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INTRODUCTION: The age increases in the will to conceive haveled to an increase in the difficulty of reproduction that is being compensated by the development of assisted reproduction techniques; however, the feelings accompanying their use are the same as in perinatal grief while not always recognized. OBJECTIVE.To explore the feelings of grief of women and their partners in the sterility process, from the moment they access the first sterility consultation at the Hospitals of San Juan and Alcoy until the referral to in vitrofertilization techniques. METHODOLOGY.Qualitative research from the phenomenological perspective. Data collection through individual in-depth interviews. The information was recorded, transcribed, coded, triangulated, and interpreted. Analysis using the validated Atlas-ti 8 tool. RESULTS.Three categories were identified: psychological, social and spiritual feelings. Those are, in turn, grouped into twelve subcategories: anxiety, frustration, sadness, fear, emotional ambivalence, justification, loneliness, trivialization, search for meaning, guilt and acceptance. CONCLUSION.Couples included in assisted reproduction programsexpressed feelings of grief that match perinatal grief (anxiety, fear, frustration, ambivalence, social isolation, trivialization, search for meaning, guilt and acceptance). Gender differences continue to exist. The support of family, friends, and professionals is essential. The need to improve the quality of care is evident: with a continuity of professionals, with theirtrainingto provide comprehensive care and with the existence of protocols

La aparición del movimiento maker y la filosofía DIY (Do It Yourself) está provocando el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías, enfoques y recursos educativos que se basan en principios como la creación, la colaboración y el aprender haciendo. Uno de estos nuevos enfoques es STEAM, que se fundamenta en la necesidad de apostar por las ciencias (S), la tecnología (T), la ingeniería (E), las artes (A) y las matemáticas (M) de manera transversal e interdisciplinar, para transformar los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje, en procesos integrados y creativos (Yakman, 2008a). MÉTODO. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre estudios e investigaciones relacionados con el enfoque educativo STEAM, con el objetivo de obtener una visión general de la literatura científica producida sobre ello entre los años 2008-2019. Se han identificado en Scopus, ERIC, Dialnet, GoogleScholar y ResearchGate y analizado un total de 48 artículos con una hoja de registro elaborada a tal efecto. RESULTADOS. Los resultados muestran que el 83.3% de la investigaciones que se realizan son de tipo cuantitativo, el 12.5% cualitativas y el 4.1% mixtas. Siendo el objetivo principal (39.5%) el desarrollo, aplicación y evaluación de propuestas STEAM y la temática más recurrente (60.4%) el análisis de la combinación del arte con la ciencia, la tecnología o las matemáticas. DISCUSIÓN. La investigación confirma que STEAM se posiciona como un enfoque eficaz para aumentar la creatividad, la motivación y la autoeficacia del alumnado en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje, siempre que prime la interdisciplinariedad y la conexión con la vida real de los contenidos, a través de las metodologías de investigación o indagación. Siendo las principales dificultades para la puesta en marcha de proyectos STEAM, las limitaciones económicas, curriculares y temporales del profesorado.

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity is based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). The AHI is a simplistic measure that is inadequate for capturing disease severity and its consequences in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Deleterious effects of OSA have been suggested to influence the prognosis of specific endotypes of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We aim to identify respiratory polygraphy (RP) patterns that contribute to identifying the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with ACS.MethodsPost hoc analysis of the ISAACC study, including 723 patients admitted for a first ACS (NCT01335087) in which RP was performed. To identify specific RP patterns, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using six RP parameters: AHI, oxygen desaturation index, mean and minimum oxygen saturation (SaO2), average duration of events and percentage of time with SaO2 < 90%. An independent HypnoLaus population-based cohort was used to validate the RP components.ResultsFrom the ISAACC study, PCA showed that two RP components accounted for 70% of the variance in the RP data. These components were validated in the HypnoLaus cohort, with two similar RP components that explained 71.3% of the variance in the RP data. The first component (component 1) was mainly characterized by low mean SaO2 and obstructive respiratory events with severe desaturation, and the second component (component 2) was characterized by high mean SaO2 and long-duration obstructive respiratory events without severe desaturation. In the ISAACC cohort, component 2 was associated with an increased risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in the third tertile with an adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) of 2.44 (1.07 to 5.56; p-value = 0.03) compared to first tertile. For component 1, no significant association was found for the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.ConclusionA RP component, mainly characterized by intermittent hypoxemia, is associated with a high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in patients without previous CVD who have suffered a first ACS.

En este artículo se desarrollan los resultados obtenidos en un Proyecto de Innovación y Mejora de la Calidad Docente, concedido por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, con código PIMCD nº 41 titulado “De la paleta al soporte pictórico. Lecciones esenciales en el aprendizaje de la gramática de la Pintura/:yo objetivo principal fue generar material docente complementario como apoyo bibliográfico para diversas asignaturas de carácter obligatorio de pintura, impartidas en 2º de Grado en Bellas Artes, concretamente Procesos de la Pintura y Conformación del Espacio Pictórico, así como generar documentación inédita tanto para alumnos como amantes de la pintura, la cual colabore a que se pueda conocer al pintor de manera más íntima, pudiendo acercarnos un poco más a su trabajo, conociendo por ejemplo qué tipo de paleta utiliza, gamas de colores que maneja, tipos de pinceles, soportes e imprimaciones preferidos. Abstract This article elaborates on the outcomes of an “Innovation and Improvement of Teaching Quality” project, granted by the Complutense University of Madrid. The PIMCD Nº41 project, titled “From the palette to the pictorial support. Essential lessons in learning the grammar of Painting”, has as its main goal generating and facilitating complementary teaching material in the form of bibliographic support for various compulsory subjects in the Painting track of the second course of the Fine Arts undergraduate program – named “Paint Processes” [Procesos de la Pintura] and “Formation of the Pictorial Space” [Conformación del Espacio Pictórico]. In addition, the project aims at generating original documentation accessible by both alumni and art lovers, facilitating a better understanding of the painter’s motivations and closer connection to their art by solving questions such as the why of using a specific palette, range of colors, brush type, supports or primers.

Introduction: Loneliness is the lack of company, implies the lack of contact with other people. Due to scientific advances in the health field, the average age has increased and care in the elderly is increasingly important to avoid loneliness and the problems it can cause in their health. Objectives: To analyze the process of assessing the situation of loneliness in the elderly population by health professionals and describe those nursing interventions that contribute to the improvement in this situation. Material and methods: Bibliographic review in the main scientific databases of articles in English and Spanish in the last five years. The PICO question has been raised about the care of the elderly and loneliness. The number of articles consulted has been 21. In addition, the SACYL service portfolio and the NNN Consult search engine have been reviewed. Results: The use of different scales, OARS, UCLA, Gijón or Philadelphia, together with needs assessment models, allow early detection of loneliness in the elderly and therefore carry out prevention activities. The NIC Nurse Intervention Classification includes nursing interventions in line with NANDA Nurses Diagnoses appropriate to the results we expect to obtain from loneliness in the elderly. Conclusions: The health personnel is key in the detection of loneliness in the elderly through the use of the different means that the health system makes available to them. Detecting it early avoids other health problems that occur because of it.

