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The control performance of boost converter suffers from the variations of important component parameters, such as inductance and capacitance. In this paper, an online inductance and capacitance identification based on variable forgetting factor recursive least-squares (VFF-RLS) algorithm for boost converter is proposed. First, accurate inductance and capacitance identification models and the RLS algorithm are introduced. In order to balance the steady-state identification accuracy and parameter tracking ability, a forgetting factor control technique is investigated. By recovering system noise in the error signal of the algorithm, the value of forgetting factor is dynamically calculated. In addition, since the sampling rate is much lower than the existing identification methods, the proposed algorithm is practical for low-cost applications. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by experiment. The experiment results show that the algorithm has good performance in tracking inductance and capacitance variations.

Tuber is the main economic organ of potato. It is of great significance to illustrate its formation and development mechanism for high yield breeding of potato. Although some related genes have been reported, there are still a large number of genes involved in tuber production which need to be further excavated and identified. With the continuous innovation and development of sequencing technology, transcriptome data has become more abundant and complicated. The method of screening genes related to specific traits, tissues or developmental stages using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) has been widely used. In this study, to construct co-expression networks and screen co-expression modules related to tuber development, WGCNA was used to analyze transcriptome data of potato DM 1-3516 R44 (DM) material and RH89-039-16 (RH) material from 15 tissues and organs, respectively. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment were performed on the genes in the screening expression module. The top 10 genes in the module were taken as the hub genes, annotated by PGSC database and NCBI, and verified by qRT-PCR. 13 co-expression modules were obtained in both DM and RH materials, among which the Cray module in DM material analysis and the Black module in RH material analysis were significantly correlated with tubers by WGCNA. The analysis showed that the genes of the two modules were significantly enriched in related processes such as hormone metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and cell formation. In addition, gene StGA2ox1, which had been proved to be related to tuber development, was noted in Cyan, and StGA2ox1 was correlated with 10 hub genes in the module in the co-expression analysis. The qRT-PCR results of the hub genes were basically consistent with the results of RNA-seq. In this study, two co-expression modules related to tuber development were identified by WGCNA, and several candidate genes related to tuber development were screened out, which laid a foundation for high yield potato breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs) belong to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family, which integrates external environmental signals such as light and temperature with plant endogenous signal pathways, and then form a complex signal transduction network to precisely regulate the growth and development of plants. Up to now, there are few studies of PIF family genes in potato. Identification and analysis of StPIF family members will help to further improve the yield and quality of potatoes. In this study, BlastP analysis was performed in the potato genome database using Arabidopsis PIFs family member protein sequences as source sequences and seven StPIFs family members were identified. Systemic evolution, chromosome distribution, replication events, protein physicochemical properties, gene structure, motif prediction, promoter cis-acting elements, gene expression pattern, and the response to high temperature stress were also conducted. These results showed that all members of the StPIFs gene family contain Motif 1 (bHLH domain) and Motif 2 (APB domain); multiple cis-regulatory elements involved in light response, hormones, drought, low temperature, and circadian rhythm as well as defense and stress response regulatory elements were predicted in the promoter regions of the StPIF genes. Results of gene expression patterns and high temperature stress response at budding stage revealed that StPIFs family members had obvious tissue expression specificity, indicating their functional differentiation, and most StPIFs members had obvious responses to biotic stress and abiotic stresses including high temperature. In conclusion, these foundlings greatly enriched the understanding of the members of the StPIF family, and laid a theoretical foundation for further exploring the functions of StPIFs genes in responses to biotic stress and abiotic stress during potato growth period including high temperature at tuber stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brain's functional architecture is intricately shaped by causal connections between its cortical and subcortical structures. Here, we studied 27 participants with 4864 electrodes implanted across the anterior, mediodorsal, and pulvinar thalamic regions, and the cortex. Using data from electrical stimulation procedures and a data-driven approach informed by neurophysiological standards, we dissociated three unique spectral patterns generated by the perturbation of a given brain area. Among these, a novel waveform emerged, marked by delayed-onset slow oscillations in both ipsilateral and contralateral cortices following thalamic stimulations, suggesting a mechanism by which a thalamic site can influence bilateral cortical activity. Moreover, cortical stimulations evoked earlier signals in the thalamus than in other connected cortical areas suggesting that the thalamus receives a copy of signals before they are exchanged across the cortex. Our causal connectivity data can be used to inform biologically-inspired computational models of the functional architecture of the brain., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

The brain's functional architecture is intricately shaped by causal connections between its cortical and subcortical structures. Here, we studied 27 participants with 4864 electrodes implanted across the anterior, mediodorsal, and pulvinar thalamic regions, and the cortex. Using data from electrical stimulation procedures and a data-driven approach informed by neurophysiological standards, we dissociated three unique spectral patterns generated by the perturbation of a given brain area. Among these, a novel waveform emerged, marked by delayed-onset slow oscillations in both ipsilateral and contralateral cortices following thalamic stimulations, suggesting a mechanism by which a thalamic site can influence bilateral cortical activity. Moreover, cortical stimulations evoked earlier signals in the thalamus than in other connected cortical areas suggesting that the thalamus receives a copy of signals before they are exchanged across the cortex. Our causal connectivity data can be used to inform biologically-inspired computational models of the functional architecture of the brain., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Objective: To investigate the effect of IFN-α on cytokines in serum of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)., Methods: Fifty patients with CML from March 2012 to December 2015 in our hospital were randomly divided into routine treatment group (n=25) and combined treatment group (n=25), 30 healthy persons were selected as control (control group). The CML patients in routine treatment group were given orally hydroxyurea, the CML patients in combined treatment group were treated with recombinant human interferon α2b injection based on routine treatment (hydroxyurea plus IFN-α group). The levels of ALP, IL-6, PGE-2, MMP-2, and bFGF in serum were detected by ELISA. The cytogenetic, molecular and hematologic responses of patients in routine treatment group and combined treatment group, including patients in chronic and accelerated blastic phases were compared after 6 weeks of treatment., Results: The servum levels of ALP, IL-6, PGE-2, MMP-2 and bFGF in CML patients with chronic and accelerated blastic phases all were higher than those in control group(P<0.05). The levels of MMP-2 and bFGF in CML patients with chronic phase were highr than those of CML patients with accelerated blastic phase (P<0.05), the levels of ALP, PGE-2 and IL-6 of patients with chronic phase were significantly lower than those of patients in accelerated blastic phase (P<0.05). The ALP, IL-6, PGE-2, MMP-2 and bFGF levels in combined treatment group were significantly lower than those in the routine treatment group after 2 weeks and 6 weeks of treatment(P<0.05); After the end of treatment, the CHR of routine treatment group was 56%, which was lower than that of combined treatment group 84%(χ 2 =18.667, P<0.001); the CCyR of routine treatment group was 32% which was significantly higher than 12% in combined treatment group(χ 2 =11.655, P<0.001); the CMR of routine treatment group was 12% that was significantly higher than 4% in combined treatment group (χ 2 =4.347, P=0.037). The median survival time of routine treatment group was significantly shorter than that of the combined treatment group, but there was no significant difference during follow-up (P>0.05)., Conclusion: IFN-α can alleviate the symptoms of patients with CML and inhibit the process of disease with CML patients, effectively inhibit the expression of disease-related cytokines.