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Nguyen Van An,1,* Le Huy Hoang,2,* Hai Ha Long Le,3,4 Nguyen Thai Son,1 Le Thu Hong,1 Tien Tran Viet,5 Tuan Dinh Le,6 Ta Ba Thang,7 Luong Huy Vu,8,9 Vinh Thi Ha Nguyen,9,10 Kien Xuan Nguyen11 1Department of Microbiology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2Department of Bacteriology, National of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Department of Microbiology, Mycology and Parasitology, National hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ha Noi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 5Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 6Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 7Respiratory Center, Military Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 8Department of Laser and Skin Care, National hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam; 9Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ha Noi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 10Department of General Planning, National hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi, Vietnam; 11Department of Military Medical Command and Organization, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Kien Xuan Nguyen, Department of Military Medical Command and Organization, Vietnam Medical Military University, Hanoi, Vietnam, Email nguyenxuankien@vmmu.edu.vnPurpose: Studies on the epidemiology of bloodstream infection (BSI) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are limited in Vietnam. Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the epidemiology of BSI and AMR of BSI-causing bacteria in Vietnam.Methods: Data regarding blood cultures from 2014 to 2021 were collected and analyzed using the chi-square test, Cochran–Armitage test, and binomial logistic regression model.Results: Overall, 2405 (14.15%) blood cultures were positive during the study period. In total, 55.76% of BSIs occurred in patients aged ≥ 60 years. The male-to-female ratio of patients with BSI was 1.87:1. Escherichia coli (26.11%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.79%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.44%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4.70%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.45%) were the leading bacterial species causing BSI. The AMR rate of these bacteria isolated in the intensive care unit (ICU) was significantly higher compared with that of those in other wards. E. coli was the least resistant to carbapenems (2.39%– 4.14%), amikacin (3.85%), and colistin (11.54%) and most resistant to penicillins (> 80.0%). S. aureus was the least resistant to glycopeptides (0%– 3.38%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (0.59%), and linezolid (1.02%) and most resistant to clindamycin (71.57%). K. pneumoniae was the least resistant to ertapenem (8.86%), amikacin (9.39%), and colistin (15.38%) and most resistant to aztreonam (83.33%). A. baumannii was the least resistant to amikacin (16.67%) and colistin (16.67%) and highly resistant to other antibiotics (≥ 50.0%). P. aeruginosa was the least resistant to colistin (16.33%) and piperacillin (28.17%) and highly resistant to other antibiotics (≥ 50.0%). Notably, the multidrug resistance rate of E. coli (76.41%) was the highest among common pathogens, followed by A. baumannii (71.57%), P. aeruginosa (64.56%), S. aureus (56.99%), and K. pneumoniae (43.72%).Conclusion: The AMR rate of BSI-causing bacteria, particularly strains isolated from ICU, was alarmingly high. There is a need for new antibiotics, therapeutic strategies, as well as prevention and control to combat BSI and AMR.Keywords: bloodstream infection, antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance, methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus

Quarteny Loyalty is an interactive story where you play as a person from Quarteny, the only city on the world of endless sand, taking a job from the city's most honorable department: The Special Force. From there, you start to discover secrets that The Special Force, as well as the leaders of Quarteny, has been hiding for hundreds of years. This game aims to deliver the sense of mystery and secrecy through story telling. By making choices within the game, the player will be able to discover different endings, making replaying the game important if the player wishes to discover all secrets in the story.

As the backbone of Vietnam’s economy, the country has recently established a number of policies for promoting and investing in smart agriculture inthe Mekong Delta, the country’s largest agricultural hub, to foster overall socio-economic development. However, water remains a critical constraint for crop production,with progress being hindered by water scarcity and quality issues, and compounded by socio-economic transformation and climate change. Considering thesechallenges, this study used the CROPWAT model and a wide spectrum of climate change scenarios to investigate future total water demands in the 2030s and 2050sas well as drought levels in two underdeveloped semi mountainous reservoir catchments, i.e., O Ta Soc and O Tuk Sa in An Giang province. The results suggest that the usable storage capacity of the O Ta Soc reservoir will increase to 650,000 m3 to meet water supply demands under all climate change scenarios and themedium-term, moderate drought conditions. The useable storage capacity of the O Tuk Sa reservoir will also be increased to 880,000 m3 and the irrigation area wouldsee a marked 70% reduction compared to its design irrigation. Under these circumstances, the O Tuk Sa reservoir will continue to supply water under all climatechange scenarios and medium-term droughts. As a core element for strategic planning and to ensure efficient management of water resources, the results highlight theimportance of estimating potential runoff and rainfall in semi-mountainous reservoir catchments under various drought conditions in order to propose the suitableexpansion of the useable water storage capacities.

Additional file 1. Supplement 1. Questionnaire in english version.

Additional file 2. Supplement 2. Details of variable management in this project.

Additional file 1. Public health interventions to prevent transmission from flights in Vietnam.

Background International air travel plays an important role in the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, and tracing of close contacts is an integral part of the public health response to COVID-19. We aimed to assess the timeliness of contact tracing among airline passengers arriving in Vietnam on flights containing COVID-19 cases and investigated factors associated with timeliness of contact tracing. Methods We included data from 2228 passengers on 22 incoming flights between 2 and 19 March 2020. Contact tracing duration was assessed separately for the time between the date of index case confirmation and date of contact tracing initiation (interval I), and the date of contact tracing initiation and completion (interval II). We used log-rank tests and multivariable Poisson regression models to identify factors associated with timeliness. Results The median duration of interval I and interval II was one (IQR: 1–2) and 3 days (IQR: 2–5), respectively. The contact tracing duration was shorter for passengers from flights where the index case was identified through mandatory testing directly upon arrival (median = 4; IQR: 3–5) compared to flights with index case detection through self-presentation at health facilities after arrival (median = 7; IQR: 5–8) (p-value = 0.018). Cumulative hazards for successful tracing were higher for Vietnamese nationals compared to non-Vietnamese nationals (p Conclusions Contact tracing among flight passengers in the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam was timely though delays occurred on high workload days. Mandatory SARS-CoV-2 testing at arrival may reduce contact tracing duration and should be considered as an integrated screening tool for flight passengers from high-risk areas when entering low-transmission settings with limited contact tracing capacity. We recommend a standardized risk-based contact tracing approach for flight passengers during the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.

In this paper, a smart cane can help visually impaired people to detect the obstacles around them is designed and implemented. A PCB board uses a microcontroller to get data from ultrasonic sensors to determine the distance from the cane to the nearest obstacles. This distance information will be transferred to the Android smart phone via Bluetooth protocol. Whenever user is walking to an area where having obstacles around and the distance between user and obstacle is shorter than a predefined threshold, the phone will display distance and give warning by speaking that value in centimeter unit while the vibration motor attached to the cane will vibrate with the intensity in inversely proportional with the value of the distance.