but was influenced by the presence of hydrothermal fluids in the region's active tectonic zone.ConclusionsThe upper section of the Niutitang formation is subject to a dry climate during its depositional period, featuring gentle slope sedimentation at the periphery of a stagnant basin and a lack of oxygen, characterizing with high water salinity, ample land supply, and low water body paleoproductivity this region. Conversely, the lower section is experienced a humid climate and served as a deep-water retention basin, with limited the land supply, but high water salinity and paleoproductivity, leading to the accumulation of organic matter. The aquatic setting is primarily anaerobic, conditions that are conducive to the preservation of organic matter, and provides an optimal sedimentary environment for the generation and concentration of shale gas.

Vandammella animalimorsus is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium typically transmitted to humans through direct contact with the saliva of infected animals, primarily through biting, scratches, or licks on fractured skin. The absence of a confirmed post-exposure treatment of V. animalimorsus bacterium highlights the imperative for developing an effective vaccine. We intended to determine potential vaccine candidates and paradigm a chimeric vaccine against V. animalimorsus by accessible public data analysis of the strain by utilizing reverse vaccinology. By subtractive genomics, five outer membranes were prioritized as potential vaccine candidates out of 2590 proteins. Based on the instability index and transmembrane helices, a multidrug transporter protein with locus ID A0A2A2AHJ4 was designated as a potential candidate for vaccine construct. Sixteen immunodominant epitopes were retrieved by utilizing the Immune Epitope Database. The epitope encodes the strong binding affinity, nonallergenic properties, non-toxicity, high antigenicity scores, and high solubility revealing the more appropriate vaccine construct. By utilizing appropriate linkers and adjuvants alongside a suitable adjuvant molecule, the epitopes were integrated into a chimeric vaccine to enhance immunogenicity, successfully eliciting both adaptive and innate immune responses. Moreover, the promising physicochemical features, the binding confirmation of the vaccine to the major innate immune receptor TLR-4, and molecular dynamics simulations of the designed vaccine have revealed the promising potential of the selected candidate. The integration of computational methods and omics data has demonstrated significant advantages in discovering novel vaccine targets and mitigating vaccine failure rates during clinical trials in recent years.

BackgroundDue to its pollution-free nature and non consumption of fossil fuels, nuclear fusion is the most ideal future energy source. China is preparing to build a China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) with independent intellectual property rights, and plans to build a commercial thermonuclear fusion power plant that can generate electricity externally by the mid-20th century. However, there is contradiction between the instability of nuclear fusion heating power output and the smooth operation of steam turbine generators, hence thermal storage technology is used for peak shaving and valley smoothing of power output in nuclear fusion reactors.PurposeThis study aims to compare heat storage technologies applied to CFETR nuclear fusion power plants to reduce its the peak and valley power output.MethodsThe parameters of helium cooled ceramic breeder cladding in nuclear fusion reactors was selected as the boundary conditions for thermal storage technology. By evaluated the applicable temperature range of thermal storage technology, three potential thermal storage technologies, i.e., chemical heat storage, sensible heat storage technology and phase change heat storage, for CFETR nuclear fusion power plants were preliminarily analyzed, and their costs were preliminarily predicted.ResultsThe three major types of heat storage technologies can all select heat storage media suitable for the temperature parameters of the helium cooled breeder blanket in CFETR nuclear fusion power plants. However, chemical heat storage has the potential to be applied in CFETR nuclear fusion power plants due to the temperature difference between its heat absorption and release, which is not conducive to the stability of the system and causes energy loss. Sensible heat storage technology and phase change heat storage technology have smaller temperature differences between their heat absorption and release. The preliminary economic analysis results show that the cost of phase change heat storage is the lowest, followed by molten salt heat storage, and the use of silicon bricks as the heat storage medium in solid-phase sensible heat storage technology. The use of cast steel as the heat storage medium in solid-phase sensible heat storage technology has the highest cost.ConclusionIn thermal storage technology, molten salt thermal storage technology has a high degree of maturity and has a large number of engineering applications, with a cost between phase change thermal storage and solid-phase sensible thermal storage, and has great potential for application. The cost of phase change heat storage is the lowest, and the parameters are suitable for nuclear fusion power generation. However, its technological maturity is relatively low, and it is expected to become a focus of future research.

This paper reports a case of rare secondary lymphedema with pretibial myxedema, which was diagnosed as secondary lymphedema of both lower extremities by completing a comprehensive examination of the lymphatic system. After partial resection and biopsy were performed on the tumor of the left lower leg, it was initially diagnosed as a fibromyxoid tumor (intermediate type), more likely superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor with myxodegeneration. As the tumor of the left lower leg was rare, after consulting the opinions of some domestic hospitals, and combined with the medical history and hormone treatment effect, our final diagnosis was left anterior tibial myxedema. After more than 10 months of external treatment with halometasone ointment, all nodules became flat, leaving light brown pigmentation spots. This article discusses the differential diagnosis of this disease, with the aim to enhance clinical doctors' understanding of the disease.

