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Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lung computed tomography (CT) findings in fat embolism (FE) syndrome. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 19 CT examinations of 18 patients with FE syndrome, diagnosed clinically using the Gurd and Wilson criteria. Result Fat embolism syndrome showed 3 patterns: negative examination, bilateral interstitial-alveolar involvement, and adult respiratory distress syndrome like. Frequent findings included consolidations (17 patients), mostly with gravity dependent distribution, and ground-glass opacities (17 patients), mostly with patchy distribution. Fifteen patients showed an overlapping random nodular pattern. Less common findings included lobular ground-glass opacities and lobular consolidations, smooth septal thickening, thickening of the bronchial wall, and areas of crazy paving. The extension of the consolidations correlates with the duration of assisted ventilation. Conclusions In FE syndrome, pulmonary CT findings are ground-glass opacities and dependent consolidations, associated with other variably overlapping signs, such as lobular opacities, random nodules, septal thickening, and bronchial wall thickening.

Ultrasound (US) is recognized as a useful first-line imaging modality, being esteemed its characteristics such as real-time scanning, no radiation, easy performance, and cost-effectiveness. However, it is regarded inferior to computed tomography and magnetic resonance because of its low ability to depict organ vascularization especially for tumor characterization.

Scrotum is a superficial anatomical structure and it can be easily assessed with clinical examination. Ultrasonography (US) is the initial imaging modality for evaluating pathologic conditions of the scrotum. However, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is useful in case of equivocal sonographic findings.

Purpose Defining the site of recurrent disease early after definitive treatment for a localized prostate cancer is a critical issue as it may greatly influence the subsequent therapeutic strategy or patient management.

Scrotal cystic lesions are common incidental findings at ultrasonography. Most of them are located in the epididymis, but the testis and the cord are also involved. Testicular, albugineal, and epidermoid cysts; cystic dysplasia of the rete testis; cysts of the spermatic cord; and cystic appendages are easily detected at ultrasonography, which is the modality of choice to differentiate benign cysts from cystic tumors. Other imaging modalities such as CEUS and MR imaging may have a role for characterization of complex cystic lesions.

Penile traumas can result from penetrating or non-penetrating injuries. Diagnosis of albugineal disruption must be obtained as soon as possible since early surgical repair reduces significantly the rate of posttraumatic curvature and fibrosis. MR imaging is the modality of choice to investigate the integrity of the tunica albuginea. In expert hands, however, ultrasonography can be as informative as MR. It is able to detect the exact site of the tear as an interruption of the thin echogenic line of the tunica albuginea.

Ultrasound features of solid scrotal tumors are often nonspecific, and most of them have no special character to help identification of their nature. Ultrasonography, however, identifies lesions in virtually all cases. Moreover, it allows differentiation between intratesticular and extratesticular masses and gives an accurate estimate of their local extent and of the relationship with adjacent tissues.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a new technique that employs microbubble contrast agents and complementary harmonic pulse sequences to demonstrate parenchymal perfusion.

In the clinical practice, there is an increasing incidence of small, non-palpable testicular lesions identified with an ultrasonographic investigation performed for other purposes. Many of these lesions are benign tumours or non-neoplastic conditions. In this context, the old axiom that every testicular mass should be considered a malignant tumour and the testis must be removed is no longer valid. Lesions can either undergo active surveillance or testis-sparing surgery, which allows maximal preservation of testicular parenchyma and its vasculature. To provide for the possibility of testis-sparing surgery for non-palpable nodules, precise intraoperative ultrasonographic localisation of the lesion is necessary. Our technique includes ultrasonographic localisation of the nodule within the exposed testicle and placement of a localising needle while the patient is on the operating table.