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Background: The main obstacle encountered in microarray technology is how to mine the valuable information under the profiles and study the genes function.Objective: Maximal information coefficient (MIC) is a novel, non-parametric statistic that has been successfully applied to genome-wide association studies and differentially gene and miRNA expression analysis. However, the data used in these applications are not gold standard but real data.Methods: Therefore, this study attempts to test the feasibility of MIC for differentially expressed gene identification with simulation data.Results: Our experiments indicate that, MIC perfermance is better than Limma always, which is almost the same level of SAM, ROTS or DESeq2. However, the count of AUC < 0.5 of MIC is significantly smaller than the three methods, and MIC does not exhibit an abnormal phenomenon in which the AUC increases as the noise increases.Conclusions: Compared to the existing methods, our experiments show that MIC is not only in the first tier in identifying differentially expressed genes and noise immunity, but also shows better robustness and stronger data/environment adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An innovative amine-based thermal energy storage (ATES) technology was developed. • ATES system utilize 84% of CO 2 reaction enthalpy for heat output. • The system obtained high-grade heat at ∼130 °C and energy density of 210 kJ/kg. • System energy efficiency of 70% was obtained via regeneration energy improvement. Thermal energy storage (TES) bridges the intermittence of renewable energy to generate steady and efficient clean energy. While amine-based CO 2 capture is a leading technology for CO 2 emission reduction, we innovatively employed the amine technology for long-term thermal energy storage, namely amine-based TES (ATES). The system utilises the thermally reversible amine-CO 2 reaction as the energy storage working pair, where low-grade thermal energy is used to break the amine-CO 2 chemical bond with the heat stored and released via exothermic amine-CO 2 reaction to produce high-quality thermal energy when required. Using benchmark absorbent monoethanolamine (MEA), we simulate and optimize the ATES system, and demonstrate that ATES exhibits desirable thermal energy storage performance with high-quality heat output up to 131 °C, high thermal energy conversion efficiency of >70%, moderate energy density of 210 kJ/kg and long-term storage, which outperforms the water-based sensible thermal storage technology. More importantly, the ATES is built on commercially viable amine process and heat exchange system, indicating its great potential for commercial applications, such as space heating and industrial waste heat storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Quantitative assessment of electron and hole transfer dynamics at anatase nanocrystalline TiO 2 / water interface. • TiO 2 conduction band electron, trapped electron and trapped hole absorption spectra were derived by comparing TA spectra. • Water reduction occurs with two single exponential components with difference in time scale of 6∼7 orders of magnitudes. • Water oxidation: Water oxidation reactions occur multi-exponentially in 25 ns to 200 ms. • Pt nanoparticle on the TiO 2 surface catalyses both water reduction and oxidation reaction. Quantitative assessments of electron and hole transfer dynamics with water on anatase nanocrystalline TiO 2 films were conducted by employing a series of transient absorption spectrometers. For water reduction reactions, both conduction band and trapped electrons decay with two different single exponential components with the difference in time scale of 6∼7 orders of magnitudes. The faster reaction occurs in 8–16 ns, while the slower component shows a lifetime of 0.1∼1.4 s. Pt nanoparticle deposition on the TiO 2 surface switches the slower single exponential reaction to a stretched exponential with an accelerated half lifetime of 2–7 ms, indicating that this slower reaction is limited by the electron trapping-detrapping movements inside the TiO 2. Water oxidation reactions occur multi-exponentially from 100 ns to 200 ms with a half lifetime of 10 μs. Pt on the TiO 2 surface catalyses water oxidation, occurring from 25 ns with a half lifetime of 8 μs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amine-based CO2 capture technology suffers from great energy penalty drawbacks, hindering its industrial application. The large capture energy consumption primarily rests in the enthalpy irreversibility of the CO2 capture process where the reaction heat released in CO2-absorption is wasted but the same amount of CO2 reaction enthalpy is supplied to liberate CO2 in CO2-desorption. The present study proposes a new method of metal-ion-mediated amine regeneration (MMAR) that employs the metal–amine complexes as an internal energy buffer to tune the CO2 reaction enthalpy. Using Ni(II) metal ions, we performed experimental calorimetric measurements to provide direct evidence that Ni(II)-ion additives reduce the CO2 reaction enthalpy over the cyclic CO2 loading, i.e., from 89.1 kJ per mol CO2 to 78.5 kJ per mol CO2 in the benchmark MEA solvent (11.9% reduction), and further to 62.9 kJ per mol CO2 in the blended MEA/AMP solvent (29.4% reduction) at a Ni(II) concentration of 0.3 M. The decreased reaction heat is primarily attributed to the change in the reaction pathway from carbamate to bicarbonate formation, as