The aircraft carrier is the storage and transportation platform of air-to-air missiles, and the carrier aircraft is the launching platform of air-to-air missiles. Air-to-air missile, carrier and aircraft interact with each other, therefore, the research on the suitability of air-to-air missile, carrier and aircraft must be carried out to ensure the safe and reliable use of air-to-air missiles on carrier, reduce the time of support process, and maintain the operational requirements of efficient fire strike. Based on the understanding of the suitability of aircraft-missile and carrier-missile, this paper combs the influencing factors for air-to-air missiles on carrier from three aspects: operational environment suitability, support suitability and safety suitability, and puts forward the design requirements for carrier-missile suitability. The study can provide reference for relevant work.

Fano resonance from photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC) is important building block for large-scale photonic integrated circuits (PICs) to enable photonic switches and sensors with superior characteristics. Nevertheless, most state-of-the-art demonstrations rely on electron beam lithography (EBL) and operate in dielectric mode. Hence, we theoretically, numerically and experimentally present the characteristics of Fano resonance from optical interference between the discrete state of air-mode PCNC and the continuum mode of side-coupled line-defect waveguide with partially transmitting element (PTE) using deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography for the first time. Experimentally high average Q-factor of ∼1.58 × 104 is achieved for 30 measured devices, which indicates the feasibility of mass manufacture of high-Q Fano resonance from air-mode PTE-PCNC. Additionally, the thermo-optic bi-stability and thermal tuning characterizations of the proposed device are discussed. This work will contribute to building ultra-compact lab-on-chip resonance-based photonic components.

Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is a type of low-grade malignant angiosarcoma. It commonly involves the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower extremities, but a few cases have been reported in the gut. However, hepatic RH has not been previously reported. This report presents the case of RH of the liver in a 61-year-old woman who was admitted to the hospital having presented with liver space–occupying lesions of 2 months evolution. The patient underwent an abdominal ultrasound examination, which indicated a hemangioma, but abdominal computed tomography diagnosed a liver abscess. In order to determine the nature of the lesion, an ultrasound-guided liver biopsy was performed, after which a pathological diagnosis confirmed the presence of RH in the liver. The patient underwent ultrasound-guided microwave ablation three times and has been followed up for 8 years with no tumor recurrence or metastasis. Surgical excision is still the first choice for the treatment of hepatic RH. As shown in this case, however, for patients who refuse to undergo surgery or have surgical contraindications, ultrasound-guided microwave ablation is an alternative treatment option. The report of this case expands the scope of liver tumors to a certain extent and provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To compare and validate the efficiency of four models predicting the malignancy of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN). Methods Patients diagnosed with SPN during health check-up were selected as the research subjects. Risk assessment was conducted using four predictive models. Outcomes were obtained through prospective follow-up. Statistical description and univariate analysis were performed for all risk factors of the four models. ROC curve was applied to compare the efficiency of the four predictive models. Results A total of 479 cases were included in this study. Among these patients, 82 were diagnosed with lung tumor, and the malignant rate was 17.12%. Age, nodule diameter, smoking, family history of tumor, history of extrapulmonary tumor ≥5 years, upper lobe site, unclear boundary, and spiculation rates were higher in the malignancy group than those in the benign group (P < 0.05). The efficiency of Brock model was the best. Its AUC was 0.833, sensitivity was 80.49%, and specificity was 74.31%. Its Youden index, positive likelihood ratio, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were the highest, and its negative likelihood ratio was the lowest. The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of Mayo model were 0.815, 81.71%, and 67.51%, respectively; those of PKUPH model were 0.754, 69.51%, and 73.55%, respectively; and those of VA model were 0.738, 68.29%, and 67.55%, respectively. Conclusion The Brock model might be the most appropriate predictive model for the risk assessment of SPN among the health check-up population, and the VA model is the worst. The combination of Brock, Mayo, and PKUPH models requires further study.

Objective To study the epidemiology of mold infections in China. Methods Based on the surveillance data of 19 hospitals participating in the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net from Jan 2019 to Jun 2022, the general information of patients and the epidemiological characteristics such as the proportion of different strains and clinical infection were analyzed by WHONET software. Results A total of 16 285 mold infection cases were included in the analysis, of which 49.3% were patients aged 61 and over, with the median age of 60 years old. The proportion of males was significantly higher than that of females (62.1% vs. 37.9%). The patients were mainly from the internal medicine, ICU and surgical wards. Most strains were isolated from lower respiratory tract, accounting for 81.7%, followed by pus and secretions (7.8%). In terms of species distribution, Aspergillus spp. accounted for the highest proportion (84.8%), with Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., order Mucorales and Sedosporium spp. accounting for 5.1%, 3.0%, 1.3% and 0.4%, respectively. For species distribution among different mold infection, 88.7% of lower respiratory tract mold infections were caused by Aspergillus spp., and Aspergillus fumigatus(47.8%) was the most common species. Otomycosis was mainly caused by Aspergillus spp.(98.7%), of which Aspergillus terreus accounted for 39.7%, and ophthalmomycosis was mainly caused by Fusarium spp.(54.6%). Conclusions By the retrospective analysis of mold isolation from multicenter in China, we found that Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, and Fusarium spp. were the most common species causing pneumonomycosis, otomycosis, and ophthalmomycosis, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the differences in species distribution among different mold infections in clinical empirical treatment of fungal infections.