Introduction In recent years, multiple studies have aimed to develop and validate portable technological devices capable of monitoring the motor complications of Parkinson’s disease patients (Parkinson’s Holter). The effectiveness of these monitoring devices for improving clinical control is not known.Methods and analysis This is a single-blind, cluster-randomised controlled clinical trial. Neurologists from Spanish health centres will be randomly assigned to one of three study arms (1:1:1): (a) therapeutic adjustment using information from a Parkinson’s Holter that will be worn by their patients for 7 days, (b) therapeutic adjustment using information from a diary of motor fluctuations that will be completed by their patients for 7 days and (c) therapeutic adjustment using clinical information collected during consultation. It is expected that 162 consecutive patients will be included over a period of 6 months.The primary outcome is the efficiency of the Parkinson’s Holter compared with traditional clinical practice in terms of Off time reduction with respect to the baseline (recorded through a diary of motor fluctuations, which will be completed by all patients). As secondary outcomes, changes in variables related to other motor complications (dyskinesia and freezing of gait), quality of life, autonomy in activities of daily living, adherence to the monitoring system and number of doctor–patient contacts will be analysed. The noninferiority of the Parkinson’s Holter against the diary of motor fluctuations in terms of Off time reduction will be studied as the exploratory objective.Ethics and dissemination approval for this study has been obtained from the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge Ethics Committee. The results of this study will inform the practical utility of the objective information provided by a Parkinson’s Holter and, therefore, the convenience of adopting this technology in clinical practice and in future clinical trials. We expect public dissemination of the results in 2022.Trial registration NCT04176302; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04176302

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death and a major public health-care problem worldwide. At present, methods for plasma detection of cancer are limited. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been proposed as genetic regulators, which are deregulated in different types of cancer. The miRNAs are stable in serum/plasma and can be detected. Circulating miRNAs in plasma have been proposed as potential diagnostic biomarkers in GC. Materials and methods: After reviewing the relevant literature, the expression levels of seven miRNAs (miR-16, miR-21, miR-25, miR-26a, miR-92, miR-218, miR-223, and miR-451) were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan microRNA Assays (Applied Biosystems) in plasma samples from GC patients (n = 80) and healthy controls (n = 80). Results: Our results demonstrated that the expression levels of miR-21 and miR-25 were significantly upregulated in GC patients compared to healthy controls with a Fold Change of 11.551 and 60.129, respectively, while miR-223 showed downregulation in GC patients compared to healthy controls with a Fold Change of −247.281. The absolute value of Fold Change > 2 was consider significant, p < 0.05. Conclusions: Our results indicated that miR-21, miR-25, and miR-223 in plasma samples can be served as a potential noninvasive tool in detection of GC.

Este trabajo pretende dar testimonio de la temprana influencia dialectal murciana en el oriente andaluz a través de la documentación de murcianismos en inventarios de bienes almerienses de los siglos XVI y XVII. Para ello, partiendo de nuestro corpus, recopilaremos la información lexicográfica académica y dialectal de las voces seleccionadas (albar, bancal, cambuj, corbo, tahúlla, tendido y olivera) y nos serviremos del CorLexIn para confirmar la circunscripción murciana de los términos estudiados. This work aims to bear witness to the early murcian dialectal influence in eastern Andalusia through the documentation of murcianism in inventories of goods from Almería in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. For it, starting from our corpus, we will compile the academic lexicographic and dialectal information of the selected voices (albar, bancal, cambuj, corbo, tahúlla, tendido and olivera) and We will use the CorLexIn to confirm the murcian circumscription of the studied terms.

El alumnado actual, inmerso en una sociedad repleta de datos, está acostumbrado a gestionar y comunicarse de modo audiovisual en su día a día. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista académico este aspecto tecnológico -el audiovisual- no está suficientemente integrado en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Uno de los motivos parece deberse a la escasa formación del profesorado en esta forma de comunicación. En este trabajo, se plantea la elaboración de un documental escolar sobre un tópico de ciencia a alumnos del Grado de Primaria y del Máster de Secundaria, y se analiza cómo evolucionan los contenidos propuestos por los estudiantes en cada uno de los pasos seguidos. Puede destacarse que con el cambio de formato de texto a vídeo el tratamiento de los contenidos cambió. En concreto, la necesidad de redactar un guion forzó a los estudiantes a incorporar una trama argumental en la que engarzar los contenidos escolares. Esta necesidad discursiva forzó la búsqueda de situaciones reales y la consecuente ubicación de los contenidos escolares en unos más cercanos al alumnado. Esto facilitó la aparición de sus intereses, la vinculación entre su mundo y el contexto académico y, todo ello, con su modo de expresarse. Por otra parte, la incorporación de imágenes obligó a los futuros profesores a mostrar ordenadamente los hechos; tuvieron que considerar qué elementos visuales eran prioritarios, cuáles secundarios, cómo vincularlos, cómo indicar al espectador dónde mirar y cómo mirar. En definitiva, estos procedimientos expresados en imágenes pasaron a ser contenidos de aprendizaje en sí mismos.

La creación de audiovisuales en el aula ha pasado en muy pocos años a ser una herramienta de utilización masiva. Pero, la celeridad de los cambios producidos ha significado que una buena parte del profesorado actual no disponga de ejemplos vivenciales en su instrucción como alumnos. Esto implica que existe una gran cantidad de cuestiones sobre el modo apropiado de incorporar estos recursos: cómo utilizar YouTube, cómo diseñar y realizar vídeo de contenido educativo, cómo incorporar estas cuestiones a la formación del profesorado, etc. En este trabajo, nos centramos en analizar las progresiones de los futuros docentes en el tratamiento de los contenidos cuando abordan la creación de audiovisuales educativos sobre cuestiones de ciencia. Nuestros resultados indican que la falta de referentes previos para esta tarea impulsa a los futuros profesores a indagar nuevos caminos. Desde el punto de vista de formadores de docentes, esto supondría que enfrentar a nuestros estudiantes a tareas alejadas de lo que les resulta familiar hace que abandonen sus roles estandarizados. Es decir, parece que el cambio de formato (de texto a vídeo en la generación de contenidos) induce a una evolución hacia un planteamiento menos estandarizado, más innovador, de los contenidos tratados.

