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We and others have previously reported linkage to schizophrenia on chromosome 10q25-q26 but, to date, a susceptibility gene in the region has not been identified. We examined data from 3606 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping to 10q25-q26 that had been typed in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of schizophrenia (479 UK cases/2937 controls). SNPs with P

This paper summarizes studies in the field of growth and characterization of multi-crystalline (mc) silicon ingots performed within the Cluster of Excellence "Structure Design of Novel High-Performance Materials via Atomic Design and Defect Engineering (ADDE)". Experimental results on the interaction between impurities, inclusions, dislocations and grain boundaries in multi-crystalline (mc) silicon ingots grown from well-mixed and poorly mixed melts in graphite-containing and graphite free configurations are presented. The ingots were grown in a high-vacuum induction furnace by the vertical Bridgman (VB) method and the degree of impurity mixing within the melt was modified by changing the growth configuration and the growth rate. Vertical and horizontal slices were prepared from the ingots and analyzed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, as well as reflected-light and IR transmission microscopy to measure the axial carbon concentration and the distribution of dislocations or inclusions, respectively. The correlation between individual inclusions and dislocations has been investigated by correlative reflected-light/IR transmission and scanning electron microscopy in both setups. The influence of the melt mixing on the segregation of carbon is demonstrated and discussed with respect to the consequences for the formation of inclusions and dislocation clusters in multi-crystalline silicon. Additionally the alignment of dislocations in samples from VB-grown ingots and wafers from edge-defined film-fed (EFG) growth are investigated. Crystallographic orientations of single grains and dislocation structures are analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction and by the "traces on two parallel surfaces" method. The influence of the growth and cooling conditions on the final alignment of dislocations in mc-Si is discussed and explained.

Physical activity (PA) may be therapeutic for people with severe mental illness (SMI) who generally have low PA and experience numerous life style-related medical complications. We conducted a meta-review of PA interventions and their impact on health outcomes for people with SMI, including schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. We searched major electronic databases until January 2018 for systematic reviews with/without meta-analysis that investigated PA for any SMI. We rated the quality of studies with the AMSTAR tool, grading the quality of evidence, and identifying gaps, future research needs and clinical practice recommendations. For MDD, consistent evidence indicated that PA can improve depressive symptoms versus control conditions, with effects comparable to those of antidepressants and psychotherapy. PA can also improve cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in people with MDD, although the impact on physical health outcomes was limited. There were no differences in adverse events versus control conditions. For MDD, larger effect sizes were seen when PA was delivered at moderate-vigorous intensity and supervised by an exercise specialist. For schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, evidence indicates that aerobic PA can reduce psychiatric symptoms, improves cognition and various subdomains, cardiorespiratory fitness, whilst evidence for the impact on anthropometric measures was inconsistent. There was a paucity of studies investigating PA in bipolar disorder, precluding any definitive recommendations. No cost effectiveness analyses in any SMI condition were identified. We make multiple recommendations to fill existing research gaps and increase the use of PA in routine clinical care aimed at improving psychiatric and medical outcomes.

Psychiatrisches Wissen und Handeln weist innerhalb der Medizin die wohl komplexeste Vernetzung mit der Ideen- und Sozialgeschichte auf. Daher birgt eine knappe Darstellung der Psychiatriegeschichte stets das Risiko unzulassiger Verkurzung: Die folgende Ubersicht kann somit nur einer ersten Orientierung dienen und ein vertieftes Literaturstudium nicht ersetzen. Zwar orientiert sich der Aufbau des Beitrags v. a. an der Chronologie der wesentlichen psychiatrischen Konzepte von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, doch wurde gerade mit Blick auf das 19. und 20. Jahrhundert diese zeitliche Strukturierung zugunsten einer mehr thematischen Schwerpunktsetzung aufgelockert. Eine bemerkenswerte Tatsache ist die grose Ahnlichkeit psychiatrischer Grundfragestellungen in der antiken, der mittelalterlichen und der neuzeitlichen Medizin, etwa die Fragen nach dem Verhaltnis von psychischer Storung und betroffener Person und deren Biografie, nach der Bedeutung somatischer Funktionsstorungen fur die Genese psychischer Krankheiten und auch die Debatten um das Verstandnis psychopathologischer Phanomene als ubersteigerter Ausdruck anthropologischer Konstanten („Urangste“) oder als Metaphern metaphysischer Zusammenhange. Aus Platzgrunden wurde auf den ideengeschichtlichen Kontext und den Nachweis seiner Relevanz fur das heutige klinische Denken und Handeln in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie grosserer Wert gelegt als auf die Nennung moglichst vieler Personen oder Veroffentlichungen.