The countryside contains rich tourism resources and business opportunities due to its beautiful natural scenery and unique humanistic environment. The purpose of this paper is to create an innovative path for rural tourism e-commerce development by designing an e-commerce mobile service platform. The F-PBFT algorithm, hybrid collaborative filtering algorithm, and panoramic VR technology are comprehensively applied to provide technical support for platform design. Combining the analysis of tourists, tourist attractions, and other platform service objects, this paper designs and completes a rural tourism e-commerce mobile service platform containing a variety of functions. Exploring the application case of Battle Flag Village, the net profit margin of e-commerce sales in Battle Flag Village after the application of rural tourism e-commerce mobile service platform can reach up to 47.84%, with a year-on-year increase of 18.88%. At the same time, the platform has attracted the attention of a large number of tourists after its application, and the search volume of Battle Flag Village on the platform reaches up to 241,968.33 during the peak hours of the tour, which significantly enhances the popularity of Battle Flag Village and effectively promotes the innovative development of rural tourism e-commerce business in Battle Flag Village.

In order to improve the teaching quality of the free throw action process in basketball courses, this paper proposes research on the teaching of free throw action by integrating motion vector field transformation. Starting from the actual situation of the player’s free throw action, it describes the problems in the teaching process of free throw action. It elaborates on the structure and principle of the motion vector field transformation algorithm in depth. In video analysis teaching of free-throw shooting action processes, the player’s motion vectors can easily be interfered with by random noise, which needs to be optimized using smoothing processing and compensation models. Combined with the teaching objectives of free throw action, the design and development of the “basketball free throw action” microteaching by integrating the motion vector field transformation through the analysis of a university sports college basketball class of 2021 students found that from the seventh week and the eighth week of the experimental group and the control group, respectively, there is a difference of 7.8% and 13%. The ball-hitting rate is significantly different from that of the control group (

In the digital age, e-commerce has emerged as a transformative force in the domain of rural tourism, infusing traditional practices with renewed dynamism. This study employs the spatiotemporal extreme entropy value method to assess the evolution of rural tourism in China. The investigation delves into the influence of e-commerce on the qualitative enhancement of rural tourism, utilizing a dynamic panel data model to analyze its effects and conducting heterogeneity tests based on geographic and economic criteria. According to the weights assigned by the spatiotemporal extreme entropy method, the quality of rural tourism development in China generally increased between 2013 and 2023, with a notable dip to 0.3005 in 2020. The heterogeneity analysis, implemented through a fixed-effects model, reveals significant positive impacts in both the eastern and central regions at the 5% significance level. Moreover, regions with a medium level of economic development exhibit a robust positive effect, with a regression coefficient of 0.429. The developmental impact of e-commerce on high-quality rural tourism is statistically significant at the 1% level, and all control variables demonstrate significant positive correlations. These findings underscore the substantial role that e-commerce development plays in advancing high-quality rural tourism.

Esophageal cancer is one of the major life-threatening diseases in the world. RNA methylation is the most common post-transcriptional modification and a wide-ranging regulatory system controlling gene expression. Numerous studies have revealed that dysregulation of RNA methylation is critical for cancer development and progression. However, the diverse role of RNA methylation and its regulators in esophageal cancer remains to be elucidated and summarized. In this review, we focus on the regulation of major RNA methylation, including m 6A, m 5C, and m 7G, as well as the expression patterns and clinical implications of its regulators in esophageal cancer. We systematically summarize how these RNA modifications affect the “life cycle” of target RNAs, including mRNA, microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and tRNA. The downstream signaling pathways associated with RNA methylation during the development and treatment of esophageal cancer are also discussed in detail. Further studies on how these modifications function together in the microenvironment of esophageal cancer will draw a clearer picture of the clinical application of novel and specific therapeutic strategies.

The demand-pull and the promotion of technological progress have been the principal line of air-to-air missile development.This paper reviews the development course of American air-to-air missiles, puts forward that the operational concept is the original point of missile design, and the level of missile technology system determines the way of operation. Combine the US equipment demonstration mechanism, the new operational concept and the operational system requirements, the capabilities of future air-to-air missile are proposed.

Catastrophic geo-hazards have occurred frequently in the karst areas of Southwestern China for these years because of internal, external geologic processes and human engineering activities, which makes it urgently necessary to reveal their triggering mechanisms for their consequences controlling. Detailed site geological investigation, full-scale block distinct-element-code modeling and related engineering geological analysis were conducted to recognize main characteristics, controlling factors and dynamic formation mechanism of a so-called underground mining-induced landslide. Results on the Pusa landslide show its dynamic formation is influenced by micro-landform, rock strata types, rock mass structure, weathering, goaf, heavy rainfall and, especially blasting vibration during underground developing and mining, i.e. controlling factor. Based on the numerical modeling, whole subsidence and clock-wise rotation are obvious characteristics of deformation caused by the goaf and the heavy rainfall during pre-failure of the landslide. What’s more, the whole subsidence which was caused by the goaf is one of the key characteristics of the underground mining-induced landslide. After the landslide behaves its critical failure, following dynamic responses include shattering, scraping off part top of the bed, debris flowing and final depositing. Finally, the dynamic formation mechanism is proposed based on evolution of main forces contributing the Pusa landslide. The forces are actuated by the seepage stress, vertical and horizontal blasting stresses, shear stress, unloading stress and dilation stress caused by the caved rock mass.