ResumenLa presente investigación está centrada en los niveles del Sentido de la Vida más habituales en sujetos con discapacidad física y analizar las posibles diferencias en función de la edad, género y satisfacción con la vida. Para ello, se aplicó el Test de Purpose in Life (PIL) a 128 personas con discapacidad física, con edades entre 19 y 30 años (M= 24.62; DT= 3.03). Se utiliza una metodología cuantitativa con un diseño transversal, descriptivo y analítico. Los principales resultados ponen de manifiesto que los sujetos del intervalo de edad comprendido entre los 19-24 años presentan los mayores niveles en todos los factores, encontrando diferencias significativas, solamente, en el factor valor de vida. En relación al género, las mujeres muestran mayores puntuaciones con respecto a los hombres, mostrando diferencias significativas en todos los factores. Atendiendo a la satisfacción con la vida, las personas con discapacidad física se manifiestan bastante satisfechas en valor de vida y capacidad de significado, y algo en metas y responsabilidad, revelando diferencias significativas en valor de vida y metas y responsabilidad. En el análisis comparativo con sujetos sin discapacidad se evidencian diferencias significativas en todos los factores, siendo los sujetos con discapacidad físico los que obtienen los mayores promedios. En la discusión se analizan las implicaciones a la luz de los resultados hallados, subrayando el papel relevante del Sentido de la vida en el desarrollo y manejo de situaciones con discapacidad física.Palabras clave: sentido de la vida, Purpose-In-Life Test, PIL, discapacidad física. AbstractThe present research is focused on the most common levels of the Sense of life on subjects by physical disability, and to analyze the possible differences depending on the age, gender and life satisfaction. To do this, the Purpose in Life test (PIL) was applied to 128 people with physical disability, with ages between 19 and 30 years (M=24.62; DT=3.03). A quantitative methodology is used with a transversal, descriptive and analytical design. The main results show that the subjects of the age range between 19-24 years have the highest levels in all the factors, finding significant differences, only, in the value of life. In relation to gender, women show higher scores with respect to men, showing significant differences in all factors. Attending to life satisfaction, people with physical disability are quite satisfied in life value and ability of meaning, and something in goals and responsibility, revealing significant differences in life value and goals and responsibility. In the comparative analysis with subjects without disabilities, significant differences are evidenced in all the factors, being the subjects with physical disability those that obtain the highest averages. In the discussion, the implications are analyzed in light of the results found, underlining the relevant role of the Sense of life in the development and management of situations with physical disability.Keywords: sense of life, Purpose-In-Life, PIL and physical disability.Antonio López Castedo. Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0604-0607DOI: https://doi.org/10.17398/2340-4256.13.73

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir los primeros resultados del programa de cribado de cáncer colorrectal en Aragón para valorar su implantación. Métodos: Se recogen los datos del programa en el primer año de implantación (2014), basado en la realización de test de sangre oculta en heces inmunoquímico para personas de 60-69 años de edad. Se reportan los indicadores principales de la red nacional de cribado. Resultados: Población invitada tras exclusiones: 12.518 personas. Tasa de participación: 45,28% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 44,41-46,15). Test inadecuados: 0,21% (IC95%: 0,12-0,37). Test positivos: 10,75% (IC95%: 9,97-11,58). Aceptación de colonoscopia: 95,07% (IC95%: 93,04-96,52). Colonoscopias completas: 97,58% (IC95%: 95,98-98,55). Tasas de detección de adenomas de alto riesgo: 14,7‰ (IC95%: 11.9-18.2); adenomas de bajo riesgo: 5,55‰ (IC95%: 3,9-7,8). Valor predictivo positivo (VVP) para cualquier adenoma: 58,55% (IC95%: 54,49-62,49); VVP para cáncer invasivo: 5,36% (IC95%: 3,8-7,51). Conclusión: El análisis de los indicadores muestra que el programa se está implantando de forma adecuada. Abstract: Objective: To describe preliminary findings from the colorectal cancer screening programme in Aragon (Spain) to evaluate its implementation. Methods: We have collected data from the first year of the program (2014) based on faecal occult blood immunochemical (FOBTi) test in patients 60-69 years old. We report “indicators” defined by the “Red Nacional de Cribado”. Results: Invited population after exclusions: 12,518. Program participation rate: 45.28% (95%CI: 44.41-46.15). Inadequate tests: 0.21% (95%CI: 0.12-0.37); positive FOBTi test 10.75% (95%CI: 9.97-11.58) and colonoscopy acceptance 95.07% (95%CI: 93.04-96.52). Colonoscopy was appropriate and complete in 97.58% (95%CI: 95.98–98.55) of cases. The high- and low-risk adenoma detection rates were 14.7‰ (95%CI: 11.9-18.2) and 5.55‰ (95%CI: 3.9-7.8) respectively. The positive predictive value for any adenoma was 58.55% (95%CI: 54.49-62.49) and for invasive cancer was 5.36% (95%CI: 3.8-7.51). Conclusion: The indicator analysis of the ongoing programme suggests the programme is being implemented correctly in our community. Palabras clave: Cáncer colorrectal, Cribado, Sangre oculta en heces, Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Screening, Faecal occult blood immunochemical test

The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) involves changing traditional methods to promote innovative teaching experiences. This paper has two main aims: a) to show evidence of the use of Interactive Response Systems (IRS) to identify gaps in the understanding of the course contents and b) to investigate factors influencing students’ attitudes towards the use of IRS. The experience was developed through a collective tutoring session in the subject of Economics using IRS. Economics is a first-year subject in the Degree of Business Administration and Management offered by the University of Cadiz, which includes contents of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics and uses economic models to explain the function of the economy and the behaviour of economic agents. Results show that IRS technique allows detecting gaps in learning and comprehension. From our econometric estimations, we also identify two strongly significant variables affecting students’ attitudes towards IRS: gender and received explanations regarding the use of IRS. Variables such as first enrolment in the subject and the number of hours devoted to studying have a positive and significant effect on the attitude to IRS, but at a lower level of significance (from 5% to 10%).

Esta investigación describe la comunidad Fans - CityVille (N=110) en función de las variables sexo, tiempo dedicado al juego, nivel alcanzado y dinero invertido. Asimismo, identifica los tres perfiles de jugador virtual asociados con las motivaciones esgrimidas para permanecer en el juego, los objetivos prioriza dos en el mismo y las razones alegadas para interactuar con otros jugadores: a) utilitarista - adictivo, b) aprendizaje lúdico - colaborativo, y c) prosocial. Entre los resultados se observa que los usuarios juegan para divertirse interaccionando online y colaborando con otros para hacer crecer sus ciudades en CityVille , son felices jugando y compartiendo afición. Aproximadamente la mitad juega entre 3 - 6 horas diarias y, aunque se podía jugar sin gastar dinero, casi la mitad inv ertía una media de 8$ mens uales para avanzar más rápido. Los hombres se muestran más utilitaristas, buscan alcanzar el máximo nivel y solo interactúan con otros jugadores para obtener beneficios y ganar; a diferencia de las mujeres que valoran el aprendizaje derivado de este entret enimiento colaborativo y prosocial, ponderan más el intercambio de estrategias, la colaboración mutua y la oportunidad que les brinda el juego para ampliar su red de contactos y amistades.