well as the chemical heat buffer of the Ni(II)-MEA complex for enthalpy recovery and its in situ utilization. The reduced CO2 reaction heat contributed to a decreased regeneration energy from 128.3 kJ per mol to 101.5 kJ per mol CO2 in the blended MEA/AMP system, a 20.9% energy reduction as compared to the reference MEA. A comprehensive experimental investigation also revealed that the Ni(II)-ion additive has a negligible effect on cyclic CO2 capacity, absorption kinetics, and solvent viscosity, and more importantly, it has a marginal influence on solvent degradation. The new chemistry of the MMAR system is anticipated to provide the amine solvent system with tunable reaction enthalpy, enabling a better energy performance in amine-based CO2 capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feature selection is a challenging and increasing important task in the machine learning and data mining community. According to different learning scenarios such as the availability of supervision information, feature selection can be broadly categorized as supervised, unsupervised and semi-supervised methods. Traditionally, feature selection algorithms are scenario-specific, i.e., different types of feature selection algorithms were proposed and investigated separately for specific learning scenario. In this paper, we aim to develop a unified view of supervised, unsupervised and semi-supervised feature selection methods. Based on the Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC), we first show that supervised, unsupervised and semi-supervised feature selection methods share the same objective. In discussing the connection between the unified framework and HSIC least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (HSIC Lasso), we find that the proposed framework not only has a clear statistical interpretation that minimum redundant features with maximum dependence on the target output variable can be found in terms of the HSIC, but also enables the global optimal solution to be computed efficiently by solving a Lasso optimization problem. Under this unified view, a new unsupervised feature selection algorithm is also proposed and demonstrated with several benchmark examples. • A unified view of supervised, unsupervised and semi-supervised feature selection methods is presented. • It has a clear statistical interpretation and enables the global optimal solution to be computed efficiently. • It is a useful abstract tool since feature selection can be investigated in a unified way. • A new unsupervised feature selection algorithm is proposed under this unified view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine whether the nationwide program 'Reducing maternal mortality and eliminating neonatal tetanus' contributed to the rapid decline in China's maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and neonatal tetanus elimination by enhancing hospital delivery, we compared MMR and neonatal tetanus incidence rate (NTR) reductions by province from 2000 to 2013. The difference-in-difference method was used to analyze the program effect. Long-term effects were analyzed relative to MMR and NTR in 2000 and 2002, respectively, while short-term effects in a given year were analyzed relative to MMR and NTR in the preceding year. The national program was associated with a faster decline in MMR in the long term. The rate of decline showed an inverse 'U' shape from 2000 to 2013, peaking in 2009. The program had a short-term effect in MMR reduction in 2005, 2007, and 2009. The program was also associated with faster decline in NTR in the short term at some time points, but this association was not consistent and was not found in the long term. In conclusion, the program accelerated decline of MMR from 2000 to 2013 but did not clearly reduce NTR at the province level. Therefore, this targeted program worked efficiently in resource-poor areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) has become an important regulator of many human malignancies. However, the biological role and clinical significance of most lncRNA in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. Methods: We investigate the biological function, mechanism of action and clinical expression of lncRNA MYOSLID in GC. First, we analysed the differential expression of lncRNA MYOSLID in GC tissues and non‐cancerous tissues by analysing the sequencing data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Subsequently, we verified that lncRNA MYOSLID regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of GC cells by acting as a ceRNA against miR‐29c‐3p. The nude mouse xenograft was used to further confirm the functional significance of lncRNA MYOSLID in vivo. Results: We found for the first time that the expression of lncRNA MYOSLID was significantly up‐regulated in GC tissues, and the up‐regulation of lncRNA MYOSLID in GC was correlated with tumour size, AJCC stage, depth of invasion and survival time. In addition, apoptosis and growth arrest can be induced in vitro after knockdown of lncRNA MYOSLID, which inhibits tumorigenesis in mouse xenografts in vivo. Further in‐depth studies revealed that lncRNA MYOSLID acts as a ceRNA of miR‐29c‐3p, resulting in de‐repression of its downstream target gene MCL‐1. Conclusion: The lncRNA MYOSLID‐miR‐29c‐3p‐MCL‐1 axis plays a key role in the development of GC. Our findings may provide potential new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of human GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]