The problem that the early capacity planning of microgrid in data center is unreasonable and cannot adapt to the operation characteristics of data center has not been solved. At the same time, in order to improve the power supply economy and renewable energy consumption capacity of the microgrid in data center, a bi-level optimal configuration model of the microgrid capacity in data center taking into account the load characteristics is proposed in this paper. Scenario reduction-based selection method is used to deal with the uncertainty of renewable energy and the computational complexity caused by a large number of scenarios. The corresponding load scheduling strategies are proposed according to the characteristics of different loads together with their flexibility. The problem of capacity planning for different microgrid resources, including energy storage system, photovoltaic and wind turbine, is solved by using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ) and Gurobi. Finally, the conpromise optimal soulation is obtained by the fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making approach. The simulation results show that the proposed approach can reduce the construction costs, operation costs and carbon emissions of data center microgrids. Besides, the satisfaction of data center operators is improved.

Due to the lack of research on the embroidery types and needle techniques of the Gaoshan nationality of Taiwan, China, we used the two-dimensional verification method of literature and image analysis, Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator to illustrate their stitching techniques and to summarize the basic application rules of Gaoshan embroidery stitch. The results show that the Gaoshan nationality in Taiwan is closely related to the Han nationality. Since the Qing Dynasty, after the Gaoshan nationality traded with the Han nationality in Chinese mainland, the embroidery utensils of the Gaoshan nationality have been gradually improved. According to the degree of communication with the Han nationality, the embroidery of the Gaoshan nationality is divided into primitive ecological embroidery and immigrated embroidery. The primitive ecological embroidery has a strong primitive and religious atmosphere. The immigrated embroidery has been developed from the integration of Han and Gaoshan ethnic characteristics.

The effects of the menstrual cycle and sex hormones on knee kinematics remain unclear. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the menstrual cycle and serum sex hormone concentrations on knee kinematic parameters of the 90°cutting in female college soccer athletes. Three female college soccer teams (53 subjects) participated in the study. During the first menstrual cycle, a three-step method was used to exclude subjects with anovulatory and luteal phase–deficient (LPD) (12 subjects). The subjects’ menstrual cycle was divided into the menstrual phase, late-follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and mid-luteal phase (group 1, 2, 3, 4). In each phase of the second menstrual cycle, we used a portable motion analysis system to enter the teams and tested the sex hormones concentrations and knee kinematics parameters in three universities in turn. We found that subjects had a lower maximum knee valgus in group 4 compared with other groups. This meant that subjects had a lower biomechanical risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in the mid-luteal phase. There was no significant correlation between serum estrogen, progesterone concentration, and knee kinematic parameters. This meant that sex hormones did not have a protective effect. Future studies need to incorporate more factors (such as neuromuscular control, etc.) to investigate.

Background: To observe the short-term outcome of plasma adsorption PA therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: 28 cases of ALS patients were recruited in this study, of which 20 were male and 8 were female with a mean age of 53.21±9.07 years and the average course of 33±23.35 months. The clinical manifestations were limb weakness (N=27), muscular atrophy (N=27), muscular tremor (N=5), dysphagia (N=12) and dysarthria (N=12). The clinical data of the patients recruited were graded by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRSR) : 40 (N=5). All patients received PA therapy once a week for three successive times after examining the conditions of blood coagulation and virus infection. PA therapy was supplemented with neurotrophic therapy meanwhile. All patients' clinical manifestations and scores of ALSFRSR before treatment and one week after treatment were evaluated and compared. The levels of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-10 (IL-10), serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) before and after treatment were compared. Results: After PA therapy, 14 patients have improved obviously in muscle strength, 4 patients in hypermyotonia partially, 3 patients in muscular tremor, 5 patients in dysarthria, 3 patients in salivation to some extent and 2 patients in swallowing function. The score of ALSFRSR after PA treatment (31.89±10.36) was remarkably higher than that before PA treatment (30.68±10.52) (P

A bistable-nonlinear energy sink（BNES） is designed to control the vibration of the main system in a wide frequency range. The spatial magnetic force of cantilever structure system is analyzed based on the magnetizing current theory, and the influences of magnetic spacing and cantilever length on stability point of BNES are studied. The dynamic equations of main system coupling BNES are established to study the stability of transient performance of BNES under different excitation intensities. The effect of magnetic spacing on the steady-state vibration reduction performance of the BNES is studied through the amplitude frequency characteristics, and the stability performance of the BNES with the change of excitation intensity at 0.5 times, 1 times and 1.5 times resonant excitation frequency is studied. The analysis results show that the proposed BNES has good transient and steady-state vibration reduction performance and good robustness.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of acteoside (ACT) in inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human hepatoma HCCLM3 cells by regulating the ERK1/2 pathway. Methods CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. The invasion and migration of HCC cells were detected by scratch and Transwell tests. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and EMT-related genes (E-cadherin and N-cadherin) were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Results ACT reduced the activity of HCCLM3 cells and inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells, and the effects had certain correlation with drug concentration and time. ACT inhibited the migration and invasion process of HCCLM3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. ACT downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of genes related to the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. It increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of the EMT-related gene E-cadherin but decreased those of N-cadherin. Conclusion ACT could inhibit EMT and the invasion and migration of HCCLM3 cells in human hepatoma, and the underlying mechanism is closely related to the downregulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