Utilizar Internet es una práctica habitual entre los menores actualmente denominados “nativos digitales”, sin embargo, muchas veces el entorno familiar que les rodea no está preparado para acompañarlos en este proceso y asegurar que su experiencia sea positiva. Este artículo plantea el contexto, proceso de construcción y desarrollo de una red de innovación interprofesional, preocupada por fomentar un uso “con sentidiño” (con sensated) y responsable de Internet. Dicha red forma parte de un proyecto de investigación participativa en progreso, enmarcado en la ciudad de Pontevedra preocupado por la inclusión educativa y social. Se parte de un análisis de lo que se quiere transformar y la identificación de recursos, para planificar, implementar y difundir, un kit multimodal de materiales formativos e informativos relacionados con la seguridad y las oportunidades de Internet, dirigido a las familias.Internet use is a common practice among minors currently called "digital natives", however, many times the family environment around them is not prepared to accompany them in this process and ensure that their experience is positive. This article presents the context, process of construction and development of a network of interprofessional innovation, concerned with promoting a "sentidiño" (with sensated) use and responsible for the Internet. This network is part of a participatory research project in progress, framed in the city of Pontevedra, concerned about educational and social inclusion. It is based on an analysis of what is to be transformed and the identification of resources, to plan, implement and disseminate a multimodal kit of educational and informative materials related to security and Internet opportunities, aimed at families. KEYWORD: participatory research, use of the Internet, parental control, digital competence, family.

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar una reflexión sobre algunos aspectos imprescindibles en la Educación: la imaginación, la fantasía y la creatividad; las cuales nos permiten el desarrollo del aprendizaje y la autonomía personal. En el fomento de las mismas subyace un aspecto lúdico que no debe ser despreciado. Hay que dar importancia a las producciones creativas del alumnado. Esta reflexión manifiesta su necesidad y utilidad en las aulas para contribuir a la evolución global de la persona, pero también la necesidad de facilitar a la comunidad educativa propuestas para su estímulo.

MOOCs allow students to access information and knowledge in a personalized way, using unique learning experiences to build and manage their own Personal Learning Environments (PLEs), promoting the use of resources and their cognitive style adaptable tools. In this sense, the article proposes a series of indicators to determine the quality and adaptability of MOOC ecosystems to offer various possibilities for learning and communication. To this end, an instrument was developed and used to identify the conditions and characteristics that contribute to making a MOOC for building PLE spaces, composed of 30 items grouped around 5 dimensions of analysis: 1) access and content organization, 2) mechanisms to promote learning, 3) social and educational communication, 4) creating and publishing personal elaborations, and 5) collaborative tasks of collective production. The validation of the instrument was performed using the Delphi method, collecting in a database expert opinions from a sample of teachers with experience in design and development of MOOCs, allowing the shaping and reshaping of the 30 items that made up the instrument, from the expert reviews and comments. All of them were grouped and integrated into the instrument to give its final version and the development of quality indicators.

Se recogen las opiniones de las responsables de las Asociaciones de Amas de Casa asturianas, preocupadas por el cumplimiento de la Ley General de Contenidos Audiovisuales LGCA de las televisiones sobre protección de menores. Denuncian que no se respetan los horarios protegidos, piden la retirada de publicidad engañosa y modelos cuestionables en series juveniles y dibujos animados, critican la manipulación informativa. Demandan rigor para señalar las edades recomendadas de sus programaciones; compromiso para preservar la intimidad de los menores; y responsabilidad para favorecer su desarrollo físico y mental. Además, hacen propuestas para fomentar el entretenimiento y la difusión de la cultura en los espacios televisivos infantiles.

En este artículo nos aproximamos a las medidas de atención a la diversidad reguladas en la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia, situada en el noroeste de España, desde una óptica discursiva de las acciones propuestas en la normativa vigente. Tras la revisión de diferentes conceptos comúnmente asociados al ámbito de la diversidad, nos detenemos en el análisis de los preceptos actuales para terminar valorando su pertinencia e implicación en el marco de una escuela para todos. Así, la inclusión del alumnado y los nuevos planteamientos en nuestro país sobre educación, son los ejes fundamentales alrededor de los que gira este trabajo.

Frente a los criticados videojuegos bélicos, CityVille -alojado en redes sociales- promueve un entretenimiento de carácter constructivo entre jugadores online, propiciando dinámicas de interacción social y participación activa. La encuesta realizada a videojugadores (N=105) refleja que les mueve su afán de divertirse construyendo sus propias ciudades virtuales. Los hombres priman su expansión para alcanzar el máximo nivel, comunicándose con otros para obtener beneficios y ganar, mientras las mujeres valoran más el intercambio de estrategias y la colaboración mutua. Sin duda, este videojuego fomenta la resolución de problemas desde una óptica dialógica alejada de guerras y confrontaciones.

En los últimos años se ha producido una transformación en la sociedad asumiendo las implicaciones que tiene la práctica de actividad física en el desarrollo físico, social, emocional y cognitivo de los adolescentes. En esta etapa se aprenden e inician una gran variedad de comportamientos críticos para la salud y el bienestar que condicionan de forma notable su vida adulta. La actividad física mejora la calidad de vida y la socialización en los adolescentes; mientras que, un estilo de vida sedentario tiene potenciales consecuencias negativas a largo plazo. Por tanto, el objetivo que se plantea esta investigación es conocer las variables motivacionales implicadas en la actividad física en función del sexo y rendimiento académico de alumnos que cursan secundaria. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal en una muestra de 326 adolescentes entre 12 y 16 años, con una edad media de 13.86 y una desviación típica de 1.25. Se aplicó el Autoinforme de Motivos para la Práctica de Ejercicio Físico (AMPEF)de Markland e Ingledew (1997), en versión española de Capdevila, Niñarola y Pintanel (2004). Se trata de un cuestionario formado por 48 ítems agrupados en 11 dimensiones, en una escala tipo Likert que va de 0 (nada verdadero para mí) a 10 (totalmente verdadero para mí) y se centra en evaluar los diferentes motivos que influyen en la decisión de una persona para iniciar un estilo de vida más activo. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto diferencias significativas, atendiendo al sexo, en las dimensiones de Peso e Imagen Corporal, Diversión y Bienestar, Prevención de Salud Positiva, Competición, Afiliación, Fuerza y resistencia muscular, Reconocimiento social y Desafío; mientras que, en el rendimiento académico, se exhiben en Diversión y Bienestar, Prevención y Salud Positiva, Afiliación, Fuerza y Resistencia Muscular y Desafío. En conclusión: el conocimiento de los motivos de la actividad física podría permitir desarrollar programas de intervención eficaces y duraderos en la adopción de estilos de vida saludables en los adolescentes actuales.

