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Sports sponsorship is a core element of brand communication and one of the most effective and demanded tools in marketing. In the context of football, jersey sponsorship agreements dramatically increased over the last decade in terms of deal volume. Another current brand communication trend is the brand strategy of placing brands into entertainment media, especially in video games, so called in-game advertising (IGA). Against that background, the current study addresses the short-term effects of IGA on consumer's implicit and explicit brand knowledge after the sponsor brand has been exposed in a video game. The findings of the laboratory research showed that the IGA exposure of sponsor brands, which was simulated in the current study as a virtual consumer-brand interaction within a playfully football game, was primarily effective to enhance brand-related associations on an implicit level, but not on an explicit level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Dysfunctional breathing patterns (DAM) are deviations from physiologic breathing patterns. DAM seem to be associated with lower asthma control. To date, it is unclear what effect inpatient rehabilitation can have on this problem. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on DAM., Methods: The data are based on a randomized controlled trial with a waiting control group. The intervention group (IG) received PR 4 weeks after application approval and the control group (KG) after 5 months. Dysfunctional breathing was assessed by Nijmegen-Questionnaire (NQ). Values ≥ 23 points indicate an existing DAM. Values at the end of rehabilitation (T2) and after three months (T3) were compared (analysis of covariance). Supplemental moderator analysis was performed to examine whether the effect of PR was related to baseline NQ scores., Results: Significant differences in NQ score are found between IG (n=202) and KG (n=210) at T2 (AMD=10.5; 95%CI [9; 12]; d=1.4; p<0.001) and at T3 (AMD=5.8; 95%CI [4.3; 7.3]; d=0.8; p<0.001). There is an interaction effect between the difference in NQ score between the groups at T2 and baseline at T0 (b=5.6; 95%CI [2.2; 11.9]; p<0.001). At T3, this interaction effect was no longer detectable (b=4.5; 95%CI [-3.1; 14.1]; p=807)., Conclusion: Inpatient, multimodality, and interdisciplinary PR is associated with significant and clinically relevant improvement in DAM both at discharge and 3 months later. In the short term, patients with existing DAM benefit more from PR than patients without DAM., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: If COVID-19 disease sequelae also (co-)affect the respiratory organs, national and international guidelines recommend pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). So far, however, no studies are available from Germany on the course after PR, nor on possible course differences between the two Long COVID subgroups "Ongoing symptomatic COVID-19" and "Post-COVID-19 syndrome" (PCS)., Methods:   In a prospective observational study, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) regarding exertional dyspnea, quality of life, pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety were assessed at the beginning of PR (T1), end of PR (T2), and after 3 (T3) and 6 months (T4). Statistical analyses were performed using latent difference models., Results:   There were 224 rehabilitation patients (M Age =54.4; SD Age =10.4; 42.0% female) included in the study. During PR, all PROs improved significantly. After PR, improvements either persisted with large pre-post effect sizes (exertional dyspnea, quality of life), decreased slightly to small pre-post effect sizes (depression, fatigue), or decreased to baseline levels (anxiety, pain). PCS patients had greater burdens in depression, fatigue, and pain at baseline, but did not differ in trajectories. Indicators of the severity of the preceding acute phase (oxygen therapy, ICU treatment, ventilation) were associated with higher burdens at T0 in depression, fatigue, and pain, but not with the courses during and after PR. In contrast, female patients showed higher burdens in both depression and fatigue at T1 and higher pre-post effects than male patients., Conclusion:   The fact that improvements in PROs occurred in both subgroups only during PR, but not during the follow-up period suggests that the changes are not due to the natural healing process but at least partly due to PR. Moreover, the results suggest that both patient groups may benefit from PR. Persisting improvements in exertional dyspnea and quality of life and, to a reduced extent, in depression and fatigue until 6 months after PR, but not in pain and anxiety warrant study of additional multimodal interventions that may be needed to maintain these effects., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Purpose:  This survey was conducted on behalf of the German Respiratory Society (DGP) section 12. The aim was to assess the means of achieving tobacco cessation and prescription of exercise training on an outpatient basis after discharge from pulmonary rehabilitation clinic as part of aftercare of pulmonary rehabilitation programs in Germany., Methods:  We contacted all pulmonary rehabilitation clinics in Germany. Of the 67 clinics we identified, 62 fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 39 clinics (62.9 %) agreed to participate and returned the completed questionnaires., Results:  Each clinic rated ambulatory exercise training sessions as effective aftercare. In each case, slightly above 50 % of the sample informed their patients via standardized talks or information brochures. In 38.5 % of the clinics, ambulatory exercise in groups was provided as aftercare. The number of patients who received prescription for aftercare at the end of the rehabilitation program ranged between 0 % and 100 %. Only a quarter of the clinics had ever been asked by the funding organizations regarding the success rate of the exercise program. All clinics assessed the smoking status of their patients and explained the importance of tobacco abstinence to them. The percentage of smokers was estimated to be 33 %; 69.7 % of the clinics stated that the rehabilitation program included standardized talks regarding tobacco cessation and 61.5 % reported having therapeutic group meetings on a regular basis. Further treatment options included psychological counselling (89.7 %), nicotine replacement therapy (61.5 %), or varenicline (15.4 %). Aftercare was offered only in 10.3 % of the clinics. On average, the percentage of smokers who achieved tobacco abstinence during the rehabilitation program was 32 %. Only one clinic (2.6 %) had ever been asked by the funding organization regarding the success rate of the tobacco cessation program., Conclusion:  This survey emphasizes that most of the pulmonary rehabilitation clinics in Germany have already achieved a good standard regarding tobacco cessation and exercise training programs for their inpatients; however, there are still areas of improvement as far as providing care after discharge from a rehabilitation clinic is concerned with regard to smoking cessation and prescription of ambulatory exercise training., Competing Interests: K. Schultz erhielt Honorare für die Teilnahme an AB-Meetings sowie Vorträge von folgenden Firmen: AstraZeneca, Berlin Chemie, Boehringer, Chiesi, GSK, Novartis, Pari und Sanofi.Die Klinik Bad Reichenhall erhielt finanzielle Forschungsförderungen durch die DRV Bayern Süd.Die anderen Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)