The Namjag Barwa syntaxis is in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis area with the most intensive neotectonic activity. There are many late Quaternary active fault belts and strong seismicities. The tectonic stability of these active fault belts, such as the Jiali, Dongjiu-Milin, and Motuo fault belts, may influence the project's construction. In-situ stress is a critical parameter for estimating regional tectonic stability. Currently, there is a lack of abundant in-situ stress results about the Namjag Barwa syntaxis. It is challenging to assess geological safety risks for major projects. Based on focal mechanism solutions, the paper reveals the orientation of the maximum principal stress surrounding the Namjag Barwa syntaxis using the stress tensor inversion method. According to the critical condition of fault instability, the magnitudes of principal stresses around the Namjag Barwa syntaxis are also estimated by combining the inversion of the stress shape ratio and the frictional coefficient. The results indicate that the maximum principal stress direction in the Namjag Barwa syntaxis area is NE-NNE. The maximum and minimum horizontal principal stresses increase linearly with depth at a gradient of 0.032~0.0355 MPa/m and 0.0227~0.0236 MPa/m, respectively. Heterogeneous features of the in-situ stress field still exist. Generally, the results estimated in this study are in good concordance with the in-situ stress measurements. They can provide reliable in-situ stress parameters for evaluating the tectonic stability in the Namcha Barwa region.

The pile-beam composite structure in high-elevation debris flow areas is selected as the research object. Based on characterizing the pile-beam composite structure, the particle-flow simulation analysis program and the explicit dynamic analysis program were used to study comparatively the blocking effects of single-row piles and two-row piles, as well as that of a pile-beam composite structure at different positions. Besides, We simulated the mechanical characteristics of the pile-beam composite structure and discussed debris flow accumulation and structural stress transfer after the blocking. The calculation results show that the blocking effect of the pile-boulder force chain formed by the contact between large-size particles in the debris flow with the blocking structure and side boundaries on both sides of the gully could effectively block and delay the subsequent debris flow movement. The blocking effect of the pile-beam composite structure is the best. Meanwhile, the transition zone between the two-row piles further suppressed the flow velocity. When choosing the position for a pile-beam composite structure, we should consider suppressing the debris flow velocity as early as possible at the beginning and the potential energy-kinetic energy conversion process. Meanwhile, we also need to emphasize the design of the reservoir capacity, beware of the escape of debris flow due to a low-head barrier, and choose the optimal solution for the layout. The impact stress by debris flow boulders will be transmitted to the rear pile through the connecting beams, and the connecting parts at both ends of the beam almost reach the yield strength, which needs reinforcement to strengthen.

The eastern Himalayan syntaxis is one of the regions having the most intense tectonic activities, the most complex geological conditions, and the most frequent geohazards in the world. The planning and construction of engineering projects are faced with four types of catastrophic geo-safety risks, including tectonic faulting in the plate tectonic belt, disaster occurrence of the deep-buried tunnels, instability of loose mountains, and regional geological disaster chain. It is a critical topic in the field of engineering geology how to select relatively stable and safe sites in active tectonic zones to minimize the geo-safety risks of planning, construction, and operation of engineering projects. This paper summarized the major geo-safety problems in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Accordingly, it revealed that traditional site selection theories hardly satisfy the requirements of the engineering projects in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis area. The site selection encounters geo-safety challenges caused by unclear geological evolution process and construction, prominent disaster risk of tectonic activity and strong earthquake, weak research on the deep tectonic stress field and disaster evaluation, and severe ultra-high-elevation and ultra-long-runout geological disaster chain. Thus, this paper suggested the main research directions of the site selection from five aspects: (1) regional geological evolution and engineering geological problems, (2) active fault and engineering safety risk, (3) complex in-situ stress field and engineering disaster risk, (4) engineering risk of regional geological disaster chain, and (5) theory and method of site selection in eastern Himalayan syntaxis. This paper provides ideas for improving the risk assessment and prevention methods of site selection of engineering projects.