O traballo que se presenta forma parte do proxecto de investigación denominado “A conciliación nos tempos cotiáns da infancia en Galicia: problemáticas específicas e alternativas pedagóxico-sociais e prácticas de lecer nas escolas, familias e comunidades (CONCILIA_D@S)”, financiado pola Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria na convocatoria de Emerxentes (2014-PG004). A finalidade principal do proxecto é coñecer e analizar como se organizan os tempos cotiáns da infancia en Galicia atendendo a diferentes tipoloxías familiares, coas diferentes circunstancias que nelas concorren: estrutura do hábitat (rural e urbano), tempos escolares (calendarios e horarios lectivos) e actividades de lecer. No marco dunha metodoloxía integradora que fai uso de diversas estratexias e procesos de indagación (cuantitativos e cualitativos) tanto na recollida de datos como na interpretación da información, proponse o estudo de casos e identificación de boas prácticas na conciliación dos tempos, así como en iniciativas de Educación do Lecer nos ámbitos rurais e urbanos. En concreto, este traballo céntrase na identificación de boas prácticas -entendidas como experiencias exemplares que orientan a acción socioeducativa e son susceptibles de ser transferidas e implementadas noutros contextos con obxectivos semellantes- vinculadas á conciliación dos tempos familiares, laborais e escolares e que posibilitan novas opcións para un desenvolvemento máis integral da infancia, especialmente nos planos formativo e lúdico-recreativo. A análise toma como referencia o protagonismo que teñen -tanto no rural como no urbano- as Administracións Locais de Galicia e a súa potencial incidencia na oferta e desenvolvemento de servizos e programas que garantan a conciliación dos tempos e o benestar da infancia, especialmente nos tempos extraescolares e nos períodos de vacacións. Entre os criterios empregados para a selección das boas prácticas destacan: a permanencia, a innovación e a transferibilidade. Por último, se sinalan os aspectos converxentes das iniciativas presentadas, o seu influxo no benestar infantil e algunhas recomendacións de carácter pedagóxico-social derivadas do estudo das actuacións que os municipios están a poñer en marcha para favorecer a conciliación nos seus territorios.

En el campo educacional se presta cada vez mayor interés al estudio de las estrategias de afrontamiento debido a la relevancia que adquieren en los adolescentes al tener que enfrentarse a los desafíos en el curso del proceso de maduración, que involucra cambios físicos, psicológicos, cognoscitivos y sociales, sobre todo si se contemplan las presiones y estrés creciente al que están sometidos en ambientes de estudio y trabajo cada vez más competitivos. En el presente trabajo se analiza la incidencia que la variable sexo y centro educativo tienen sobre las estrategias de afrontamiento en los adolescentes gallegos. La muestra está formada por 447 adolescentes entre 12 y 16 años, con una edad media de 13.83 y una desviación típica de 1.38. Para la evaluación de las estrategias de afrontamiento se utilizo el Test de Evaluación de Afrontamiento en Adolescentes de Frydenberg y Lewis (1993), en versión de Richaud de Minzi (2003). Está compuesto por 46 ítems con formas diferentes con las que los adolescentes suelen encarar sus problemas o preocupaciones, utilizando una escala Likert con 5 alternativas y midiendo 11 dimensiones o estrategias. El diseño corresponde a un estudio cuantitativo de tipo transversal, descriptivo y analítico. Los resultados encontrados sugieren que las mujeres manejan más las estrategias de reestructuración cognitiva, fatalismo, evasión a través de la diversión, focalización del problema, búsqueda de apoyo emocional y descarga emocional y somatización; mientras que los hombres se valen de las de autoinculparse, evasión a través de la actividad física, aislamiento y no acción. A su vez, en el centro educativo se observa que la mayoría de las estrategias son empleadas por los adolescentes de centros privados, a excepción de aislamiento y no acción. Se aprecian diferencias significativas en ambas variables. En la discusión se analizan las implicaciones a la luz de los resultados hallados, incidiendo en la identificación de las estrategias de afrontamiento con que cuentan los adolescentes al considerar los recursos de que disponen y que contribuyen al crecimiento y desarrollo saludable, en la medida que protegen al individuo y le permiten afrontar las situaciones de riesgo que se le presenten.

Abstract: The US overdose crisis is driving a surge in HIV diagnoses among persons who inject drugs (PWID). Innovative approaches are needed to address this increase in cases. Although HIV self-testing (HIVST) was hailed as a potential "game-changer" upon initial approval by the Food and Drug Administration over a decade ago, this convenient testing modality has not reached its full potential to impact the HIV epidemic. Nevertheless, lessons regarding self-testing for infectious diseases from the COVID-19 pandemic present an opportunity to increase HIVST uptake and reach current US goals of Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) by 2030. In this commentary, we first discuss facilitators and barriers of HIVST for PWID. We then explore how lessons regarding self-testing during the COVID-19 pandemic can allow us to realize the potential of HIVST for PWID. We conclude by suggesting the future utilization of HIVST to address 2 EHE pillars, rapid diagnosis of HIV cases and cluster identification., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 American Society of Addiction Medicine.)

Background: Liver transplantations (LTs) with extended criteria have produced surgical results comparable to those obtained with traditional standards. However, it is not sufficient to predict hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after LT according to morphological criteria alone. The present study aimed to construct a nomogram for predicting HCC recurrence after LT using extended selection criteria., Methods: Retrospective data on patients with HCC, including pathology, serological markers and follow-up data, were collected from January 2015 to April 2020 at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify and construct the prognostic nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Kaplan-Meier curves, decision curve analyses (DCAs), calibration diagrams, net reclassification indices (NRIs) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) values were used to assess the prognostic capacity of the nomogram., Results: A total of 301 patients with HCC who underwent LT were enrolled in the study. The nomogram was constructed, and the ROC curve showed good performance in predicting survival in both the development set (2/3) and the validation set (1/3) (the area under the curve reached 0.748 and 0.716, respectively). According to the median value of the risk score, the patients were categorized into the high- and low-risk groups, which had significantly different recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates (P < 0.01). Compared with the Milan criteria and University of California San Francisco (UCSF) criteria, DCA revealed that the new nomogram model had the best net benefit in predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year RFS. The nomogram performed well for calibration, NRI and IDI improvement., Conclusions: The nomogram, based on the Milan criteria and serological markers, showed good accuracy in predicting the recurrence of HCC after LT using extended selection criteria., (Copyright © 2024 First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in China. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The BIOFIRE SPOTFIRE Respiratory (R) Panel is a novel, in vitro diagnostic PCR assay with 15 pathogen targets. The runtime is about 15 min which is the shortest among similar panels in the market. We evaluated the performance of the SPOTFIRE R Panel with 151 specimens, including 133 collected from the upper respiratory tract (URT), 13 from the lower respiratory tract (LRT) and 5 external quality assessment program (EQAP) samples. The respiratory specimens were enrolled throughout the first two post-COVID-19 influenza seasons in Hong Kong (March to December 2023). For URT specimens, full concordance was observed between the SPOTFIRE R Panel and the standard-of-care FilmArray Respiratory 2.1 plus Panel (RP2.1 plus ) for 109 specimens (109/133, 81.95%). After discrepant analysis, the SPOTFIRE R Panel identified more pathogens than the RP2.1 plus in 15 specimens and vice versa in 3 specimens. The per-target negative and positive percentage agreement (NPA and PPA) were 92.86-100% except the PPA of adenovirus (88.24%). For LRT and EQAP samples, all results were fully concordant. To conclude, the performance of the SPOTFIRE R Panel was comparable to the RP2.1 plus .