The solid-liquid coupling process is crucial in transforming debris flow to mudflow to form a hybrid landslide, which extends the disaster-affected area. It is a hot topic and a tricky problem to be solved in disaster prevention and mitigation research. We used the self-developed post-landslide damage numerical simulation platform (LPF3D) to explore the dynamic process of the Wushanping landslide induced by heavy rainfall in Chongqing under hydrodynamic action and revealed the solid-liquid coupling mechanism. The results show that hydrodynamic effects in the landslide movement are mainly manifested as liquefaction and dragging. The incremental effects of the two hydrodynamic actions are apparent, which often transform debris flow into mudflow, causing long-runout disasters. A two-phase coupled computational model based on the SPH method is proposed. It restores the two-phase movement of the Wushanping landslide under heavy rainfall conditions considering the combined effects of the fluid state equation, the solid viscoplastic constitutive equation, and the inter-phase forces. The numerical calculation results show that the maximum velocity of the Wushanping landslide is 34 m/s, the maximum accumulation thickness is 21.5 m, the accumulation area is 0.12 km2, and the farthest movement distance is 1300 m. The simulation results are consistent with the actual landslide's accumulation pattern. In conclusion, in the high remote landslide risk investigation and prediction process, the pore water pressure and solid-liquid phase interaction under heavy rainfall conditions need to be fully considered, and the numerical simulation based on the LPF3D method provides a basis for the quantitative risk assessment of high-elevation and long-runout landslides.

The frequent occurrence of remote landslide disasters under heavy rainfall in the mountainous area with sand-mudstone strata in southwest China is a critical issue to be solved in disaster prevention and mitigation. Taking the July 13, 2020 Niuerwan landslide in Wulong, Chongqing as an example, technical means including UAV image, field investigation, geological condition analysis, and PFC3D simulation were used to study the long-runout motion model of flowslide under heavy rainfall. The results show that the unique stratigraphic structure (Quaternary residual slope soil in the upper part and sand-mudstone in the lower part) is the root cause of the landslide instability and long-runout fluidization movement. Heavy rainfall is the key factor in causing the deep destabilization and overall decline of the landslide, and it also leads to the long-distance movement of the upper saturated residual soil. The long-runout fluidization disaster model of bedding landslide shows the characteristics of overall sliding of the lower layer, mixing of coarse and fine particles of the middle layer, and saturation fluidization in the upper layer. The long-runout fluidization process can be divided into three stages: the overall instability, the mixed acceleration, and the fluidization accumulation. Based on the above research, it is concluded that the investigation and prediction process of long-runout fluidization landslide in the mountainous area with sand-mudstone strata should be based on this particular disaster model to provide a quantitative scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation.

A novel concept is described here that utilizes externally applied heat to a solid rod of reconstituted tobacco biomass to form a stream of aerosol under progressively oxygen-deficient atmosphere. The boundary of auto-ignition was determined at oxygen concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 21% and then the effects of these different atmospheres on various parameters were studied. Experimental results indicated that the ignition temperature decreased with the increase of oxygen concentration and a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) for atmosphere with oxygen was observed at before but close to ignition temperature. Significant differences in the yields of CO and CO2 between oxygen and oxygen-free atmosphere were observed. The mass of aerosol produced under an inert atmosphere and reduced-oxygen atmosphere were characterized with selected volatile and semi-volatile components, phenols, aldehydes, and other organic compounds of interests. In addition, higher oxygen concentration resulted in higher bulk and surface oxygen content of solid-phase residue, the reduction of carbon and hydrogen element content and related functional groups, and the content of inorganic compounds also exhibited an increase with oxygen concentration. By systematically changing oxygen concentrations of the biomass bed with increasing temperatures, an aerosol stream of controlled chemical composition and yields could be formed without leading to ignition. Key chemical markers of inhalation harm were measured and compared to each other under different degrees close to combustion. Studying reconstituted tobacco or other biomass materials in such a way could provide alternative and useful information in the design heated biomass aerosol generators.

A lit cigarette forms a positive and negative pressure zone by a puff with respect to the position of its paper burn line. Smoke aerosols generated from the two zones are then pulled through the rod under the puff to form the mainstream smoke. This phenomenon is fundamental to the thermophysics and the resultant chemical composition of the mainstream smoke. In this study, we created two different airflow pathways inside a heated tobacco rod by a puff, and investigated the differences in aerosol formation and its chemical compositions. The two different pressure-induced conditions, one through an open-ended tobacco rod (marked as HNB, a label of a designed airflow pathway of commercial heated tobacco products called heat-not-burn prior), and the other through a closed-ended tobacco rod (marked as NSC, a label of a novel-designed airflow pathway of heated tobacco products), were compared for their aerosol collected mass (ACM), the contents of nicotine, water and added aerosol agents such as propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (VG), as well as selected aldehydes and ketones in the mainstream aerosol. Aerosol particle distribution and the heated temperature along different rod locations were also compared during a puff. The results indicated marked differences in the aerosol formation processes between the two HNB and NSC systems. The transfer ratios of the main aerosol components were significantly higher for the NSC; the levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were significantly lower under the NSC than the HNB condition. There were also significant differences for the aerosol particle number concentration (APNC) and count median diameter (CMD) for the two systems. The lack of convective heat transfer in the aerosol formation under the NSC condition resulted in a relatively stable thermal aerosol generation zone, reflected by the temperature difference between the two systems in the selected locations. The NSC mode of tobacco heating thus offers a novel and enhanced aerosol generation for heat tobacco product designs.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of irreversible electroporation (IRE) combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Biomedical Literature Database, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases for articles dated from the establishment of each database to March 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.4 software. Results A total of 3970 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were enrolled in eight studies, including one randomized controlled trial, four retrospective studies, and three prospective studies. The patients were divided into the combined therapy group with 344 patients and the chemotherapy-only group with 3626 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the overall survival of patients in the combined therapy group was significantly higher than that in the chemotherapy-only group (OR=4.52; 95%CI: 2.63-7.77; P < 0.00001). However, no significant difference existed in the disease control rate between the combined therapy group and the chemotherapy-only group (OR=0.58; 95%CI: 0.02-18.74; P=0.76). Moreover, no significant difference existed in the disease progression between the two groups (OR=0.49; 95%CI: 0.23-1.02; P=0.06). The combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and IRE had no significant effect on the incidence of adverse reactions of gastrointestinal reaction (OR=0.37; 95%CI: 0.10-1.34; P=0.13) and bone marrow suppression (OR=0.61; 95%CI: 0.26-1.40; P=0.24). Conclusion IRE combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy can remarkably improve the prognosis of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, and significantly prolong the overall survival.

The triaxial strength envelope of rocks is usually nonlinear, and the shear strength parameters obtained by the linear regression method (LRM) are highly sensitive to confining pressure. In order to enable LRM to consider the influence of confining pressure on the estimation of shear strength parameters, the confining pressure effect coefficient of triaxial strength of rocks is defined. An exponential function is constructed to express the relationship between the coefficient and confining pressure, which is also introduced into the correction of LRM. A linear regression method considering confining pressure effects (CCPE-LRM) is proposed. At the same time, a rationality test method is proposed, and a distance coefficient is defined as an index to characterize the difference between the estimated and actual values of shear strength parameters. Through the verification and analysis of the triaxial strength data of various types of rocks in the published literature, the results show that the distance coefficients of various rocks are small, and the shear strength envelopes obtained by CCPE-LRM are all close to the Mohr circles in an approximately tangent state. It indicates that the shear strength envelope obtained by CCPE-LRM can replace the ideal shear strength envelope to a certain extent, and the shear strength parameters estimated by this method are in good agreement with the theoretical shear strength parameters. These prove that CCPE-LRM LRM has a good applicability.

Cretaceous formation in the western Tabei Uplift is significant petroleum pay zone in the Tarim Basin, NW China. For the complex relationship between tectonic movement and depositional environment, sequence stratigraphic filling model of the whole Cretaceous formation has not been established yet. Using well logs and seismic data in this article, sequence stratigraphic evolution process and filling model of the Cretaceous are interpreted involving paleo-uplift, sedimentary and water-level. As a first-order sequence, the Cretaceous is subdivided into three second-order sequences, Shushanhe, Baxigai and Bashijiqike Formation. Shushanhe Formation is subdivided into three third-order sequences, KSQ1, KSQ2 and KSQ3 upwards; Baxigai Formation is considered as one single third-order sequence, KSQ4; Bashijiqike Formation is subdivided into three third-order sequences, KSQ5, KSQ6 and KSQ7 upwards. In the early KSQ1, paleo-uplift was aquatic. From KSQ1 to KSQ3, water-level raised and paleo-uplift moved upwards gradually; and water-level raising was faster than paleo-uplift ascending. The accommodations of these three sequences increased. Lacustrine facies mudstones and siltstones were onlap filling sequences towards Xiqiu Paleo-uplift. In the end of KSQ3, the whole region was subaqueous. The water-level and paleo-uplift in KSQ4 were easy steady, and the accommodation in KSQ4 was sustained. Delta depositional system began to prograde from depocenter to distal slope of paleo-uplift. In the high of Xiqiu Paleo-uplift, dominated sediments were fine grains for the sedimentary dynamic force. From KSQ5 to KSQ7 in the Bashijiqike Formation, water turned regression, paleo-uplift raised slowly and the accommodation reduced continually. Because of the progradation deltaic sandstones, downlap sequences were developed towards the Xiqiu Paleo-uplift. Exposed in the Early Paleogene, KSQ7 and part KSQ6 were truncated to form top unconformable boundaries. Established sequence filling model of the Cretaceous in the western Tabei Uplift provides important insights on the stratigraphic characteristics and in turn on the exploration potential of petroleum systems.

Dexamethasone can be used to prevent nausea and vomiting after surgery, but there is concern that it may induced perineal irritation. The aim of this study was to investigate the attenuation effect of dilution and slow injection on dexamethasone-induced perineal irritation. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, a total of 400 patients were enrolled and allocated into four groups: Group I, receiving 2 mL dexamethasone (5 mg/mL), Group II, receiving 5 mL dexamethasone (2 mg/mL), Group III, receiving 10 mL dexamethasone (1 mg/mL), and Group IV receiving 20 mL dexamethasone (0.5 mg/mL). Dexamethasone was diluted with 5% glucose. The injection time of dexamethasone was less than 2 s in Group I, while it was 30 s in Groups II, III, and IV. The incidence, onset, duration, and severity of perineal irritation were recorded. The incidence of dexamethasone-induced perineal irritation was 49, 33, 17, and 15% in Groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Group IV had less severity than Group I in mild and moderate perineal irritation (P < 0.008). The onset and duration of perineal irritation of Groups II, III, and IV were significantly improved compared to Group I (P < 0.001). Dexamethasone-induced perineal irritation can be alleviated by dilution of dexamethasone to 0.5 mg/mL with 5% glucose combined with prolonged injection time of 30 s.