The performance of the Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and Alinity m Resp-4-Plex Assays were evaluated using 167 specimens, including 158 human respiratory specimens and 9 external quality assessment program (EQAP) samples. For respiratory specimens, CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus exhibited perfect agreement with the standard-of-care (SOC) methods (Cohen's κ: 1, 100% agreement). The overall positive and negative percent agreement (PPA and NPA) were 100%, with 95% confidence intervals of 96.50 to 100% and 85.70 to 100%, respectively. On the other hand, Resp-4-Plex revealed an almost perfect agreement with the SOC methods (Cohen's κ: 0.92, 97.71% agreement). The overall PPA and NPA were 100% (95.76 to 100%) and 88.46% (70.20 to 96.82%), respectively. For EQAP samples, the results of CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus (9/9) and Resp-4-Plex (4/4) were concordant with the expected results. The experimental limit of detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was the lowest (25 copies/mL for both methods), and that of the respiratory syncytial virus was the highest (400 copies/mL for CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and 100 copies/mL for Resp-4-Plex). Threshold cycle (Ct) value correlation showed a large positive linear association between CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and Resp-4-Plex, with R-squared values of 0.92-0.97, and on average, the Ct values of CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus were higher than that of Resp-4-Plex by 1.86-2.78, except for Flu A1 target (-0.66). To conclude, the performance of both assay was comparable to the SOC methods for both upper and lower respiratory specimens. Implementation of these rapid assay may reinforce the diagnostic capacity for the post-pandemic co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.

We reviewed the multiplex PCR results of 20,127 respiratory specimens tested in a hospital setting from January 2014 to April 2023. The seasonal oscillation patterns of 17 respiratory viruses were studied. Compared with 2014-2019, a prominent drop in PCR positivity (from 64.46-69.21% to 17.29-29.89%, p < 0.001) and virus diversity was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with predominance of rhinovirus/enterovirus, sporadic spikes of parainfluenza viruses 3 and 4, respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2, and rare detection of influenza viruses, metapneumovirus, adenovirus and coronaviruses. The suppressed viruses appeared to regain activity from the fourth quarter of 2022 when pandemic interventions had been gradually relaxed in Hong Kong. With the co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal respiratory viruses, surveillance of their activity and an in-depth understanding of the clinical outcomes will provide valuable insights for improved public health measures and reducing disease burden.

Neuromedin S (NMS) is a neuroregulatory substance and has many important roles in regulating physiological functions in animal cells, while their specific functions and mechanisms in Leydig cells (LCs) of the testis remain unclear. The current study aims to investigate the role and potential mechanisms of NMS and its receptors in regulating steroidogenesis and proliferation in goat LCs. We found that NMS and its receptors were mainly expressed in LCs of goat testes at different ages (1-day-old, 3-month-old, and 9-month-old), and the highest expressions detected at age three months. NMS addition significantly enhanced the testosterone secretion, STAR, CYP11A1, 3BHSD, and CYP17A1 expressions, cell proliferation, and PCNA expression in vitro cultured goat LCs. Mechanistically, NMS addition increased G1/S cell population, the expressions of CCND1, CDK4 and CDK6, the activities of SOD2 and CAT, and enhanced the mitochondrial fusion, the production of ATP, and mitochondrial membrane potential, while inhibited cellular ROS production, and maintained a low ubiquitination level of mitochondrial proteins. Notably, these effects of NMS addition on goat LCs were suppressed by co-treatment with NMUR2 knockdown. Therefore, these data suggest that activating NMUR2 with NMS enhances testosterone production and cell proliferation in goat LCs through modulating mitochondrial morphology, function, and autophagy. These findings may provide a novel view of the regulatory mechanisms involved in male sexual maturation., (© 2023 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.)

Background: Next-generation sequencing comprehensive genomic panels (NGS CGPs) have enabled the delivery of tailor-made therapeutic approaches to improve survival outcomes in patients with cancer. Within the China Greater Bay Area (GBA), territorial differences in clinical practices and health care systems and strengthening collaboration warrant a regional consensus to consolidate the development and integration of precision oncology (PO). Therefore, the Precision Oncology Working Group (POWG) formulated standardized principles for the clinical application of molecular profiling, interpretation of genomic alterations, and alignment of actionable mutations with sequence-directed therapy to deliver clinical services of excellence and evidence-based care to patients with cancer in the China GBA., Methods: Thirty experts used a modified Delphi method. The evidence extracted to support the statements was graded according to the GRADE system and reported according to the Revised Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence guidelines, version 2.0., Results: The POWG reached consensus in six key statements: harmonization of reporting and quality assurance of NGS; molecular tumor board and clinical decision support systems for PO; education and training; research and real-world data collection, patient engagement, regulations, and financial reimbursement of PO treatment strategies; and clinical recommendations and implementation of PO in clinical practice., Conclusion: POWG consensus statements standardize the clinical application of NGS CGPs, streamline the interpretation of clinically significant genomic alterations, and align actionable mutations with sequence-directed therapies. The POWG consensus statements may harmonize the utility and delivery of PO in China's GBA.

Thalassemia is one of the most common genetic diseases and a major health threat worldwide. Accurate, efficient, and scalable analysis of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data is much needed for its molecular diagnosis and carrier screening. We developed NGS4THAL, a bioinformatics analysis pipeline analyzing NGS data to detect pathogenic variants for thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies. NGS4THAL realigns ambiguously mapped NGS reads derived from the homologous Hb gene clusters for accurate detection of point mutations and small insertions/deletions. It uses a combination of complementary structural variant (SV) detection tools and an in-house database of control data containing specific SVs to achieve accurate detection of the complex SV types. Detected variants are matched with those in HbVar (A Database of Human Hemoglobin Variants and Thalassemia Mutations), allowing recognition of known pathogenic variants, including disease modifiers. Tested on simulation data, NGS4THAL achieved high sensitivity and specificity. For targeted NGS sequencing data from samples with laboratory-confirmed pathogenic Hb variants, it achieved 100% detection accuracy. Application of NGS4THAL on whole genome sequencing data from unrelated studies revealed thalassemia mutation carrier rates for Hong Kong Chinese and Northern Vietnamese that were consistent with previous reports. NGS4THAL is a highly accurate and efficient molecular diagnosis tool for thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies based on tailored analysis of NGS data and may be scaled for population carrier screening., (Copyright © 2022 Association for Molecular Pathology and American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and has a high recurrence rate. Accurate prediction of recurrence risk is urgently required for tailoring personalized treatment programs for individual HCC patients in advance. In this study, we analyzed a gene expression dataset from an HCC cohort with 247 samples and identified five genes including ENY2 , GPAA1 , NDUFA4L2 , NEDD9 , and NRP1 as the variables for the prediction of HCC recurrence, especially the early recurrence. The Cox model and risks score were validated in two public HCC cohorts (GSE76427 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)) and one cohort from Huashan Hospital, which included a total of 641 samples. Moreover, the multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the risk score could serve as an independent prognostic factor in the prediction of HCC recurrence. In addition, we found that ENY2 , GPAA1 , and NDUFA4L2 were significantly upregulated in HCC of the two validation cohorts, and ENY2 had significantly higher expression levels than another four genes in malignant cells, suggesting that ENY2 might play key roles in malignant cells. The cell line analysis revealed that ENY2 could promote cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The functional analysis of the genes correlated with ENY2 revealed that ENY2 might be involved in telomere maintenance, one of the fundamental hallmarks of cancer. In conclusion, our data indicate that ENY2 may regulate the malignant phenotypes of HCC via activating telomere maintenance., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Li, Tao, Shen, Li, Wang, Xing, Ma, Xue, Zhang, Ma and Wang.)

Background: Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are rampant in hospitals and residential care homes for the elderly (RCHEs)., Aim: To analyse the prevalence of MRSA colonization among residents and staff, and degree of environmental contamination and air dispersal of MRSA in RCHEs., Methods: Epidemiological and genetic analysis by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in 12 RCHEs in Hong Kong., Findings: During the COVID-19 pandemic (from September to October 2021), 48.7% (380/781) of RCHE residents were found to harbour MRSA at any body site, and 8.5% (8/213) of staff were nasal MRSA carriers. Among 239 environmental samples, MRSA was found in 39.0% (16/41) of randomly selected resident rooms and 31.3% (62/198) of common areas. The common areas accessible by residents had significantly higher MRSA contamination rates than those that were not accessible by residents (37.2%, 46/121 vs. 22.1%, 17/177, P=0.028). Of 124 air samples, nine (7.3%) were MRSA-positive from four RCHEs. Air dispersal of MRSA was significantly associated with operating indoor fans in RCHEs (100%, 4/4 vs. 0%, 0/8, P=0.002). WGS of MRSA isolates collected from residents, staff and environmental and air samples showed that ST 1047 (CC1) lineage 1 constituted 43.1% (66/153) of all MRSA isolates. A distinctive predominant genetic lineage of MRSA in each RCHE was observed, suggestive of intra-RCHE transmission rather than clonal acquisition from the catchment hospital., Conclusion: MRSA control in RCHEs is no less important than in hospitals. Air dispersal of MRSA may be an important mechanism of dissemination in RCHEs with operating indoor fans., (Copyright © 2022 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

COVID-19 has swept across the globe since 2019 and repeated waves of infection have been caused by different variants of the original SARS-CoV-2 (wild type), with the Omicron and Delta variants having dominated recently. Vaccination is among the most important measures in the absence of widespread use of antivirals for prevention of morbidity and mortality. Inactivated virus vaccine has been abundantly used in many countries as the primary two-dose regimen. We aim to study the safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac (three-dose inactivated virus vaccine) and the BNT162b2 (two-dose inactivated virus vaccine followed by an mRNA vaccine) booster. Both CoronaVac and BNT162b2 boosters are generally safe and have good immunogenicity against the wild type SARS-CoV-2 and the Delta variant with the majority having neutralizing antibodies (NAb) on day 30 and day 90. However, the BNT162b2 booster is associated with a much higher proportion of positive NAb against the Omicron variant. Only 8% of day 30 and day 90 samples post CoronaVac booster have NAb against the Omicron variant. In addition, more BNT162b2 booster recipients are having positive T-cell responses using interferon gamma release assay. In places using inactivated virus vaccine as the primary two-dose scheme, the heterologous mRNA vaccine booster is safe and more immunogenic against the Omicron variant and should be considered as a preferred option during the current outbreak.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignancy with a high incidence and mortality. The tumor immune microenvironment plays an important role in promoting cancer development and supports GC progression. Accumulating evidence shows that GC cells can exert versatile mechanisms to remodel the tumor immune microenvironment and induce immune evasion. In this review, we systematically summarize the intricate crosstalk between GC cells and immune cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, natural killer cells, effector T cells, regulatory T cells, and B cells. We focus on how GC cells alter these immune cells to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that protects GC cells from immune attack. We conclude by compiling the latest progression of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapies, both alone and in combination with conventional therapies. Anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 therapy alone does not provide substantial clinical benefit for GC treatment. However, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy or targeted therapy has promising survival advantages in refractory and advanced GC patients. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms of GC, and highlights promising immunotherapeutic strategies., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: No potential conflicts of interest are disclosed., (©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, there is an increasing need for rapid, accessible assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection. We present a clinical evaluation and real-world implementation of the INDICAID COVID-19 rapid antigen test (INDICAID rapid test). A multisite clinical evaluation of the INDICAID rapid test using prospectively collected nasal (bilateral anterior) swab samples from symptomatic subjects was performed. The INDICAID rapid test demonstrated a positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) of 85.3% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 75.6% to 91.6%) and 94.9% (95% CI, 91.6% to 96.9%), respectively, compared to laboratory-based reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) using nasal specimens. The INDICAID rapid test was then implemented at COVID-19 outbreak screening centers in Hong Kong as part of a testing algorithm (termed "dual-track") to screen asymptomatic individuals for prioritization for confirmatory RT-PCR testing. In one approach, preliminary positive INDICAID rapid test results triggered expedited processing for laboratory-based RT-PCR, reducing the average time to confirmatory result from 10.85 h to 7.0 h. In a second approach, preliminary positive results triggered subsequent testing with an onsite rapid RT-PCR, reducing the average time to confirmatory result to 0.84 h. In 22,994 asymptomatic patients, the INDICAID rapid test demonstrated a PPA of 84.2% (95% CI, 69.6% to 92.6%) and an NPA of 99.9% (95% CI, 99.9% to 100%) compared to laboratory-based RT-PCR using combined nasal/oropharyngeal specimens. The INDICAID rapid test has excellent performance compared to laboratory-based RT-PCR testing and, when used in tandem with RT-PCR, reduces the time to confirmatory positive result. IMPORTANCE Laboratory-based RT-PCR, the current gold standard for COVID-19 testing, can require a turnaround time of 24 to 48 h from sample collection to result. The delayed time to result limits the effectiveness of centralized RT-PCR testing to reduce transmission and stem potential outbreaks. To address this, we conducted a thorough evaluation of the INDICAID COVID-19 rapid antigen test, a 20-minute rapid antigen test, in both symptomatic and asymptomatic populations. The INDICAID rapid test demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity with RT-PCR as the comparator method. A dual-track testing algorithm was also evaluated utilizing the INDICAID rapid test to screen for preliminary positive patients, whose samples were then prioritized for RT-PCR testing. The dual-track method demonstrated significant improvements in expediting the reporting of positive RT-PCR test results compared to standard RT-PCR testing without prioritization, offering an improved strategy for community testing and controlling SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.