Multi-view feature selection improves the efficiency of classification,clustering and other learning tasks by fusing information from multiple views to obtain representative feature subsets.However,the features of different views that describe objects are complex and interrelated.Simply searching subset of features from original space partly solves the problem of dimension,but it barely obtains the latent structural information and association information among features.Besides,using fixed similarity matrix and projection matrix is prone to lose the correlation between different views.To solve these problems,an unsupervised multi-view feature selection algorithm based on similarity matrix learning and matrix alignment(SMLMA)is proposed.Firstly,the similarity matrix based on all views is constructed,and the consistent similarity matrix and projection matrix are obtained by mani-fold learning,to explore and reserve the structural information of data to the greatest extent.Then,the matrix alignment method is used to maximize the correlation between the similarity matrix and the kernel matrix,for the purpose of using the correlation between different views and reducing the information redundancy of feature subset.Finally,the Armijo searching method is introduced to obtain the convergence result quickly.Experimental results on four datasets(Caltech-7,NUS-WIDE-OBJ,Toy Animal and MSRC-v1)show that,compared with single view feature selection and some multi-view feature selection methods,the accuracy of SMLMA is averagely improved by about 7.54%.The proposed algorithm well retains the structural information of data and the correlation between multi-view features,and captures more high-quality features.

Background DSA is an irreplaceable diagnostic method for cerebral vascular disease. It is sensitive to intracranial macrovascular disease, but not to distal blood perfusion. In order to quantitatively assess the perfusion area of the feeding artery, this study is the first to propose an imaging method of the internal carotid artery (ICA) perfusion area relying on deconvolution algorithm and cross⁃correlation (CC) algorithm. Methods Four patients with cerebral vascular disease and 2 healthy subjects who underwent DSA examination in Luwan Branch of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from June 2020 to May 2021 were enrolled. The arterial input function (AIF) of the ICA was extracted, and a deconvolution algorithm was used to calculate the time to peak (Tmax) for each pixel. Then the CC algorithm was used to obtain the CC map related to the perfusion of the ICA at each pixel point of the whole brain. Area of interest (ROI) of AIF were randomly selected for 2 healthy subjects, calculated the root mean square error (RMSE) of the CC map for reliability analysis. The CC map was drawn for 4 patients with cerebral vascular disease for validity analysis. Results Reliability analysis showed that the RMSE values of Towne's and lateral views of the CC map and Tmax map of the left and right ICA in a healthy subject were 0.008±0.011, 0.022±0.002, 0.015±0.007, 0.004±0.008, and (0.108±0.181) s, (0.181±0.214) s, (0.301±0.230) s, (0.035±0.092) s; another healthy subject were 0.015±0.023, 0.007±0.011, 0.007±0.011, 0.005±0.012, and (0.172±0.275) s, (0.092±0.174) s, (0.087±0.156) s, (0.079±0.153) s. The averaged RMSE value of Tmax map was lower than the temporal resolution of DSA, indicating that the reliability of the CC map of the AIF value box in different ROIs of the ICA was high. Validity analysis showed that the CC map and Tmax map of the patient with acute ischemic stroke treated by intravenous thrombolysis bridging to mechanical thrombectomy can fully display the perfusion changes of the ICA after successful thrombectomy. Postoperative DSA in the patient with subacute ischemic stroke after endovascular therapy showed recanalization of the occluded artery, while the CC map showed no significant change in the perfusion of the ICA. The DSA of the patient with middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis without related ischemic events showed severe MCA stenosis, but the CC map showed that the ICA was well perfused, and no endovascular treatment was required. The DSA of the patient with acute ischemic stroke without MCA stenosis showed no MCA stenosis, but only sparse ICA⁃related perfusion was seen on the CC map. Conclusions The CC map and Tmax map based on DSA images have good reliability in different ROIs of AIF. The CC map can provide quantitative information on the perfusion area of the feeding arteries, which is helpful for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment decisions.

It is significant to determine the equivalent static load of impact load for the strength design and verifica-tion of aircraft structures. The formula to calculate shock load dynamic effect coefficient is established based on ter-minal peak saw-tooth shock pulse describing the time history of shock load, single freedom dynamic response mod-el and the equivalent principle of model displacement. Then the function relationship between dynamic effect coeffi-cient and the product of shock load duration and model natural frequency is deduced from trigonometric function in-equality. The flow chart to determine equivalent static load of shock load is drawn according to the above theory. Fi-nally this method is used to verify the equivalent static load of arresting hook system and aircraft model ditching pro-cess. The comparative results show that the maximal relative error of dynamic effect coefficient of arresting impact load is below 4% between theoretic estimated values and numerical simulated values by FEM, the relative error of equivalent static pressure during model ditching test is below 0.9% between theoretic estimated value and deter-mined design value. It shows that the theoretical calculation formula of the established dynamic effect coefficient has a high accuracy, and the proposed method has certain engineering application value.