We developed genetic-epigenetic tissue mapping (GETMap) to determine the tissue composition of plasma DNA carrying genetic variants not present in the constitutional genome through comparing their methylation profiles with relevant tissues. We validated this approach by showing that, in pregnant women, circulating DNA carrying fetal-specific alleles was entirely placenta-derived. In lung transplant recipients, we showed that, at 72 hr after transplantation, the lung contributed only a median of 17% to the plasma DNA carrying donor-specific alleles, and hematopoietic cells contributed a median of 78%. In hepatocellular cancer patients, the liver was identified as the predominant source of plasma DNA carrying tumor-specific mutations. In a pregnant woman with lymphoma, plasma DNA molecules carrying cancer mutations and fetal-specific alleles were accurately shown to be derived from the lymphocytes and placenta, respectively. Analysis of tissue origin for plasma DNA carrying genetic variants is potentially useful for noninvasive prenatal testing, transplantation monitoring, and cancer screening., Competing Interests: WG, ZZ, SA, XF, SL, SC, JW, SC, MJ, YY, RL, WC, EM, TL, HV No competing interests declared, PJ Holds equities in Grail. Serves as a director of KingMed Future. Received patent royalties from Grail, Illumina, Sequenom, DRA, Take2 and Xcelom. Filed a patent application (US15/214,998). RC Holds equities in DRA, Take2 and Grail. Is a consultant to Grail and Illumina. Receives research funding from Grail. Receives royalties from Grail, Illumina, Sequenom, DRA, Take2 and Xcelom. Filed a patent application (US15/214,998). KC Holds equities in DRA, Take2 and Grail. Is a consultant to and receives research funding from Grail. Receives royalties from Grail, Illumina, Sequenom, DRA, Take2 and Xcelom. Filed a patent application (US15/214,998). YL Reviewing editor, eLife. Holds equities in DRA, Take2 and Grail. Serves as a scientific cofounder and consultant of Grail. Receives research funding from Grail. Receives royalties from Grail, Illumina, Sequenom, DRA, Take2 and Xcelom. Filed a patent application (US15/214,998).

The white-flowered leaves of Eclipta prostrata L. together with leaves of Scoparia dulcis and Cynodon dactylon are mixedly boiled in water and given to diabetic patients resulting in the significant improvement in the management of diabetes. However, the active constituents from this plant for antidiabetic and anti-obesity properties are remaining unclear. Thus, this study was to discover anti-diabetes and anti-obesity activities through protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP)1B inhibitory effects. We found that the fatty acids (23, 24) showed potent PTP1B inhibition with IC 50 values of 2.14 and 3.21 µM, respectively. Triterpenoid-glycosides (12-15) also exhibited strong to moderate PTP1B inhibitory effects, with IC 50 values ranging from 10.88 to 53.35 µM. Additionally, active compounds were investigated for their PTP1B inhibitory mechanism and docking analysis. On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory activity from our study revealed that compounds (1-4, 7, 8, 10) displayed the significant inhibition nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Especially, compound 9 showed the potent inhibitory effects in LPS-induced NO production on RAW264.7 cell. Therefore, further Western blot analysis was performed to identify the inhibitory expression including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and inhibitor of kappaB (IκB) phosphorylation.

The incidence of myocardial infarction, among the causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, is increasing globally. In this study, left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, including LV systolic and diastolic function, was investigated in a rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury model with echocardiography. The homoisoflavanone sappanone A is known for its anti-inflammatory effects. Using echocardiography, we found that sappanone A administration significantly improved LV systolic and diastolic function in a rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury model, especially in the early phase development of myocardial infarction. Based on myocardial infarct size, serum cardiac marker assay, and histopathological evaluation, sappanone A showed higher efficacy at the doses used in our experiments than curcumin and was evaluated for its potential to improve LV function.

Targeted therapeutic agents such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors have emerged in treating cancers associated with germline BRCA mutations. Recently studies demonstrated the effectiveness of PARP inhibitors in treating patients with somatic BRCA mutations. Somatic mutations in 122 Chinese breast or ovarian cancer patients without BRCA, PTEN and TP53 mutations were screened using multigene sequencing panel. The five most frequent pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutated genes identified in breast cancer patients were PIK3CA (28.6%), TP53 (16.9%), MAP3K1 (14.3%), GATA3 (14.3%) and PTEN (5.2%). The five most frequently mutated genes identified in ovarian patients were TP53 (52.9%), KRAS (23.5%) and PIK3CA (11.8%), BRCA1 (5.9%) and RB1 (5.9%). Somatic PIK3CA and TP53 mutations were common events in both germline BRCA -negative breast and ovarian cancer patients. In contrast, somatic screening of BRCA mutations in BRCA -negative breast cancer patients has limited value. The results highlight the benefit of somatic testing to guide future research directions on other targeted therapies for breast and ovarian malignancies., Competing Interests: None., (AJCR Copyright © 2020.)

Aim: To explore potential utility of metagenomic sequencing for improving etiologic diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) caused by fastidious bacteria. Materials & methods: Plasma and heart valves of two patients, who were diagnosed with IE caused by Bartonella quintana and Propionibacterium species, were sequenced by using Illumina MiSeq and Nanopore MinION. Results: For patient 1, B. quintana was detected in the plasma pool collected 4 days before valvular replacement surgery. For patient 2, Propionibacterium sp. oral taxon 193 was detected in the plasma sample collected on hospital day 1. Nearly complete bacterial genomes (>98%) were retrieved from resected heart valves of both patients, enabling detection of antibiotic resistance-associated features. Real-time sequencing of heart valves identified both pathogens within the first 16 min of sequencing runs. Conclusion: Metagenomic sequencing may be a helpful supplement to IE diagnostic workflow, especially when conventional tests fail to yield a diagnosis.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) targeted, peptide based chemical probes are valuable tools for studying this important family of enzymes, despite the inherent difficulty of developing peptides targeted towards an individual PTP. Here, we have taken a rational approach to designing a SHP-2 targeted, fluorogenic peptide substrate based on information about the potential biological substrates of SHP-2. The fluorogenic, phosphotyrosine mimetic phosphocoumaryl aminopropionic acid (pCAP) provides a facile readout for monitoring PTP activity. By optimizing the amino acids surrounding the pCAP residue, we obtained a substrate with the sequence Ac-DDPI-pCAP-DVLD-NH 2 and optimized kinetic parameters (k cat  = 0.059 ± 0.008 s -1 , K m  = 220 ± 50 µM, k cat /K m of 270 M -1 s -1 ). In comparison, the phosphorylated coumarin moiety alone is an exceedingly poor substrate for SHP-2, with a k cat value of 0.0038 ± 0.0003 s -1 , a K m value of 1100 ± 100 µM and a k cat /K m of 3 M -1 s -1 . Furthermore, this optimized peptide has selectivity for SHP-2 over HePTP, MEG1 and PTPµ. The data presented here demonstrate that PTP-targeted peptide substrates can be obtained by optimizing the sequence of a pCAP containing peptide., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Isolation of Helicobacter cinaedi from a positive blood culture requires prolonged and stringent subculture conditions. Direct whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a positive blood culture may provide timely treatment-associated genetic information. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of H. cinaedi compiled by direct WGS, which was 1,995,911 bp in length with 39.1% GC content.